±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù) >

µÚ19ÕÂ

war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù)-µÚ19ÕÂ

С˵£º war of the classes(½×¼¶¶·Õù) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡creditor¡¡¡¡¡¡nations¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡She£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡wise¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

producing¡¡surplus¡¡value¡£¡¡She¡¡has¡¡been¡¡successful¡¡in¡¡her¡¡efforts¡¡to¡¡secure¡¡

economic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡emancipation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Possessing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡5¡¡¡¡¡¡per¡¡¡¡¡¡cent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world's¡¡

population¡¡and¡¡producing¡¡32¡¡per¡¡cent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡food¡¡supply£»¡¡she¡¡has¡¡

been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡looked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡farmer£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡now£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡amidst¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡

consternation£»¡¡she¡¡comes¡¡forward¡¡as¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡manufacturer¡£¡¡In¡¡1888¡¡her¡¡

manufactured¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exports¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡amounted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡130£»300£»087£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1896£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡53¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡54¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



253£»681£»541£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1897£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡279£»652£»721£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1898£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡307£»924£»994£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

1899£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡338£»667£»794£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1900£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡432£»000£»000¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Regarding¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡

growing¡¡favorable¡¡balances¡¡of¡¡trade£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡noted¡¡that¡¡not¡¡only¡¡are¡¡her¡¡

imports¡¡not¡¡increasing£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡are¡¡actually¡¡falling¡¡off£»¡¡while¡¡her¡¡exports¡¡

in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡decade¡¡have¡¡increased¡¡72¡£4¡¡per¡¡cent¡£¡¡In¡¡ten¡¡years¡¡her¡¡imports¡¡

from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡reduced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡474£»000£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡439£»000£»000£»¡¡

while¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡her¡¡exports¡¡have¡¡increased¡¡from¡¡682£»000£»000¡¡to¡¡

1£»111£»000£»000¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Her¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡balance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡trade¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡favor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡1895¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡

75£»000£»000£»¡¡in¡¡1896£»¡¡over¡¡100£»000£»000£»¡¡in¡¡1897£»¡¡nearly¡¡300£»000£»000£»¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1898£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡615£»000£»000£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1899£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡530£»000£»000£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1900£»¡¡

648£»000£»000¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡matter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡iron£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡States£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1840¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

dreamed¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡entering¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡field¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡international¡¡¡¡¡¡competition£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1897£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡

much¡¡to¡¡her¡¡own¡¡surprise¡¡as¡¡any¡¡one¡¡else's£»¡¡undersold¡¡the¡¡English¡¡in¡¡their¡¡

own¡¡London¡¡market¡£¡¡In¡¡1899¡¡there¡¡was¡¡but¡¡one¡¡American¡¡locomotive¡¡in¡¡

Great¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡five¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡locomotives¡¡¡¡¡¡sold¡¡¡¡¡¡abroad¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

United¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡1902£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡England¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡£¡¡

Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡operating¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡roads¡¡¡¡¡¡today¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡

instance¡¡the¡¡American¡¡manufacturers¡¡contracted¡¡to¡¡deliver¡¡a¡¡locomotive¡¡in¡¡

four¡¡and¡¡one¡­half¡¡months¡¡for¡¡9250£»¡¡the¡¡English¡¡manufacturers¡¡requiring¡¡

twenty¡­four¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡months¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡delivery¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡14£»000¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Clyde¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shipbuilders¡¡

recently¡¡placed¡¡orders¡¡for¡¡150£»000¡¡tons¡¡of¡¡plates¡¡at¡¡a¡¡saving¡¡of¡¡250£»000£»¡¡

and¡¡the¡¡American¡¡steel¡¡going¡¡into¡¡the¡¡making¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡London¡¡subway¡¡

is¡¡taken¡¡as¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡course¡£¡¡American¡¡tools¡¡stand¡¡above¡¡competition¡¡the¡¡

world¡¡over¡£¡¡Ready¡­made¡¡boots¡¡and¡¡shoes¡¡are¡¡beginning¡¡to¡¡flood¡¡Europe£»¡¡

the¡¡same¡¡with¡¡machinery£»¡¡bicycles£»¡¡agricultural¡¡implements£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡kinds¡¡

of¡¡manufactured¡¡goods¡£¡¡A¡¡correspondent¡¡from¡¡Hamburg£»¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

invasion¡¡of¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡trade£»¡¡¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Incidentally£»¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡remarked¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

the¡¡typewriting¡¡machine¡¡with¡¡which¡¡this¡¡article¡¡is¡¡written£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡the¡¡

thousandsnay£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hundreds¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡thousandsof¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡others¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡

throughout¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡America£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡stands¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

American¡¡¡¡¡¡table£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡office¡¡¡¡¡¡furnished¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡desks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡bookcases£»¡¡

and¡¡chairs£»¡¡which¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡made¡¡in¡¡Europe¡¡of¡¡equal¡¡quality£»¡¡so¡¡practical¡¡

and¡¡convenient£»¡¡for¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡price¡£¡¨¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡54¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡55¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡1893¡¡and¡¡1894£»¡¡because¡¡of¡¡the¡¡distrust¡¡of¡¡foreign¡¡capital£»¡¡the¡¡United¡¡

States¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡buy¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡securities¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡abroad£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

¡¡1897¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡1898¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡bought¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡securities¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡abroad£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

because¡¡she¡¡had¡¡to£»¡¡but¡¡because¡¡she¡¡chose¡¡to¡£¡¡And¡¡not¡¡only¡¡has¡¡she¡¡bought¡¡

back¡¡her¡¡own¡¡securities£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡last¡¡eight¡¡years¡¡she¡¡has¡¡become¡¡a¡¡buyer¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡securities¡¡of¡¡other¡¡countries¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡money¡¡markets¡¡of¡¡London£»¡¡Paris£»¡¡

and¡¡Berlin¡¡she¡¡is¡¡a¡¡lender¡¡of¡¡money¡£¡¡Carrying¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡stock¡¡of¡¡gold¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡world£»¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡in¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡danger£»¡¡when¡¡crises¡¡of¡¡international¡¡

finance¡¡loom¡¡large£»¡¡looks¡¡to¡¡her¡¡vast¡¡lending¡¡ability¡¡for¡¡safety¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡swift¡¡years£»¡¡has¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡drawn¡¡up¡¡to¡¡the¡¡van¡¡

where¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡nations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡fighting¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡commercial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

financial¡¡empire¡£¡¡The¡¡figures¡¡of¡¡the¡¡race£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡she¡¡passed¡¡England£»¡¡are¡¡

interesting£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Year¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Exports¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Kingdom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Exports¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1875¡¡

497£»263£»737¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»087£»497£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1885¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡673£»593£»506¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»037£»124£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1895¡¡

807£»742£»415¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»100£»452£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1896¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡986£»830£»080¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»168£»671£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1897¡¡

¡¡1£»079£»834£»296¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»139£»882£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1898¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»233£»564£»828¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»135£»642£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1899¡¡

¡¡1£»253£»466£»000¡¡1£»287£»971£»000¡¡1900¡¡1£»453£»013£»659¡¡1£»418£»348£»000¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Henry¡¡¡¡¡¡Demarest¡¡¡¡¡¡Lloyd¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡noted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨When¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡news¡¡¡¡¡¡reached¡¡

Germany¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡steel¡¡trust¡¡in¡¡America£»¡¡the¡¡stocks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡iron¡¡and¡¡steel¡¡

mills¡¡listed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Berlin¡¡Bourse¡¡fell¡£¡¨¡¡While¡¡Europe¡¡has¡¡been¡¡talking¡¡and¡¡

dreaming¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greatness¡¡which¡¡was£»¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡has¡¡been¡¡thinking¡¡

and¡¡planning¡¡and¡¡doing¡¡for¡¡the¡¡greatness¡¡to¡¡be¡£¡¡Her¡¡captains¡¡of¡¡industry¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡kings¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡finance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡toiled¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sweated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡organizing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

consolidating¡¡production¡¡and¡¡transportation¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡has¡¡been¡¡merely¡¡the¡¡

developmental¡¡¡¡¡¡stage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tuning¡­up¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡orchestra¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡With¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡twentieth¡¡

century¡¡rises¡¡the¡¡curtain¡¡on¡¡the¡¡play£»a¡¡play¡¡which¡¡shall¡¡have¡¡much¡¡in¡¡it¡¡of¡¡

comedy¡¡and¡¡a¡¡vast¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡tragedy£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡well¡¡named¡¡The¡¡

Capitalistic¡¡¡¡¡¡Conquest¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡America¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Nations¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡die¡¡¡¡¡¡easily£»¡¡

and¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡moves¡¡of¡¡Europe¡¡will¡¡be¡¡the¡¡erection¡¡of¡¡tariff¡¡walls¡£¡¡

America£»¡¡however£»¡¡will¡¡fittingly¡¡reply£»¡¡for¡¡already¡¡her¡¡manufacturers¡¡are¡¡

establishing¡¡works¡¡in¡¡France¡¡and¡¡Germany¡£¡¡And¡¡when¡¡the¡¡German¡¡trade¡¡

journals¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡refused¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡accept¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡advertisements£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

country¡¡flamingly¡¡bill¡­boarded¡¡in¡¡buccaneer¡¡American¡¡fashion¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡56¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡War¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Classes¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡Leroy¡­Beaulieu£»¡¡the¡¡French¡¡economist£»¡¡is¡¡passionately¡¡preaching¡¡a¡¡

commercial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡combination¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Continent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡

States£»a¡¡commercial¡¡alliance¡¡which£»¡¡he¡¡boldly¡¡declares£»¡¡should¡¡become¡¡a¡¡

political¡¡alliance¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡this¡¡he¡¡is¡¡not¡¡alone£»¡¡finding¡¡ready¡¡sympathy¡¡and¡¡

ardent¡¡¡¡¡¡support¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡Austria£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Italy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Germany¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Lord¡¡¡¡¡¡Rosebery¡¡¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

recent¡¡¡¡¡¡speech¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Wolverhampton¡¡¡¡¡¡Chamber¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Commerce£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡

Americans£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡vast¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡incalculable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡resources£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

acuteness¡¡and¡¡enterprise£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡huge¡¡population£»¡¡which¡¡will¡¡probably¡¡

be¡¡100£»000£»000¡¡in¡¡twenty¡¡years£»¡¡together¡¡with¡¡the¡¡plan¡¡they¡¡have¡¡adopted¡¡

for¡¡putting¡¡accumulated¡¡wealth¡¡into¡¡great¡¡cooperative¡¡syndicates¡¡or¡¡trusts¡¡

for¡¡the¡¡purpose¡¡of¡¡carrying¡¡on¡¡this¡¡great¡¡commercial¡¡warfare£»¡¡are¡¡the¡¡most¡¡

formidable¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡rivals¡¡to¡¡be¡¡feared¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡London¡¡Times¡¡says£º¡¡¡¨It¡¡is¡¡useless¡¡to¡¡disguise¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡Great¡¡

Britain¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡outdistanced¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡competition¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

glut¡¡¡¡¡¡caused¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡miscalculation¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡demand¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Our¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡steel¡­¡¡

makers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡better¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡alarmed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡threatened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡competition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

markets¡¡¡¡¡¡hitherto¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡comes¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡efficiency¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡production¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡

never¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡British¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡naval¡¡¡¡¡¡supremacy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡in¡¡

danger£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡continues¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡paper£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨for£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡lose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡engineering¡¡

supremacy£»¡¡our¡¡naval¡¡supremacy¡¡will¡¡follow£»¡¡unless

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ