part15-第6章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
triumphant; and they will undoubtedly be so in all。 What kind of
government will they establish? How much liberty can they bear
without intoxication? Are their chiefs sufficiently enlightened to
form a well…guarded government; and their people to watch their
chiefs? Have they mind enough to place their domesticated Indians on
a footing with the whites? All these questions you can answer better
than any other。 I imagine they will copy our outlines of
confederation and elective government; abolish distinction of ranks;
bow the neck to their priests; and persevere in intolerantism。 Their
greatest difficulty will be in the construction of their executive。
I suspect that; regardless of the experiment of France; and of that
of the United States in 1784; they will begin with a directory; and
when the unavoidable schisms in that kind of executive shall drive
them to something else; their great question will come on whether to
substitute an executive elective for years; for life; or an
hereditary one。 But unless instruction can be spread among them more
rapidly than experience promises; despotism may come upon them before
they are qualified to save the ground they will have gained。 Could
Napoleon obtain; at the close of the present war; the independence of
all the West India islands; and their establishment in a separate
confederacy; our quarter of the globe would exhibit an enrapturing
prospect into futurity。 You will live to see much of this。 I shall
follow; however; cheerfully my fellow laborers; contented with having
borne a part in beginning this beatific reformation。
I fear; from some expressions in your letter; that your
personal interests have not been duly protected; while you were
devoting your time; talents and labor for the information of mankind。
I should sincerely regret it for the honor of the governing powers;
as well as from affectionate attachment to yourself and the sincerest
wishes for your felicity; fortunes and fame。
In sending you a copy of my Notes on Virginia; I do but obey
the desire you have expressed。 They must appear chetif enough to the
author of the great work on South America。 But from the widow her
mite was welcome; and you will add to this indulgence the acceptance
of my sincere assurances of constant friendship and respect。
〃A YOUNG GARDENER〃
_To Charles Willson Peale_
_Poplar Forest; August 20; 1811_
It is long; my dear Sir; since we have exchanged a letter。 Our
former correspondence had always some little matter of business
interspersed; but this being at an end; I shall still be anxious to
hear from you sometimes; and to know that you are well and happy。 I
know indeed that your system is that of contentment under any
situation。 I have heard that you have retired from the city to a
farm; and that you give your whole time to that。 Does not the museum
suffer? And is the farm as interesting? Here; as you know; we are
all farmers; but not in a pleasing style。 We have so little labor in
proportion to our land that; although perhaps we make more profit
from the same labor; we cannot give to our grounds that style of
beauty which satisfies the eye of the amateur。 Our rotations are
corn; wheat; and clover; or corn; wheat; clover and clover; or wheat;
corn; wheat; clover and clover; preceding the clover by a plastering。
But some; instead of clover substitute mere rest; and all are
slovenly enough。 We are adding the care of Merino sheep。 I have
often thought that if heaven had given me choice of my position and
calling; it should have been on a rich spot of earth; well watered;
and near a good market for the productions of the garden。 No
occupation is so delightful to me as the culture of the earth; and no
culture comparable to that of the garden。 Such a variety of
subjects; some one always coming to perfection; the failure of one
thing repaired by the success of another; and instead of one harvest
a continued one through the year。 Under a total want of demand
except for our family table; I am still devoted to the garden。 But
though an old man; I am but a young gardener。
Your application to whatever you are engaged in I know to be
incessant。 But Sundays and rainy days are always days of writing for
the farmer。 Think of me sometimes when you have your pen in hand;
and give me information of your health and occupations; and be always
assured of my great esteem and respect。
REPRISE: WEIGHTS; MEASURES; AND COINS
_To Dr。 Robert Patterson_
_Monticello; November 10; 1811_
DEAR SIR; Your favor of September 23d came to hand in due
time; and I thank you for the nautical almanac it covered for the
year 1813。 I learn with pleasure that the Philosophical Society has
concluded to take into consideration the subject of a fixed standard
of measures; weights and coins; and you ask my ideas on it; insulated
as my situation is; I am sure I can offer nothing but what will occur
to the committee engaged on it; with the advantage on their part of
correction by an interchange of sentiments and observations among
themselves。 I will; however; hazard some general ideas because you
desire it; and if a single one be useful; the labor will not be lost。
The subject to be referred to as a standard; whether it be
matter or motion; should be fixed by nature; invariable and
accessible to all nations; independently of others; and with a
convenience not disproportioned to its utility。 What subject in
nature fulfils best these conditions? What system shall we propose
on this; embracing measures; weights and coins? and in what form
shall we present it to the world? These are the questions before the
committee。
Some other subjects have; at different times; been proposed as
standards; but two only have divided the opinions of men: first; a
direct admeasurement of a line on the earth's surface; or second; a
measure derived from its motion on its axis。 To measure directly
such a portion of the earth as would furnish an element of measure;
which might be found again with certainty in all future times; would
be too far beyond the competence of our means to be taken into
consideration。 I am free; at the same time; to say that if these
were within our power in the most ample degree; this element would
not meet my preference。 The admeasurement would of course be of a
portion of some great circle of the earth。 If of the equator; the
countries over which that passes; their character and remoteness;
render the undertaking arduous; and we may say impracticable for most
nations。 If of some meridian; the varying measures of its degrees
from the equator to the pole; require a mean to be sought; of which
some aliquot part may furnish what is desired。 For this purpose the
45th degree has been recurred to; and such a length of line on both
sides of it terminating at each end in the ocean; as may furnish a
satisfactory law for a deduction of the unmeasured part of the
quadrant。 The portion resorted to by the French philosophers; (and
there is no other on the globe under circumstances equally
satisfactory;) is the meridian passing through their country and a
portion of Spain; from Dunkirk to Barcelona。 The objections to such
an admeasurement as an element of measure; are the labor; the time;
the number of highly…qualified agents; and the great expense
required。 All this; too; is to be repeated whenever any accident
shall have destroyed the standard derived from it; or impaired its
dimensions。 This portion of that particular meridian is accessible
of right to no one nation on earth。 France; indeed; availing herself
of a moment of peculiar relation between Spain and herself; has
executed such an admeasurement。 But how would it be at this moment;
as to either France or Spain? and how is it at al