the antiquities of the jews-1-第44章

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sisters；　and　sons'　wives；　as　all　instances　of　abominable
wickedness。　He　also　forbade　a　man　to　lie　with　his　wife　when　she
was　defiled　by　her　natural　purgation：　and　not　to　come　near　brute
beasts；　nor　to　approve　of　the　lying　with　a　male；　which　was　to
hunt　after　unlawful　pleasures　on　account　of　beauty。　To　those　who
were　guilty　of　such　insolent　behavior；　he　ordained　death　for
their　punishment。

2。　As　for　the　priests；　he　prescribed　to　them　a　double　degree　of
purity　（25）　for　he　restrained　them　in　the　instances　above；　and
moreover　forbade　them　to　marry　harlots。　He　also　forbade　them　to
marry　a　slave；　or　a　captive；　and　such　as　got　their　living　by
cheating　trades；　and　by　keeping　inns；　as　also　a　woman　parted　from
her　husband；　on　any　account　whatsoever。　Nay；　he　did　not　think　it
proper　for　the　high　priest　to　marry　even　the　widow　of　one　that
was　dead；　though　he　allowed　that　to　the　priests；　but　he　permitted
him　only　to　marry　a　virgin；　and　to　retain　her。　Whence　it　is　that
the　high　priest　is　not　to　come　near　to　one　that　is　dead；　although
the　rest　are　not　prohibited　from　coming　near　to　their　brethren；
or　parents；　or　children；　when　they　are　dead；　but　they　are　to　be
unblemished　in　all　respects。　He　ordered　that　the　priest　who　had
any　blemish；　should　have　his　portion　indeed　among　the　priests；
but　he　forbade　him　to　ascend　the　altar；　or　to　enter　into　the　holy
house。　He　also　enjoined　them；　not　only　to　observe　purity　in　their
sacred　ministrations；　but　in　their　daily　conversation；　that　it
might　be　unblamable　also。　And　on　this　account　it　is　that　those
who　wear　the　sacerdotal　garments　are　without　spot；　and　eminent
for　their　purity　and　sobriety：　nor　are　they　permitted　to　drink
wine　so　long　as　they　wear　those　garments。　（26）　Moreover；　they
offer　sacrifices　that　are　entire；　and　have　no　defect　whatsoever。

3。　And　truly　Moses　gave　them　all　these　precepts；　being　such　as
were　observed　during　his　own　lifetime；　but　though　he　lived　now　in
the　wilderness；　yet　did　he　make　provision　how　they　might　observe
the　same　laws　when　they　should　have　taken　the　land　of　Canaan。　He
gave　them　rest　to　the　land　from　ploughing　and　planting　every
seventh　year；　as　he　had　prescribed　to　them　to　rest　from　working
every　seventh　day；　and　ordered；　that　then　what　grew　of　its　own
accord　out　of　the　earth　should　in　common　belong　to　all　that
pleased　to　use　it；　making　no　distinction　in　that　respect　between
their　own　countrymen　and　foreigners：　and　he　ordained；　that　they
should　do　the　same　after　seven　times　seven　years；　which　in　all
are　fifty　years；　and　that　fiftieth　year　is　called　by　the　Hebrews
The　Jubilee；　wherein　debtors　are　freed　from　their　debts；　and
slaves　are　set　at　liberty；　which　slaves　became　such；　though　they
were　of　the　same　stock；　by　transgressing　some　of　those　laws　the
punishment　of　which　was　not　capital；　but　they　were　punished　by
this　method　of　slavery。　This　year　also　restores　the　land　to　its
former　possessors　in　the　manner　following：　…　When　the　Jubilee　is
come；　which　name　denotes　liberty；　he　that　sold　the　land；　and　he
that　bought　it；　meet　together；　and　make　an　estimate；　on　one　hand；
of　the　fruits　gathered；　and；　on　the　other　hand；　of　the　expenses
laid　out　upon　it。　If　the　fruits　gathered　come　to　more　than　the
expenses　laid　out；　he　that　sold　it　takes　the　land　again；　but　if
the　expenses　prove　more　than　the　fruits；　the　present　possessor
receives　of　the　former　owner　the　difference　that　was　wanting；　and
leaves　the　land　to　him；　and　if　the　fruits　received；　and　the
expenses　laid　out；　prove　equal　to　one　another；　the　present
possessor　relinquishes　it　to　the　former　owners。　Moses　would　have
the　same　law　obtain　as　to　those　houses　also　which　were　sold　in
villages；　but　he　made　a　different　law　for　such　as　were　sold　in　a
city；　for　if　he　that　sold　it　tendered　the　purchaser　his　money
again　within　a　year；　he　was　forced　to　restore　it；　but　in　case　a
whole　year　had　intervened；　the　purchaser　was　to　enjoy　what　he　had
bought。　This　was　the　constitution　of　the　laws　which　Moses　learned
of　God　when　the　camp　lay　under　Mount　Sinai；　and　this　he　delivered
in　writing　to　the　Hebrews。

4。　Now　when　this　settlement　of　laws　seemed　to　be　well　over；　Moses
thought　fit　at　length　to　take　a　review　of　the　host；　as　thinking
it　proper　to　settle　the　affairs　of　war。　So　he　charged　the　heads
of　the　tribes；　excepting　the　tribe　of　Levi；　to　take　an　exact
account　of　the　number　of　those　that　were　able　to　go　to　war；　for
as　to　the　Levites；　they　were　holy；　and　free　from　all　such
burdens。　Now　when　the　people　had　been　numbered；　there　were　found
six　hundred　thousand　that　were　able　to　go　to　war；　from　twenty　to
fifty　years　of　age；　besides　three　thousand　six　hundred　and　fifty。
Instead　of　Levi；　Moses　took　Manasseh；　the　son　of　Joseph；　among
the　heads　of　tribes；　and　Ephraim　instead　of　Joseph。　It　was　indeed
the　desire　of　Jacob　himself　to　Joseph；　that　he　would　give　him　his
sons　to　be　his　own　by　adoption；　as　I　have　before　related。

5。　When　they　set　up　the　tabernacle；　they　received　it　into　the
midst　of　their　camp；　three　of　the　tribes　pitching　their　tents　on
each　side　of　it；　and　roads　were　cut　through　the　midst　of　these
tents。　It　was　like　a　well…appointed　market；　and　every　thing　was
there　ready　for　sale　in　due　order；　and　all　sorts　of　artificers
were　in　the　shops；　and　it　resembled　nothing　so　much　as　a　city
that　sometimes　was　movable；　and　sometimes　fixed。　The　priests　had
the　first　places　about　the　tabernacle；　then　the　Levites；　who；
because　their　whole　multitude　was　reckoned　from　thirty　days　old；
were　twenty…three　thousand　eight　hundred　and　eighty　males；　and
during　the　time　that　the　cloud　stood　over　the　tabernacle；　they
thought　proper　to　stay　in　the　same　place；　as　supposing　that　God
there　inhabited　among　them；　but　when　that　removed；　they　journeyed
also。

6。　Moreover；　Moses　was　the　inventor　of　the　form　of　their　trumpet；
which　was　made　of　silver。　Its　description　is　this：　…　In　length　it
was　little　less　than　a　cubit。　It　was　composed　of　a　narrow　tube；
somewhat　thicker　than　a　flute；　but　with　so　much　breadth　as　was
sufficient　for　admission　of　the　breath　of　a　man's　mouth：　it　ended
in　the　form　of　a　bell；　like　common　trumpets。　Its　sound　was　called
in　the　Hebrew　tongue　Asosra。　Two　of　these　being　made；　one　of　them
was　sounded　when　they　required　the　multitude　to　come　together　to
congregations。　When　the　first　of　them　gave　a　signal；　the　heads　of
the　tribes　were　to　assemble；　and　consult　about　the　affairs　to
them　properly　belonging；　but　when　they　gave　the　signal　by　both　of
them；　they　called　the　multitude　together。　Whenever　the　tabernacle
was　removed；　it　was　done　in　this　solemn　order：　…　At　the　first
alarm　of　the　trumpet；　those　whose　tents　were　on　the　east　quarter
prepared　to　remove；　when　the　second　signal　was　given；　those　that
were　on　the　south　quarter　did　the　like；　in　the　next　place；　the
tabernacle　was　taken　to　pieces；　and　was　carried　in　the　midst　of
six　tribes　that　went　before；　and　of　six　that　followed；　all　the
Levites　assisting　about　the　tabernacle；　when　the　third　signal　was
given；　that　part　which　had　their　tents　towards　the　west　put
themselves　in　motion；　and　at　the　fourth　signal　those　on　the　north
did　so　likewise。　They　also　made　use　of　these　trumpets　in　their
sacred　ministrations；　when　they　were　bringing　their　sacrifices　to
the　altar　as　well　on　the　Sabbaths　as　on　the　rest　of　the
＇festival＇　days；　and　now　it　was　that　Moses　offered　that　sacrifice
which　was　called　the　Passover　in　the　Wilderness；　as　the　first　he
had　offered　after　the　departure　out　of　Egypt。

CHAPTER　13。

Moses　Removed　From　Mount　Sinai；　And　Conducted　The　People　To　The
Borders　Of　The　Canaanites。

A　Little　while　afterwards　he　rose　up；　and　went　from　Mount　Sinai；
and；　having　passed　through　several　mansions；　of　which　we　will
speak　he　came　to　a　place　called　Hazeroth；　where　the　multitude
began　again　to　be　mutinous；　and　to　Moses　for　the　misfortunes　they
had　suffered　their　travels；　and　that　when　he　had　persuaded　to
leave　a　good　land；　they　at　once　had　lost　land；　and　instead　of
that　happy　state　he　had　them；　they　were　still　wandering　in　their
miserable　condition；　being　already　in　want　water；　and　if　the
manna　should　happen　to　fail；　must　then　utterly　perish。　Yet　while
they　spake　many　and　sore　things　aga