the antiquities of the jews-1-第248章

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begged　of　Caesar　a　tetrarchy　（21）　for　his　brother　Pheroras；　while
he　did　himself　bestow　upon　him　a　revenue　of　a　hundred　talents　out
of　his　own　kingdom；　that　in　case　he　came　to　any　harm　himself；　his
brother　might　be　in　safety；　and　that　his　sons　might　not　have
dominion　over　him。　So　when　he　had　conducted　Caesar　to　the　sea；
and　was　returned　home；　he　built　him　a　most　beautiful　temple；　of
the　whitest　stone；　in　Zenodorus's　country；　near　the　place　called
Panlure。　This　is　a　very　fine　cave　in　a　mountain；　under　which
there　is　a　great　cavity　in　the　earth；　and　the　cavern　is　abrupt；
and　prodigiously　deep；　and　frill　of　a　still　water；　over　it　hangs
a　vast　mountain；　and　under　the　caverns　arise　the　springs　of　the
river　Jordan。　Herod　adorned　this　place；　which　was　already　a　very
remarkable　one；　still　further　by　the　erection　of　this　temple；
which　he　dedicated　to　Caesar。

4。　At　which　time　Herod　released　to　his　subjects　the　third　part　of
their　taxes；　under　pretense　indeed　of　relieving　them；　after　the
dearth　they　had　had；　but　the　main　reason　was；　to　recover　their
good…will；　which　he　now　wanted；　for　they　were　uneasy　at　him；
because　of　the　innovations　he　had　introduced　in　their　practices；
of　the　dissolution　of　their　religion；　and　of　the　disuse　of　their
own　customs；　and　the　people　every　where　talked　against　him；　like
those　that　were　still　more　provoked　and　disturbed　at　his
procedure；　against　which　discontents　he　greatly　guarded　himself；
and　took　away　the　opportunities　they　might　have　to　disturb　him；
and　enjoined　them　to　be　always　at　work；　nor　did　he　permit　the
citizens　either　to　meet　together；　or　to　walk　or　eat　together；　but
watched　every　thing　they　did；　and　when　any　were　caught；　they　were
severely　punished；　and　many　there　were　who　were　brought　to　the
citadel　Hyrcania；　both　openly　and　secretly；　and　were　there　put　to
death；　and　there　were　spies　set　every　where；　both　in　the　city　and
in　the　roads；　who　watched　those　that　met　together；　nay；　it　is
reported　that　he　did　not　himself　neglect　this　part　of　caution；
but　that　he　would　oftentimes　himself　take　the　habit　of　a　private
man；　and　mix　among　the　multitude；　in　the　night　time；　and　make
trial　what　opinion　they　had　of　his　government：　and　as　for　those
that　could　no　way　be　reduced　to　acquiesce　under　his　scheme　of
government；　he　prosecuted　them　all　manner　of　ways；　but　for　the
rest　of　the　multitude；　he　required　that　they　should　be　obliged　to
take　an　oath　of　fidelity　to　him；　and　at　the　same　time　compelled
them　to　swear　that　they　would　bear　him　good…will；　and　continue
certainly　so　to　do；　in　his　management　of　the　government；　and
indeed　a　great　part　of　them；　either　to　please　him；　or　out　of　fear
of　him；　yielded　to　what　he　required　of　them；　but　for　such　as　were
of　a　more　open　and　generous　disposition；　and　had　indignation　at
the　force　he　used　to　them；　he　by　one　means　or　other　made　away；
with　them。　He　endeavored　also　to　persuade　Pollio　the　Pharisee；
and　Satneas；　and　the　greatest　part　of　their　scholars；　to　take　the
oath；　but　these　would　neither　submit　so　to　do；　nor　were　they
punished　together　with　the　rest；　out　of　the　reverence　he　bore　to
Pollio。　The　Essens　also；　as　we　call　a　sect　of　ours；　were　excused
from　this　imposition。　These　men　live　the　same　kind　of　life　as　do
those　whom　the　Greeks　call　Pythagoreans；　concerning　whom　I　shall
discourse　more　fully　elsewhere。　However；　it　is　but　fit　to　set
down　here　the　reasons　wherefore　Herod　had　these　Essens　in　such
honor；　and　thought　higher　of　them　than　their　mortal　nature
required；　nor　will　this　account　be　unsuitable　to　the　nature　of
this　history；　as　it　will　show　the　opinion　men　had　of　these
Essens。

5。　Now　there　was　one　of　these　Essens；　whose　name　was　Manahem；　who
had　this　testimony；　that　he　not　only　conducted　his　life　after　an
excellent　manner；　but　had　the　foreknowledge　of　future　events
given　him　by　God　also。　This　man　once　saw　Herod　when　he　was　a
child；　and　going　to　school；　and　saluted　him　as　king　of　the　Jews；
but　he；　thinking　that　either　he　did　not　know　him；　or　that　he　was
in　jest；　put　him　in　mind　that　he　was　but　a　private　man；　but
Manahem　smiled　to　himself；　and　clapped　him　on　his　backside　with
his　hand；　and　said；〃　However　that　be；　thou　wilt　be　king；　and　wilt
begin　thy　reign　happily；　for　God　finds　thee　worthy　of　it。　And　do
thou　remember　the　blows　that　Manahem　hath　given　thee；　as　being　a
signal　of　the　change　of　thy　fortune。　And　truly　this　will　be　the
best　reasoning　for　thee；　that　thou　love　justice　＇towards　men＇；
and　piety　towards　God；　and　clemency　towards　thy　citizens；　yet　do
I　know　how　thy　whole　conduct　will　be；　that　thou　wilt　not　be　such
a　one；　for　thou　wilt　excel　all　men　in　happiness；　and　obtain　an
everlasting　reputation；　but　wilt　forget　piety　and　righteousness；
and　these　crimes　will　not　be　concealed　from　God；　at　the
conclusion　of　thy　life；　when　thou　wilt　find　that　he　will　be
mindful　of　them；　and　punish　time　for　them。〃　Now　at　that　time
Herod　did　not　at　all　attend　to　what　Manahem　said；　as　having　no
hopes　of　such　advancement；　but　a　little　afterward；　when　he　was　so
fortunate　as　to　be　advanced　to　the　dignity　of　king；　and　was　in
the　height　of　his　dominion；　he　sent　for　Manahem；　and　asked　him
how　long　he　should　reign。　Manahem　did　not　tell　him　the　full
length　of　his　reign；　wherefore；　upon　that　silence　of　his；　he
asked　him　further；　whether　he　should　reign　ten　years　or　not？　He
replied；　〃Yes；　twenty；　nay；　thirty　years；〃　but　did　not　assign　the
just　determinate　limit　of　his　reign。　Herod　was　satisfied　with
these　replies；　and　gave　Manahem　his　hand；　and　dismissed　him；　and
from　that　time　he　continued　to　honor　all　the　Essens。　We　have
thought　it　proper　to　relate　these　facts　to　our　readers；　how
strange　soever　they　be；　and　to　declare　what　hath　happened　among
us；　because　many　of　these　Essens　have；　by　their　excellent　virtue；
been　thought　worthy　of　this　knowledge　of　Divine　revelations。

CHAPTER　11。

How　Herod　Rebuilt　The　Temple　And　Raised　It　Higher　And　Made　It
More　Magnificent　Than　It　Was　Before；　As　Also　Concerning　That
Tower　Which　He　Called　Antonia。

1。　And　now　Herod；　in　the　eighteenth　year　of　his　reign；　and　after
the　acts　already　mentioned；　undertook　a　very　great　work；　that　is；
to　build　of　himself　the　temple　of　God；　（22）　and　make　it　larger　in
compass；　and　to　raise　it　to　a　most　magnificent　altitude；　as
esteeming　it　to　be　the　most　glorious　of　all　his　actions；　as　it
really　was；　to　bring　it　to　perfection；　and　that　this　would　be
sufficient　for　an　everlasting　memorial　of　him；　but　as　he　knew　the
multitude　were　not　ready　nor　willing　to　assist　him　in　so　vast　a
design；　he　thought　to　prepare　them　first　by　making　a　speech　to
them；　and　then　set　about　the　work　itself；　so　he　called　them
together；　and　spake　thus　to　them：　〃I　think　I　need　not　speak　to
you；　my　countrymen；　about　such　other　works　as　I　have　done　since　I
came　to　the　kingdom；　although　I　may　say　they　have　been　performed
in　such　a　manner　as　to　bring　more　security　to　you　than　glory　to
myself；　for　I　have　neither　been　negligent　in　the　most　difficult
times　about　what　tended　to　ease　your　necessities；　nor　have　the
buildings。　I　have　made　been　so　proper　to　preserve　me　as
yourselves　from　injuries；　and　I　imagine　that；　with　God's
assistance；　I　have　advanced　the　nation　of　the　Jews　to　a　degree　of
happiness　which　they　never　had　before；　and　for　the　particular
edifices　belonging　to　your　own　country；　and　your　own　cities；　as
also　to　those　cities　that　we　have　lately　acquired；　which　we　have
erected　and　greatly　adorned；　and　thereby　augmented　the　dignity　of
your　nation；　it　seems　to　me　a　needless　task　to　enumerate　them　to
you；　since　you　well　know　them　yourselves；　but　as　to　that
undertaking　which　I　have　a　mind　to　set　about　at　present；　and
which　will　be　a　work　of　the　greatest　piety　and　excellence　that
can　possibly　be　undertaken　by　us；　I　will　now　declare　it　to　you。
Our　fathers；　indeed；　when　they　were　returned　from　Babylon；　built
this　temple　to　God　Almighty；　yet　does　it　want　sixty　cubits　of　its
largeness　in　altitude；　for　so　much　did　that　first　temple　which
Solomon　built　exceed　this　temple；　nor　let　any　one　condemn　our
fathers　for　their　negligence　or　want　of　piety　herein；　for　it　was
not　their　fault　that　the　temple　was　no　higher；　for　they　were
Cyrus；　and　Darius　the　s