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第5章

the proposed territory of arizona(亚桑 那的预定疆界)-第5章


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when they can be transhipped to England at small cost。 Upwards of twenty 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



veins of copper ore have been opened; and the assays give results varying 

from 30 to 70 per cent。 These mines are owned by Messrs。 Hooper; Hinton; 

Halstead;      and   another。    Several    thousand     dollars    have    been    already 

expended in prospecting and opening veins; and it was anticipated by the 

proprietors that the first cargo would be shipped to Swansea; England; this 

year。 

     Smelting works will eventually be built at the mines; or at Colorado 

City;  opposite   Fort Yuma;   and the   profits   of this   company  must   be   very 

great。 The vicinity of the Colorado; and the abundance of wood and water; 

give the proprietors facilities for conducting their operations at small cost。 

     Silver mining is also carried on in the vicinity of Mesilla Valley; and 

near the Rio Grande。 Many other mining operations are constantly being 

commenced;        but   the  depredations     of  the   Apache     Indians   have   almost 

entirely    snatched    success    from    the  hard…working       miner;   who;    besides 

losing    his   all;  is  often   massacred     in   some    ferocious    manner。    孨    o 

protection; either civil or military; is extended over the greater portion of 

Arizona。 This checks the development of all her resourcesnot only to her 

own injury; but that of California and the Atlantic Statesby withholding a 

market   for   their   productions;   and   the   bullion   which   she   is   fully   able   to 

supply to an extent corresponding to the labor employed in obtaining it。 

     A。  B。  Gray;  Esq。;   late   U。  S。  Surveyor   under  the  treaty  of   Guadalupe 

Hidalgo; for running the Mexican Boundary; and subsequently Exploring 

Engineer   and   Surveyor   of   the   Southern   Pacific   Railroad;   has   probably 

seen more of the proposed Territory of Arizona than any other person; his 

statements in reference to that region; embodied in a report to the Hon。; 

the   Secretary  of   the   Interior;   from  actual   field reconnoissances six   years 

ago; will be read with much interest; particularly as since then; repeated 

developments in that country have proved the correctness of his judgment; 

his opinions are; therefore; of much importance; as expressed in his able 

report。 It will be recollected that this was then Mexican Territory。 Colonel 

Gray says: 

     〃The public; I think have been misled by misrepresentations made in 

regard to the resources of the region of country lying along the Gila and 

upon the line proposed for a railroad at or near the parallel of 32 degrees 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



north latitude。 That portion of country east of the Rio Grande I can say but 

little   of   from   personal   observation;   having   been   over   but   apart   of   the 

ground   near   the   eastern   division   in   Texas;   and   that   in   the   vicinity   of   El 

Paso。 At both these points; however; a fine country exists。 Upon the Gila 

river grows cotton of the most superior kind。 Its nature is not unlike that of 

the celebrated Sea Island cotton; possessing an equally fine texture; and; if 

anything;   more   of   a   silky   fibre。   The   samples   I   procured   at   the   Indian 

villages;   from   the   rudely   cultivated   fields   of   the   Pimas   and   Maricopas; 

have been spoken of as an extraordinary quality。 Wheat; corn; and tobacco; 

together with beans; melons; etc。; grow likewise upon the banks and in the 

valleys bordering the Gila and its tributaries。 The sugar cane; too; I believe; 

will be found to thrive in this section of the country west of the Rio San 

Pedro。 A sort of candied preserve and molasses; expressed from the fruit of 

the cereus giganteus and agave Americana was found by our party in 1851; 

as we passed through the Pinal Llano camps and among the Gila tribes; to 

be most acceptable。 The candied preserve was a most excellent substitute 

for sugar。 It is true that there are extensive wastes to be encountered west 

of the Rio Grande; yet they are not deserts of sand; but plains covered at 

certain seasons of the year with luxuriant grass; exhibiting green spots and 

springs   not   very  remote   from  each   other   at   all times。 There   is   sufficient 

water in the Gila and its branches for all the purposes of irrigation when it 

is wanted; the streams being high during the season most needed。 The Rio 

Salado; a tributary of the Gila; is a bold and far more beautiful river than 

the   Gila   itself;   and;   from   the   old   ruins   now   seen   there;   must   have   had 

formerly   a   large   settlement   upon   its   banks。   〃To   many   persons   merely 

travelling   or  emigrating   across   the country;  with   but   one  object   in   view; 

and that the  reaching their  destination   on   the Pacific;  the  country  would 

generally present a barren aspect。 But it will be recollected that the most 

productive fields in California; before American enterprise introduced the 

plough; and a different mode of cultivation from that of the natives of the 

country; presented somewhat similar appearance。 Many believed; at first; 

from the cold and sterile look of the hills; and the parched appearance of 

the    fields   and   valleys;    over   which     the  starving    coyote     is  often   seen 

prowling in search of something to subsist on; that California could never 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



become       an    agricultural     district;    but   must     depend      upon     her   other 

resources for greatness; and trust to distant regions for the necessaries of 

life required for her increased population。 It was natural enough; too; that 

this impression should be created in those accustomed to a different State 

of   things;   and   particularly  when   it   is   considered   that   the   very  season   of 

blossom and bloom of our Atlantic States was the winter of California; but 

these   same   fields   and   hills   have   a   very   different   appearance   in   January; 

February; and March; clothed as they are in the brightest verdure and no 

one now will pretend to say that California does not possess within herself 

great agricultural as well as mineral wealth。 This; I believe; will some day 

be the case with the country from the Rio Grande to the Gulf of California; 

adjacent to the Gila。 Senate Ex。 Doc。 No。 55; 33rd Congress; 2nd Session。〃 

     In speaking of the resources of this region for a railroad; in the same 

report; Gray says: 

     〃The valley of Mesilla; extending from about twelve miles above the 

true boundary of the treaty to the parallel of 32 degrees 22 minutes north 

latitude; lies wholly within the disputed district; and is; for its extent; one 

of the most beautiful and fertile along the whole course of the Rio Grande。 

The   town   of   Mesilla;   only   a   few   years   old;   contains   several   thousand 

people;  and   is   a prosperous   little   place。  It   was   not settled   until   after   the 

cession of this territory to us by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo。 Portions 

of the valley are highly cultivated; and produce the grains and fruits of our 

most   thriving   States。   In   connexion   with   the   land   on   the   east   side   of   the 

river;   the   valley   of   the   Messilla   is   capable   of   sustaining   a   considerable 

population。 It is situated centrally with regard to a large district of country 

of    lesser   agricultural    capacity。    The    section    of  the   Rio   Grande      in  the 

vicinity     of  El   Paso    

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