the narrative of the life-第4章
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the pampered slave of the rice swamps!
In reading your life; no one can say that we have
unfairly picked out some rare specimens of cruelty。
We know that the bitter drops; which even you have
drained from the cup; are no incidental aggravations;
no individual ills; but such as must mingle always
and necessarily in the lot of every slave。 They are the
essential ingredients; not the occasional results; of
the system。
After all; I shall read your book with trembling
for you。 Some years ago; when you were beginning
to tell me your real name and birthplace; you may
remember I stopped you; and preferred to remain
ignorant of all。 With the exception of a vague de…
scription; so I continued; till the other day; when
you read me your memoirs。 I hardly knew; at the
time; whether to thank you or not for the sight of
them; when I reflected that it was still dangerous;
in Massachusetts; for honest men to tell their names!
They say the fathers; in 1776; signed the Declaration
of Independence with the halter about their necks。
You; too; publish your declaration of freedom with
danger compassing you around。 In all the broad lands
which the Constitution of the United States over…
shadows; there is no single spot;however narrow or
desolate;where a fugitive slave can plant himself
and say; 〃I am safe。〃 The whole armory of North…
ern Law has no shield for you。 I am free to say that;
in your place; I should throw the MS。 into the fire。
You; perhaps; may tell your story in safety; en…
deared as you are to so many warm hearts by rare
gifts; and a still rarer devotion of them to the service
of others。 But it will be owing only to your labors;
and the fearless efforts of those who; trampling the
laws and Constitution of the country under their
feet; are determined that they will 〃hide the out…
cast;〃 and that their hearths shall be; spite of the
law; an asylum for the oppressed; if; some time or
other; the humblest may stand in our streets; and
bear witness in safety against the cruelties of which
he has been the victim。
Yet it is sad to think; that these very throbbing
hearts which welcome your story; and form your best
safeguard in telling it; are all beating contrary to the
〃statute in such case made and provided。〃 Go on;
my dear friend; till you; and those who; like you;
have been saved; so as by fire; from the dark prison…
house; shall stereotype these free; illegal pulses into
statutes; and New England; cutting loose from a
blood…stained Union; shall glory in being the house
of refuge for the oppressed;till we no longer merely
〃~hide~ the outcast;〃 or make a merit of standing idly
by while he is hunted in our midst; but; consecrat…
ing anew the soil of the Pilgrims as an asylum for the
oppressed; proclaim our WELCOME to the slave so
loudly; that the tones shall reach every hut in the
Carolinas; and make the broken…hearted bondman
leap up at the thought of old Massachusetts。
God speed the day!
~Till then; and ever;~
~Yours truly;~
~WENDELL PHILLIPS~
FREDERICK DOUGLASS。
Frederick Douglass was born in slavery as Fred…
erick Augustus Washington Bailey near Easton in
Talbot County; Maryland。 He was not sure of the
exact year of his birth; but he knew that it was 1817
or 1818。 As a young boy he was sent to Baltimore;
to be a house servant; where he learned to read and
write; with the assistance of his master's wife。 In
1838 he escaped from slavery and went to New York
City; where he married Anna Murray; a free colored
woman whom he had met in Baltimore。 Soon there…
after he changed his name to Frederick Douglass。
In 1841 he addressed a convention of the Massa…
chusetts Anti…Slavery Society in Nantucket and so
greatly impressed the group that they immediately
employed him as an agent。 He was such an impres…
sive orator that numerous persons doubted if he had
ever been a slave; so he wrote NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE
OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS。 During the Civil War he as…
sisted in the recruiting of colored men for the 54th
and 55th Massachusetts Regiments and consistently
argued for the emancipation of slaves。 After the war
he was active in securing and protecting the rights
of the freemen。 In his later years; at different times;
he was secretary of the Santo Domingo Commission;
marshall and recorder of deeds of the District of
Columbia; and United States Minister to Haiti。 His
other autobiographical works are MY BONDAGE AND
MY FREEDOM and LIFE AND TIMES OF FREDERICK
DOUGLASS; published in 1855 and 1881 respectively。
He died in 1895。
CHAPTER I
I was born in Tuckahoe; near Hillsborough; and
about twelve miles from Easton; in Talbot county;
Maryland。 I have no accurate knowledge of my age;
never having seen any authentic record containing it。
By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of
their ages as horses know of theirs; and it is the wish
of most masters within my knowledge to keep their
slaves thus ignorant。 I do not remember to have ever
met a slave who could tell of his birthday。 They
seldom come nearer to it than planting…time; harvest…
time; cherry…time; spring…time; or fall…time。 A want
of information concerning my own was a source of
unhappiness to me even during childhood。 The white
children could tell their ages。 I could not tell why I
ought to be deprived of the same privilege。 I was
not allowed to make any inquiries of my master con…
cerning it。 He deemed all such inquiries on the part
of a slave improper and impertinent; and evidence
of a restless spirit。 The nearest estimate I can give
makes me now between twenty…seven and twenty…
eight years of age。 I come to this; from hearing my
master say; some time during 1835; I was about
seventeen years old。
My mother was named Harriet Bailey。 She was
the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey; both col…
ored; and quite dark。 My mother was of a darker
complexion than either my grandmother or grand…
father。
My father was a white man。 He was admitted to
be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage。
The opinion was also whispered that my master was
my father; but of the correctness of this opinion; I
know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld
from me。 My mother and I were separated when I
was but an infantbefore I knew her as my mother。
It is a common custom; in the part of Maryland
from which I ran away; to part children from their
mothers at a very early age。 Frequently; before the
child has reached its twelfth month; its mother is
taken from it; and hired out on some farm a con…
siderable distance off; and the child is placed under
the care of an old woman; too old for field labor。
For what this separation is done; I do not know;
unless it be to hinder the development of the child's
affection toward its mother; and to blunt and destroy
the natural affection of the mother for the child。
This is the inevitable result。
I never saw my mother; to know her as such; more
than four or five times in my life; and each of these
times was very short in duration; and at night。 She
was hired by a Mr。 Stewart; who lived about twelve
miles from my home。 She made her journeys to see
me in the night; travelling the whole distance on
foot; after the performance of her day's work。 She
was a field hand; and a whipping is the penalty of
not being in the field at sunrise; unless a slave has
special permission from his or her master to the con…
trarya permission which they seldom get; and one
that gives to him that gives it the proud name of
being a kind master。 I do not recollect of ever seeing
my mother by the light of day。 She was with me in
the night。 She would lie down with me; and get me
to sleep; but