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the pampered slave of the rice swamps!

 

  In reading your life; no one can say that we have

unfairly picked out some rare specimens of cruelty。

We know that the bitter drops; which even you have

drained from the cup; are no incidental aggravations;

no individual ills; but such as must mingle always

and necessarily in the lot of every slave。  They are the

essential ingredients; not the occasional results; of

the system。

 

  After all; I shall read your book with trembling

for you。  Some years ago; when you were beginning

to tell me your real name and birthplace; you may

remember I stopped you; and preferred to remain

ignorant of all。  With the exception of a vague de…

scription; so I continued; till the other day; when

you read me your memoirs。  I hardly knew; at the

time; whether to thank you or not for the sight of

them; when I reflected that it was still dangerous;

in Massachusetts; for honest men to tell their names!

They say the fathers; in 1776; signed the Declaration

of Independence with the halter about their necks。

You; too; publish your declaration of freedom with

danger compassing you around。  In all the broad lands

which the Constitution of the United States over…

shadows; there is no single spot;however narrow or

desolate;where a fugitive slave can plant himself

and say; 〃I am safe。〃  The whole armory of North…

ern Law has no shield for you。  I am free to say that;

in your place; I should throw the MS。 into the fire。

 

  You; perhaps; may tell your story in safety; en…

deared as you are to so many warm hearts by rare

gifts; and a still rarer devotion of them to the service

of others。  But it will be owing only to your labors;

and the fearless efforts of those who; trampling the

laws and Constitution of the country under their

feet; are determined that they will 〃hide the out…

cast;〃 and that their hearths shall be; spite of the

law; an asylum for the oppressed; if; some time or

other; the humblest may stand in our streets; and

bear witness in safety against the cruelties of which

he has been the victim。

 

  Yet it is sad to think; that these very throbbing

hearts which welcome your story; and form your best

safeguard in telling it; are all beating contrary to the

〃statute in such case made and provided。〃  Go on;

my dear friend; till you; and those who; like you;

have been saved; so as by fire; from the dark prison…

house; shall stereotype these free; illegal pulses into

statutes; and New England; cutting loose from a

blood…stained Union; shall glory in being the house

of refuge for the oppressed;till we no longer merely

〃~hide~ the outcast;〃 or make a merit of standing idly

by while he is hunted in our midst; but; consecrat…

ing anew the soil of the Pilgrims as an asylum for the

oppressed; proclaim our WELCOME to the slave so

loudly; that the tones shall reach every hut in the

Carolinas; and make the broken…hearted bondman

leap up at the thought of old Massachusetts。

 

                 God speed the day!

 

                      ~Till then; and ever;~

                              ~Yours truly;~

                          ~WENDELL PHILLIPS~

 

  FREDERICK DOUGLASS。

 

 

  Frederick Douglass was born in slavery as Fred…

erick Augustus Washington Bailey near Easton in

Talbot County; Maryland。  He was not sure of the

exact year of his birth; but he knew that it was 1817

or 1818。  As a young boy he was sent to Baltimore;

to be a house servant; where he learned to read and

write; with the assistance of his master's wife。  In

1838 he escaped from slavery and went to New York

City; where he married Anna Murray; a free colored

woman whom he had met in Baltimore。  Soon there…

after he changed his name to Frederick Douglass。

In 1841 he addressed a convention of the Massa…

chusetts Anti…Slavery Society in Nantucket and so

greatly impressed the group that they immediately

employed him as an agent。  He was such an impres…

sive orator that numerous persons doubted if he had

ever been a slave; so he wrote NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE

OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS。  During the Civil War he as…

sisted in the recruiting of colored men for the 54th

and 55th Massachusetts Regiments and consistently

argued for the emancipation of slaves。  After the war

he was active in securing and protecting the rights

of the freemen。  In his later years; at different times;

he was secretary of the Santo Domingo Commission;

marshall and recorder of deeds of the District of

Columbia; and United States Minister to Haiti。  His

other autobiographical works are MY BONDAGE AND

MY FREEDOM and LIFE AND TIMES OF FREDERICK

DOUGLASS; published in 1855 and 1881 respectively。

He died in 1895。

 

 

 

                     CHAPTER I

 

 

  I was born in Tuckahoe; near Hillsborough; and

about twelve miles from Easton; in Talbot county;

Maryland。  I have no accurate knowledge of my age;

never having seen any authentic record containing it。

By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of

their ages as horses know of theirs; and it is the wish

of most masters within my knowledge to keep their

slaves thus ignorant。  I do not remember to have ever

met a slave who could tell of his birthday。  They

seldom come nearer to it than planting…time; harvest…

time; cherry…time; spring…time; or fall…time。  A want

of information concerning my own was a source of

unhappiness to me even during childhood。  The white

children could tell their ages。  I could not tell why I

ought to be deprived of the same privilege。  I was

not allowed to make any inquiries of my master con…

cerning it。  He deemed all such inquiries on the part

of a slave improper and impertinent; and evidence

of a restless spirit。  The nearest estimate I can give

makes me now between twenty…seven and twenty…

eight years of age。  I come to this; from hearing my

master say; some time during 1835; I was about

seventeen years old。

 

  My mother was named Harriet Bailey。  She was

the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey; both col…

ored; and quite dark。  My mother was of a darker

complexion than either my grandmother or grand…

father。

 

  My father was a white man。  He was admitted to

be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage。

The opinion was also whispered that my master was

my father; but of the correctness of this opinion; I

know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld

from me。  My mother and I were separated when I

was but an infantbefore I knew her as my mother。

It is a common custom; in the part of Maryland

from which I ran away; to part children from their

mothers at a very early age。  Frequently; before the

child has reached its twelfth month; its mother is

taken from it; and hired out on some farm a con…

siderable distance off; and the child is placed under

the care of an old woman; too old for field labor。

For what this separation is done; I do not know;

unless it be to hinder the development of the child's

affection toward its mother; and to blunt and destroy

the natural affection of the mother for the child。

This is the inevitable result。

 

  I never saw my mother; to know her as such; more

than four or five times in my life; and each of these

times was very short in duration; and at night。  She

was hired by a Mr。 Stewart; who lived about twelve

miles from my home。  She made her journeys to see

me in the night; travelling the whole distance on

foot; after the performance of her day's work。  She

was a field hand; and a whipping is the penalty of

not being in the field at sunrise; unless a slave has

special permission from his or her master to the con…

trarya permission which they seldom get; and one

that gives to him that gives it the proud name of

being a kind master。  I do not recollect of ever seeing

my mother by the light of day。  She was with me in

the night。  She would lie down with me; and get me

to sleep; but 

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