essays-1-第5章

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sants　and　other　inhabitants　in　the　most　peaceable　and　friendly　manner；　to　retire　to　their　quarters　very　early　in　the　evening；　and　above　all；　cautiously　to　avoid　disputes　and　quarrels　with　the　people　of　the　country。　　They　were　also　ordered　to　be　very　diligent　and　alert　in　making　their　daily　patroles　from　one　station　to　another；　to　apprehend　all　thieves　and　other　vagabonds　that　infested　the　country；　and　deliver　them　over　to　the　civil　magistrates；　to　apprehend　deserters；　and　conduct　them　from　station　to　station　to　their　regiments；to　conduct　all　prisoners　from　one　part　of　the　country　to　another；to　assist　the　civil　magistrate　in　the　execution　of　the　laws；　and　in　preserving　peace　and　order　in　the　country；　in　all　cases　where　they　should　be　legally　called　upon　for　that　purpose；to　perform　the　duty　of　messengers　in　carrying　government　dispatches　and　orders；　civil　as　well　as　military；　in　cases　of　emergency；　and　to　bring　accounts　to　the　capital；　by　express；　of　every　extraordinary　event　of　importance　that　happens　in　the　country；to　guard　the　frontiers；　and　assist　the　officers　of　the　revenue　in　preventing　smuggling；to　have　a　watchful　eye　over　all　soldiers　on　furlough　in　the　country；　and　when　guilty　of　excesses；　to　apprehend　them　and　transport　them　to　their　regiments；to　assist　the　inhabitants　in　case　of　fire；　and　particularly　to　guard　their　effects；　and　prevent　their　being　lost　of　stolen；　in　the　confusion　which　commonly　takes　place　on　those　occasions；to　pursue　and　apprehend　all　thieves；　robbers；　murderers；　and　other　malefactors；and　in　general；　to　lend　their　assistance　on　all　occasions　where　they　could　be　useful　in　maintaining　peace；　order；　and　tranquillity　in　the　country。

As　the　Sovereign　had　an　undoubted　right　to　quarter　his　troops　upon　the　inhabitants　when　they　were　employed　for　the　police　and　defence　of　the　country；　they　were　on　this　occasion　called　upon　to　provide　quarters　for　the　men　distributed　in　these　cantonments；　but　in　order　to　make　this　burden　as　light　as　possible　to　the　inhabitants；　they　were　only　called　upon　to　provide　quarters　for　the　non…commissioned　officers　and　privates；　and　instead　of　being　obliged　to　take　THESE　into　their　houses；　and　to　furnish　them　with　victuals　and　lodgings；　as　had　formerly　been　the　practice；　（and　which　was　certainly　a　great　hardship；）　a　small　house　or　barrack　for　the　men；　with　stabling　adjoining　to　it　for　the　horses；　was　built；　or　proper　lodgings　were　hired　by　the　civil　magistrate；　in　each　of　these　military　stations；　and　the　expense　was　levied　upon　the　inhabitants　at　large。　The　forage　for　the　horses　was　provided　by　the　regiments；　or　by　contractors　employed　for　that　purpose；　and　the　men；　being　furnished　with　a　certain　allowance　of　fire…wood；　and　the　necessary　articles　of　kitchen　furniture；　were　made　to　provide　for　their　own　subsistence；　by　purchasing　their　provisions　at　the　markets；　and　cooking　their　victuals　in　their　own　quarters。

The　officers　provided　their　own　lodgings　and　stabling；　being　allowed　a　certain　sum　for　that　purpose　in　addition　to　their　ordinary　pay。

The　whole　of　the　additional　expence　to　the　military　chest；　for　the　establishment　and　support　of　these　cantonments；　amounted　to　a　mere　trifle；　and　the　burden　upon　the　people；　which　attended　the　furnishing　of　quarters　for　the　non…commissioned　officers　and　privates；　was　very　inconsiderable；　and　bore　no　proportion　to　the　advantages　derived　from　the　protection　and　security　to　their　persons　and　properties　afforded　by　these　troops＇4＇。

Not　only　this　cantonment　of　the　cavalry　was　carried　into　execution　as　a　preliminary　measure　to　the　taking　up　of　the　beggars　in　the　capital；　but　many　other　preparatives　were　also　made　for　that　undertaking。

As　considerable　sums　were　necessary　for　the　support　of　such　of　the　poor　as；　from　age　or　other　bodily　infirmities；　were　unable　by　their　industry　to　provide　for　their　own　subsistence；　and　as　there　were　no　public　funds　any　way　adequate　to　such　an　expence；　which　could　be　applied　to　this　use；　the　success　of　the　measure　depended　entirely　upon　the　voluntary　subscriptions　of　the　inhabitants；　and　in　order　to　induce　these　to　subscribe　liberally；　it　was　necessary　to　secure　their　approbation　of　the　plan；　and　their　confidence　in　those　who　were　chosen　to　carry　it　into　execution。　　And　as　the　number　of　beggars　was　so　great　in　Munich；　and　their　importunity　so　very　troublesome；　there　could　have　been　no　doubt　but　any　sensible　plan　for　remedying　this　evil　would　have　been　gladly　received　by　the　public；　but　they　had　been　so　often　disappointed　by　fruitless　attempts　from　time　to　time　made　for　that　purpose；　that　they　began　to　think　the　enterprize　quite　impossible；　and　to　consider　every　proposal　for　providing　for　the　poor；　and　preventing　mendicity；　as　a　mere　job。

Aware　of　this；　I　took　my　measures　accordingly。　To　convince　the　public　that　the　scheme　was　feasible；　I　determined　first；　by　a　great　exertion；　to　carry　it　into　complete　execution；　and　THEN　to　ask　them　to　support　it。　　And　to　secure　their　confidence　in　those　employed　in　the　management　of　it；　persons　of　the　highest　rank；　and　most　respected　character　were　chosen　to　superintend　and　direct　the　affairs　of　the　institution；　and　every　measure　was　taken　that　could　be　devised　to　prevent　abuses。

Two　principle　objects　were　to　be　attended　to；　in　making　these　arrangements；　the　first　was　to　furnish　suitable　employment　to　such　of　the　poor　as　were　able　to　work；　and　the　second；　to　provide　the　necessary　assistance　for　those　who；　from　age；　sickness；　or　other　bodily　infirmities；　were　unable　by　their　industry　to　provide　for　themselves。　　A　general　system　of　police　was　likewise　necessary　among　this　class　of　miserable　beings；　as　well　as　measures　for　reclaiming　them；　and　making　them　useful　subjects。　The　police　of　the　poor；　as　also　the　distribution　of　alms；　and　all　the　economical　details　of　the　institution；　were　put　under　the　direction　of　a　committee；　composed　of　the　president　of　the　council　of　war；the　president　of　the　council　of　supreme　regency；the　president　of　the　ecclesiastical　council；and　the　president　of　the　chamber　of　finances；　and　to　assist　them　in　this　work；　each　of　the　above…mentioned　presidents　was　accompanied　by　one　counsellor　of　his　respective　department；　at　his　own　choice；　who　was　present　at　all　the　meetings　of　the　committee；　and　who　performed　the　more　laborious　parts　of　the　business。　This　committee；　which　was　called　The　Armen　Instituts　Deputation；　had　convenient　apartments　fitted　up　for　its　meetings；　a　secretary；　clerk；　and　accountant；　were　appointed　to　it；　and　the　ordinary　guards　of　the　police　were　put　under　its　immediate　direction。

Neither　the　presidents　nor　the　counsellors　belonging　to　this　committee　received　any　pay　or　emolument　whatever　for　this　service；　but　took　upon　themselves　this　trouble　merely　from　motives　of　humanity；　and　a　generous　desire　to　promote　the　public　good；　and　even　the　secretary；　and　other　inferior　officers　employed　in　this　business；　received　their　pay　immediately　from　the　Treasury；　or　from　some　other　department；　and　not　from　the　funds　destined　for　the　relief　of　the　poor：　and　in　order　most　effectually　remove　all　suspicion　with　respect　to　the　management　of　this　business；　and　the　faithful　application　of　the　money　destined　for　the　poor；　instead　of　appointing　a　Treasurer　to　the　committee；　a　public　banker　of　the　town；　a　most　respectable　citizen＇5＇；　was　named　to　receive　and　pay　all　monies　belonging　to　the　institution；　upon　the　written　orders　of　the　committee；　and　exact　and　detailed　accounts　of　all　monies　received　and　expended　were　ordered　to　be　printed　every　three　months；　and　distributed　gratis　among　the　inhabitants。

In　order　that　every　citizen　might　have　it　in　his　power　to　assure　himself　that　the　accounts　were　exact；　and　that　the　sums　expended　were　bona　fide　given　to　the　poor　in　alms；　the　money　was　publicly　distributed　every　Saturday　in　the　town…hall；　in　the　presence　of　a　number　of　deputies　chosen　from　among　the　citizens　themselves；　and　an　alphabetical　list　of　the　poor　who　received　alms；in　which　was　mentioned　the　weekly　sum　each　person　received；and　the　place　of　his　or　her　abode；　was　hung　up　in　the　hall　for　public　inspection。

But　this　was　not　all。　　In　order　to　fix　the　confidence　of　the　public　upon　the　most　firm　and　immoveable　basis；　and　to　engage　their　good　will　and