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                   Palace of the Alhambra。



  TO THE traveller imbued with a feeling for the historical and

poetical; so inseparably intertwined in the annals of romantic

Spain; the Alhambra is as much an object of devotion as is the Caaba

to all true Moslems。 How many legends and traditions; true and

fabulous; how many songs and ballads; Arabian and Spanish; of love and

war and chivalry; are associated with this oriental pile! It was the

royal abode of the Moorish kings; where; surrounded with the splendors

and refinements of Asiatic luxury; they held dominion over what they

vaunted as a terrestrial paradise; and made their last stand for

empire in Spain。 The royal palace forms but a part of a fortress;

the walls of which; studded with towers; stretch irregularly round the

whole crest of a hill; a spur of the Sierra Nevada or Snowy Mountains;

and overlook the city; externally it is a rude congregation of

towers and battlements; with no regularity of plan nor grace of

architecture; and giving little promise of the grace and beauty

which prevail within。

  In the time of the Moors the fortress was capable of containing

within its outward precincts an army of forty thousand men; and served

occasionally as a strong…hold of the sovereigns against their

rebellious subjects。 After the kingdom had passed into the hands of

the Christians; the Alhambra continued to be a royal demesne; and

was occasionally inhabited by the Castilian monarchs。 The emperor

Charles V commenced a sumptuous palace within its walls; but was

deterred from completing it by repeated shocks of earthquakes。 The

last royal residents were Philip V and his beautiful queen; Elizabetta

of Parma; early in the eighteenth century。 Great preparations were

made for their reception。 The palace and gardens were placed in a

state of repair; and a new suite of apartments erected; and

decorated by artists brought from Italy。 The sojourn of the sovereigns

was transient; and after their departure the palace once more became

desolate。 Still the place was maintained with some military state。 The

governor held it immediately from the crown; its jurisdiction extended

down into the suburbs of the city; and was independent of the

captain…general of Granada。 A considerable garrison was kept up; the

governor had his apartments in the front of the old Moorish palace;

and never descended into Granada without some military parade。 The

fortress; in fact; was a little town of itself; having several streets

of houses within its walls; together with a Franciscan convent and a

parochial church。

  The desertion of the court; however; was a fatal blow to the

Alhambra。 Its beautiful halls became desolate; and some of them fell

to ruin; the gardens were destroyed; and the fountains ceased to play。

By degrees the dwellings became filled with a loose and lawless

population; contrabandistas; who availed themselves of its independent

jurisdiction to carry on a wide and daring course of smuggling; and

thieves and rogues of all sorts; who made this their place of refuge

whence they might depredate upon Granada and its vicinity。 The

strong arm of government at length interfered; the whole community was

thoroughly sifted; none were suffered to remain but such as were of

honest character; and had legitimate right to a residence; the greater

part of the houses were demolished and a mere hamlet left; with the

parochial church and the Franciscan convent。 During the recent

troubles in Spain; when Granada was in the hands of the French; the

Alhambra was garrisoned by their troops; and the palace was

occasionally inhabited by the French commander。 With that

enlightened taste which has ever distinguished the French nation in

their conquests; this monument of Moorish elegance and grandeur was

rescued from the absolute ruin and desolation that were overwhelming

it。 The roofs were repaired; the saloons and galleries protected

from the weather; the gardens cultivated; the watercourses restored;

the fountains once more made to throw up their sparkling showers;

and Spain may thank her invaders for having preserved to her the

most beautiful and interesting of her historical monuments。

  On the departure of the French they blew up several towers of the

outer wall; and left the fortifications scarcely tenable。 Since that

time the military importance of the post is at an end。 The garrison is

a handful of invalid soldiers; whose principal duty is to guard some

of the outer towers; which serve occasionally as a prison of state;

and the governor; abandoning the lofty hill of the Alhambra; resides

in the centre of Granada; for the more convenient dispatch of his

official duties。 I cannot conclude this brief notice of the state of

the fortress without bearing testimony to the honorable exertions of

its present commander; Don Francisco de Serna; who is tasking all

the limited resources at his command to put the palace in a state of

repair; and by his judicious precautions; has for some time arrested

its too certain decay。 Had his predecessors discharged the duties of

their station with equal fidelity; the Alhambra might yet have

remained in almost its pristine beauty: were government to second

him with means equal to his zeal; this relic of it might still be

preserved for many generations to adorn the land; and attract the

curious and enlightened of every clime。

  Our first object of course; on the morning after our arrival; was

a visit to this time…honored edifice; it has been so often; however;

and so minutely described by travellers; that I shall not undertake to

give a comprehensive and elaborate account of it; but merely

occasional sketches of parts with the incidents and associations

connected with them。

  Leaving our posada; and traversing the renowned square of the

Vivarrambla; once the scene of Moorish jousts and tournaments; now a

crowded market…place; we proceeded along the Zacatin; the main

street of what; in the time of the Moors; was the Great Bazaar; and

where small shops and narrow alleys still retain the oriental

character。 Crossing an open place in front of the palace of the

captain…general; we ascended a confined and winding street; the name

of which reminded us of the chivalric days of Granada。 It is called

the Calle or street of the Gomeres; from a Moorish family famous in

chronicle and song。 This street led up to the Puerta de las

Granadas; a massive gateway of Grecian architecture; built by

Charles V; forming the entrance to the domains of the Alhambra。

  At the gate were two or three ragged superannuated soldiers;

dozing on a stone bench; the successors of the Zegris and the

Abencerrages; while a tall; meagre varlet; whose rusty…brown cloak was

evidently intended to conceal the ragged state of his nether garments;

was lounging in the sunshine and gossiping with an ancient sentinel on

duty。 He joined us as we entered the gate; and offered his services to

show us the fortress。

  I have a traveller's dislike to officious ciceroni; and did not

altogether like the garb of the applicant。

  〃You are well acquainted with the place; I presume?〃

  〃Ninguno mas; pues senor; soy hijo de la Alhambra。〃… (〃Nobody

better; in fact; sir; I am a son of the Alhambra!〃)

  The common Spaniards have certainly a most poetical way of

expressing themselves。 〃A son of the Alhambra!〃… the appellation

caught me at once; the very tattered garb of my new acquaintance

assumed a dignity in my eyes。 It was emblematic of the fortunes of the

place; and befitted the progeny of a ruin。

  I put some farther questions to him; and found that his title was

legitimate。 His family had lived in the fortress from generation to

generation ever since the time of the conquest。 His name was Mateo

Ximenes。 〃Then; perhaps;〃 said I; 〃you may be a descendant from the

great Cardinal Ximenes?〃… 〃Dios sabe! God knows; senor! It may be

so。 We are the oldest family in the Alhambra… Cristianos viejos; old

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