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Collé;〃 III。  232 (July; 1769)。



'67'。  De Loménie; 〃Beaumarchais et son temps; II。  304。



'68'。  De Luynes; XVL 161 (September; 1757)。  The village festival

given to King Stanislas; by Mme。  de Mauconseil at Bagatelle。  …

Bachaumont; III。  247 (September 7; 1767)。  Festival given by the Prince

de Condé。



'69'。  〃Correspondance;〃 by Métra; XIII。  97 (June 15; 1782); and V。

232 (June 24 and 25; 1777)。  …  Mme。  de Genlis 〃Mémoires;〃 chap。  XIV。



'70'。  Bachaumont; November 17; 1770。  …  〃Journal de Collé;〃 III。

136 (April 29; 1767)。  …  De Montlosier; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  43。  〃At the

residence of the Commandant (at Clermont) they would have been glad to

enlist me in private theatricals。〃



'71'。  〃Correspondance。〃 by Métra; II。  245 (Nov。  18。  1775)。



'72'。  Julien。  〃Histoire du Théatre de Madame de Pompadour。〃 These

representations last seven years and cost during the winter alone of

1749; 300;000 livres。  …  De Luynes; X。  45。  …  Mme。  de Hausset; 230。



'73'。  Mme。  Campan; I。  130。  …  Cf。  with caution; the Mémoires; are

suspect; as they have been greatly modified and arranged by Fleury。  …

De Goncourt; 114。



74。  Jules Cousin; 〃 Le Comte de Clermont;〃 p。21。  …  Mme。  de

Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃 chap。  3 and 11。  …  De Goncourt; 114。



'75'。  Bachaumont; III。  343 (February 23; 1768) and IV。  174; III。

232。  …  〃Journal d Collé;〃 passim。  …  Collé; Laujon and Poisinet are

the principal purveyors for these displays; the only one of merit is

〃La Verité dans le Vin。〃 In this piece instead of 〃Mylord。〃 there was

at first the 〃bishop of Avranches;〃 and the piece was thus performed

at Villers…Cotterets in the house of the Duc d'Orléans。



'76'。  Mme。  d'Oberkirk; II。  82。  …  On the tone of the best society

see 〃Correspondance〃 by Métra; I。  50; III。  68; and Bezenval (Ed。

Barrière) 387 to 394。



'77'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Adèle et Théodore;〃 II。  362。



'78'。  George Sand; I。  85。  〃At my grandmother's I have found boxes

full of couplets; madrigals and biting satires。。。。  I burned some of

them so obscene that I would not dare read them through; and these

written by abbés I had known to my infancy and by a marquis of the

best blood。〃 Among other examples; toned down; the songs on the Bird

and the Shepherdess; may be read in 〃Correspondance;〃 by Métra。







CHAPTER III。  DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE。



I。



Its Barrenness and Artificiality。  … Return to Nature and sentiment。



MERE pleasure; in the long run; ceases to gratify; and however

agreeable this drawing room life may be; it ends in a certain

hollowness。  Something is lacking without any one being able to say

precisely what that something is; the soul becomes restless; and

slowly; aided by authors and artists; it sets about investigating the

cause of its uneasiness and the object of its secret longings。

Barrenness and artificiality are the two traits of this society; the

more marked because it is more complete; and; in this one; pushed to

extreme; because it has attained to supreme refinement。  In the first

place naturalness is excluded from it; everything is arranged and

adjusted; … decoration; dress; attitude; tone of voice; words; ideas

and even sentiments。  〃A genuine sentiment is so rare;〃 said M。 de V

; 〃that; when I leave Versailles; I sometimes stand still in the

street to see a dog gnaw a bone。〃'1' Man; in abandoning himself wholly

to society; had withheld no portion of his personality for himself

while decorum; clinging to him like so much ivy; had abstracted from

him the substance of his being and subverted every principle of

activity。



〃There was then;〃 says one who was educated in this style;'2' 〃a

certain way of walking; of sitting down; of saluting; of picking up a

glove; of holding a fork; of tendering any article; in short; a

complete set of gestures and facial expressions; which children had to

be taught at a very early age in order that habit might become a

second nature; and this conventionality formed so important an item in

the life of men and women in aristocratic circles that the actors of

the present day; with all their study; are scarcely able to give us an

idea of it。〃



 Not only was the outward factitious but; again; the inward; there

was a certain prescribed mode of feeling and of thinking; of living

and of dying。  It was impossible to address a man without placing

oneself at his orders; or a woman without casting oneself at her feet;

Fashion; 'le bon ton;' regulated every important or petty proceeding;

the manner of making a declaration to a woman and of breaking an

engagement; of entering upon and managing a duel; of treating an

equal; an inferior and a superior。  If any one failed in the slightest

degree to conform to this code of universal custom; he is called 〃a

specimen。〃 A man of heart or of talent; D'Argenson; for example; bore

a surname of 〃simpleton;〃 because his originality transcended the

conventional standard。  〃That has no name; there is nothing like it!〃

embodies the strongest censure。  In conduct as in literature; whatever

departs from a certain type is rejected。  The quantity of authorized

actions is as great as the number of authorized words。  The same super…

refined taste impoverishes the initiatory act as well as the

initiatory expression; people acting as they write; according to

acquired formulas and within a circumscribed circle。  Under no

consideration can the eccentric; the unforeseen; the spontaneous;

vivid inspiration be accepted。  Among twenty instances I select the

least striking since it merely relates to a simple gesture; and is a

measure of other things。  Mademoiselle de … obtains; through family

influence; a pension for Marcel; a famous dancing…master; and runs

off; delighted; to his domicile to convey him the patent。  Marcel

receives it and at once flings it on the floor: 〃Mademoiselle; did I

teach you to offer an object in that manner? Pick up that paper and

hand it to me as you ought to。〃 She picks up the patent and presents

it to him with all suitable grace。  〃That's very well; Mademoiselle; I

accept it; although your elbow was not quite sufficiently rounded; and

I thank you。〃'3' So many graces end in becoming tiresome; after having

eaten rich food for years; a little milk and dry bread becomes

welcome。



Among all these social flavorings one is especially abused; one

which; unremittingly employed; communicates to all dishes its frigid

and piquant relish; I mean insincerity (badinage)。  Society does not

tolerate passion; and in this it exercises its right。  One does not

enter company to be either vehement or somber; a strained air or one

of concentration would appear inconsistent。  The mistress of a house is

always right in reminding a man that his emotional constraint brings

on silence。  〃Monsieur Such…a…one; you are not amiable to day。〃 To be

always amiable is; accordingly; an obligation; and; through this

training; a sensibility that is diffused through innumerable little

channels never produces a broad current。  〃One has a hundred friends;

and out of these hundred friends two or three may have some chagrin

every day; but one could not award them sympathy for any length of

time as; in that event; one would be wanting in consideration for the

remaining ninety…seven;〃'4' one might sigh for an instant with some

one of the ninety…seven; and that would be all。  Madame du Deffant;

having lost her oldest friend; the President Hénault; that very day

goes to sup in a large assemblage: 〃Alas;〃 she exclaimed; 〃he died at

six o'clock this evening; otherwise you would not see me here。〃 Under

this constant régime of distractions and diversions there are no

longer any profound sentiments; we have nothing but an epidermic

exterior; love itself is reduced to 〃the exchange of two fantasies。〃 …

And; as one always falls on the side to which one inclines; levity

becomes deliberate and a matter of 

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