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months she has no vacation。  After her bankruptcy; and in her exile;

the first thing done by the Princess de Guéménée was to send for

upholsterers to arrange a theater。  In short; as nobody went out in

Venice without a mask so here nobody comprehended life without the

masqueradings; metamorphoses; representations and triumphs of the

player。



The last trait I have to mention; yet more significant; is the

afterpiece。  Really; in this fashionable circle; life is a carnival as

free and almost as rakish as that of Venice。  The play commonly

terminates with a parade borrowed from La Fontaine's tales or from the

farces of the Italian drama; which are not only pointed but more than

free; and sometimes so broad that they cant be played only before

princes and courtesans;〃'75' a morbid palate; indeed; having no taste

for orgeat; instead demanding a dram。  The Duc d'Orléans sings on the

stage the most spicy songs; playing Bartholin in 〃Nicaise;〃 and Blaise

in 〃Joconde。〃 〃Le Marriage sans Curé;〃 〃Leandre grosse;〃 〃L'amant

poussif;〃 〃Leandre Etalon;〃 are the showy titles of the pieces

composed by Collé 〃for the amusement of His Highness and the Court。〃

For one which contains salt there are ten stuffed with strong pepper。

At Brunoy; at the residence of Monsieur; so gross are they'76' the

king regrets having attended; 〃nobody had any idea of such license;

two women in the auditorium had to go out; and; what is most

extraordinary; they had dared to invite the queen。〃  …  Gaiety is a

sort of intoxication which draws the cask down to the dregs; and when

the wine is gone it draws on the lees。  Not only at their little

suppers; and with courtesans; but in the best society and with ladies;

they commit the follies of a bagnio。  Let us use the right word; they

are blackguards; and the word is no more offensive to them than the

action。  〃For five or six months;〃 writes a lady in 1782;〃'77' 〃the

suppers are followed by a blind man's buff or by a draw…dance; and

they end in general mischievousness; (une polissonnerie générale)。〃

Guests are invited a fortnight in advance。  〃On this occasion they

upset the tables and the furniture; they scattered twenty caraffes of

water about the room; I finally got away at half…past one; wearied

out; pelted with handkerchiefs; and leaving Madame de Clarence hoarse;

with her dress torn to shreds; a scratch on her arm; and a bruise on

her forehead; but delighted that she had given such a gay supper and

flattered with the idea of its being the talk the next day。〃  …  This

is the result of a craving for amusement。  Under its pressure; as under

the sculptor's thumb; the face of the century becomes transformed and

insensibly loses its seriousness; the formal expression of the

courtier at first becomes the cheerful physiognomy of the worldling;

and then; on these smiling lips; their contours changed; we see the

bold; unbridled grin of the scamp。'78'

___________________________________________________________________



Notes:



'1'。  〃LA VIE DE SALON〃 is Taine's title。  In Le Robert & Collins'

Dictionary salon is translated as 〃lounge〃 (Brit。) sitting room;

living room; or (cercle littéraire) salon。



'2'。  De Loménie; 〃Beaumarchais et son temps;〃 I。  403。  Letter of

Beaumarchais; (Dec。  24; 1764。)  …  The travels of Mme。  d'Aulnoy and

the letters of Mme。  de Villars。  …  As to Italy see Stendhal; 〃Rome;

Naples et Florence。〃 … For Germany see the 〃Mémoires〃 of the Margrave

of Bareith; also of the Chevalier Lang。  …  For England see my

〃Histoire de la litérature Anglaise;〃 vols。  III。  IV。



'3'。  Volney; 〃Tableau du climat et du sol des Etats…Unis

d'Amérique。〃 The leading trait of the French Colonist when compared

with the colonists of other nations; is; according to this writer; the

craving for neighbors and conversation



'4'。  Mme。  de Caylus; 〃Souvenirs;〃 p。  108。



'5'。  St。  Simon; 461。



'6'。  Duc de Lévis; p。  321。



'7'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Souvenirs de Félicie;〃 p。  160。  … It is

important; however; to call attention to the old…fashioned royal

attitude under Louis XV and even Louis XVI。  〃Although I was advised;〃

says Alfieri; 〃that the king never addressed ordinary strangers; I

could not digest the Olympian…Jupiter look with which Louis XV

measured the person presented to him; from head to foot; with such an

impassible air; if a fly should be introduced to a giant; the giant;

after looking at him; would smile; or perhaps remark。  …  'What a

little mite!' In any event; if he said nothing; his face would express

it for him。〃 Alfieri; Mémoires;〃 I。138; 1768。  (Alfieri; Vittorio; born

in Asti in 1749 … ? Florence 1803。  Italian poet and playwright。  (SR。)

… See in Mme。  d'Oberkirk's 〃Mémoires。〃 (II。  349); the lesson

administered by Mme。  Royale; aged seven and a half years; to a lady

introduced to her。



'8'。  Champfort; 26; 55; Bachaumont; I。  136 (Sept 7;1762)。  One month

after the Parliament had passed a law against the Jesuits; little

Jesuits in wax appeared; with a snail for a base。  〃By means of a

thread the Jesuit was made to pop in and out from the shell。  It is all

the rage  …  here is no house without its Jesuit。〃



'9'。  On the other hand; the song on the battle of Rosbach is

charming。



'10'。  〃Correspondance secrète;〃 by Métra; Imbert; etc。; V。  277

(Nov。  17; 1777)。  …  Voltaire; 〃Princesse de Babylone。〃



'11'。  Baron de Bezenval; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。  206。  An anecdote related

by the Duke。



'12'。  Archives nationales; a report by M。 Texier (1780)。  A report

by M。 Mesnard de Chousy (01; 738)。



'13'。  〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; I。  277 (February

29。  1772)。



'14'。  De Luynes; XVII。  37 (August; 1758)。  …  D'Argenson; February

11; 1753。



'15'。  Archives nationales; 01; 738。  Various sums of interest are

paid: 12;969 francs to the baker; 39;631 francs to the wine merchant;

and 173;899 francs to the purveyor。



'16'。  Marquis de Mirabeau; 〃Traité de Population;〃 60。  …  〃Le

Gouvemement de Normandie;〃 by Hippeau; II。  204 (Sept。  30; 1780)。



'17'。  Mme。  de Larochejacquelein; 〃Mémoires;〃 p。  30。  …  Mme。

d'Oberkirk; II。  66。



'18'。  D'Argenson; January 26; 1753。



'19'。  George Sand; 〃Histoire de ma vie;〃 I。78。



'20'。  〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; I。  61 (March 18;

1777)。



21。  D'Argenson; January 26; 1753。



'22'。  〃Marie Antoinette;〃 III。  135; November 19; 1777。



'23'。  Barbier; IV。; 155。  The Marshal de Soubise had a hunting lodge

to which the king came from time to time to eat an omelet of

pheasants' eggs; costing 157 livres; 10 sous。  (Mercier; XII 192;

according to the statement of the cook who made it。)



'24'。  Mme。  d'Oberkirk; I。  129; II。  257。



'25'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Souvenirs de Félicie;〃 80; and 〃Théatre de

l'Education;〃 II。  367。  A virtuous young woman in ten months runs into

debt to the amount of 70;000 francs: 〃Ten louis for a small table; 15

louis for another; 800 francs for a bureau; 200 francs for a small

writing desk; 300 francs for a large one。  Hair rings; hair glass; hair

chain; hair bracelets; hair clasps; hair necklace; hair box; 9;900

francs;〃 etc。



'26'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Adèle et Théodore;〃 III。  14。



'27'。  Mme。  d'Avray; sister of Mme。  de Genlis; sets the example; for

which she is at first much criticized。



'28'。  〃When I arrived in France M。 de Choiseul's reign was just

over。  The woman who seemed nice to him; or could only please his

sister…in…law the Duchesse de Gramont; was sure of being able to

secure the promotion to colonel and lieutenant general of any man they

proposed。  Women were of consequence even in the eyes of the old and of

the clergy; they were thoroughly familiar; to an extraordinary degree;

with the march of events; they knew by heart the characters and habits

of the king's friends and ministers。  One of these; on returning to his

chateau from Versailles; i

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