the origins of contemporary france-1-第43章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
comprises the princes of the blood; the captains of the guards and
most of the grand…officers。〃 The same ceremony occurs with the chemise
as with the king's shirt。 One winter day Mme。 Campan offers the
chemise to the queen; when a lady of honor enters; removes her gloves
and takes the chemise in her hands。 A movement at the door and the
Duchess of Orleans comes in; takes off her gloves; and receives the
chemise。 Another movement and it is the Comtesse d'Artois whose
privilege it is to hand the chemise。 Meanwhile the queen sits there
shivering with her arms crossed on her breast and muttering; 〃It is
dreadful; what importunity! 〃 (Mme。 Campan; II。 217; III。 309…316)。
'43'。 〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; II。 223 (August
15; 1774)。
'44'。 Count D'Hézecques; ibid。; p。 7。
'45'。 Duc de Lauzun; 〃Mémoires;〃 51。 … Mme。 de Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃
ch。 XII。: 〃Our husbands; regularly on that day (Saturday) slept at
Versailles; to hunt the next day with the king。〃
'46'。 The State dinner takes place every Sunday。 … La nef is a
piece of plate at the center of the table containing between scented
cushions; the napkins used by the king。 … The essai is the tasting of
each dish by the gentlemen servants and officers of the table before
the king partakes of it。 And the same with the beverages。 … It
requires four persons to serve the king with a glass of wine and
water。
'47'。 When the ladies of the king's court; and especially the
princesses; pass before the king's bed they have to make an obeisance;
the palace officials salute the nef on passing that。 … A priest or
sacristan does the same thing on passing before the altar。
'48'。 De Luynes; IX; 75;79; 105。 (August; 1748; October 1748)。
'49'。 The king is at Marly; and here is a list of the excursions he
is to make before going to Compiègne。 (De Luynes; XIV; 163; May; 1755)
〃Sunday; June 1st; to Choisy until Monday evening。 … Tuesday; the
3rd to Trianon; until Wednesday。 … Thursday; the 5th; return to
Trianon where he will remain until after supper on Saturday。 …
Monday; the 9th; to Crécy; until Friday; 13th。 … Return to Crécy the
16th; until the 21st。 … St。 July 1st to la Muette; the 2nd; to
Compiègne。〃
'50'。 〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; I。 19 (July 12;
1770)。 I。 265 (January 23; 1771)。 I。 III。 (October 18; 1770)。
'51'。 Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; II; 270 (October
18; 1774)。 II; 395 (November 15; 1775)。 II; 295 (February 20; 1775)。
III; 25 (February 11; 1777)。 III; 119 (October 17; 1777)。 III; 409
(March 18; 1780)。
'52'。 Mme。 Campan; I。 147。
'53'。 Nicolardot; 〃Journal de Louis XVI;〃 129。
'54'。 D'Hézecques ibid。 253。 … Arthur Young; I。 215。
'55'。 List of pensions paid to members of the royal family in 1771。
Duc d'Orléans; 150;000。 Prince de Condé; 100;000。 Comte de Clermont;
70;000。 Duc de Bourbon; 60;000。 Prince de Conti; 60;000。 Comte de la
Marche; 60;000。 Dowager…Countess de Conti; 50;000。 Duc de Penthièvre;
50;000。 Princess de Lamballe; 50;000。 Duchess de Bourbon; 50;000。
(Archives Nationales。 O1。 710; bis)。
'56'。 Beugnot; I。 77。 Mme。 de Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃 ch。 XVII。 De
Goncourt; 〃La Femme au dix…huitième siècle;〃 52。 … Champfort;
〃Caractères et Anecdotes。〃
'57'。 De Luynes; XVI。 57 (May; 1757)。 In the army of Westphalia the
Count d'Estrées; commander…in…chief; had twenty…seven secretaries; and
Grimm was the twenty…eighth。 … When the Duc de Richelieu set out for
his government of Guyenne he was obliged to have relays of a hundred
horses along the entire road。
'58'。 De Luynes; XVI。 186 (October; 1757)。
'59'。 De Goncourt; ibid。; 73; 75。
'60'。 Mme。 d'Epinay; 〃Mémoires。〃 Ed。 Boiteau; I。 306 (1751)。
'61'。 St。 Simon; XII。 457; and Dangeau; VI。 408。 The Marshal de
Boufflers at the camp of Compiègne (September; 1698) had every night
and morning two tables for twenty and twenty…five persons; besides
extra tables; 72 cooks; 340 domestics; 400 dozens of napkins; 80
dozens of silver plates; 6 dozens of porcelain plates。 Fourteen relays
of horses brought fruits and liquors daily from Paris; every day an
express brought fish; poultry and game from Ghent; Brussels; Dunkirk;
Dieppe and Calais。 Fifty dozens bottles of wine were drunk on ordinary
days and eighty dozens during the visits of the king and the princes。
'62'。 De Luynes; XIV。 149。
'63'。 Abbé Georgel; 〃Mémoires;〃 216。
'64'。 Sainte…Beuve; 〃Causeries du lundi;〃 VIII。 63; the texts of
two witnesses; MM。 de Genlis and Roland。
'65'。 De Luynes; XV。 455; and XVI。 219 (1757)。 〃The Marshal de
Belle…Isle contracted an indebtedness amounting to 1;200;000 livres;
one…quarter of it for building great piles of houses for his own
pleasure and the rest in the king's service。 The king; to indemnify
him; gives him 400;000 livres on the salt revenue; and 80;000 livres
income on the company privileged to refine the precious metals。〃
'66'。 Report of fixed incomes and expenditures; May 1st; 1789; p。
633。 … These figures; it must be noted; must be doubled to have their
actual equivalent。
'67'。 Mme。 de Genlis; 〃Dict。 des Etiquettes;〃 I。 349。
'68'。 Barbier; 〃Journal;〃 III; 211 (December; 1750)。
'69'。 Aubertin; 〃L'Esprit public au dix…huitième siècle;〃 255。
'70'。 Mme。 de Genlis; 〃Adèle et Théodore。〃 III。 54。
'71'。 Duc de Lévis; 68。 The same thing is found; previous to the
late reform; in the English army。 … Cf。 Voltaire; 〃Entretiens entre A;
B; C;〃 15th entretien。 〃A regiment is not the reward for services but
rather for the sum which the parents of a young man advance in order
that he may go to the provinces for three months in the year and keep
open house。〃
'72'。 Beugnot; I。 79。
'73'。 Merlin de Thionville; 〃Vie et correspondances。〃 Account of
his visit to the chartreuse of Val St。 Pierre in Thierarche。
'74'。 Mme。 de Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃 ch。 7。
'75'。 Mme。 d'Oberkirk; I。 15。
'76'。 Mme。 de Genlis; 26; ch。 I。 Mme。 d'Oberkirk; I。 62。
'77'。 De Lauzun; 〃Mémoires;〃 257。
'78'。 Marquis de Valfons; 〃Mémoires;〃 60。 … De Lévis; 156。 … Mme。
d'Oberkirk; I; 127; II; 360。
'79'。 Beugnot; I; 71。 … Hippeau; 〃Le Gouvernement de Normandie;〃
passim。
'80'。 An occupation explained farther on; page 145。 … TR。
'81'。 Mme。 de Genlis; 〃 Mémoires;〃 passim。 〃Dict。 des Etiquettes;〃
I。 348。
'82'。 Mme。 d'Oberkirk; I。 395。 … The Baron and Baroness de
Sotenville in Molière are people well brought up although provincial
and pedantic。
CHAPTER II。 DRAWING ROOM LIFE。'1'
I。
Perfect only in France。 … Reasons for this derived from the French
character。 … Reasons derived from the tone of the court。 … This life
becomes more and more agreeable and absorbing。
Similar circumstances have led other aristocracies in Europe to
nearly similar ways and habits。 There also the monarchy has given
birth to the court and the court to a refined society。 But the
development of this rare plant has been only partial。 The soil was
unfavorable and the seed was not of the right sort。 In Spain; the king
stands shrouded in etiquette like a mummy in its wrappings; while a
too rigid pride; incapable of yielding to the amenities of the worldly
order of things; ends in a sentiment of morbidity and in insane
display。'2' In Italy; under petty despotic sovereigns; and most of
them strangers; the constant state of danger and of hereditary
distrust; after having tied all tongues; turns all hearts towards the
secret delights of love and towards the mute gratification of the fine
arts。 In Germany and in England; a cold temperament; dull and
rebellious to culture; keeps man; up to the close of the last century;
within the Germanic habits of solitude; inebriety and