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第43章

the origins of contemporary france-1-第43章

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comprises the princes of the blood; the captains of the guards and

most of the grand…officers。〃 The same ceremony occurs with the chemise

as with the king's shirt。  One winter day Mme。  Campan offers the

chemise to the queen; when a lady of honor enters; removes her gloves

and takes the chemise in her hands。  A movement at the door and the

Duchess of Orleans comes in; takes off her gloves; and receives the

chemise。  Another movement and it is the Comtesse d'Artois whose

privilege it is to hand the chemise。  Meanwhile the queen sits there

shivering with her arms crossed on her breast and muttering; 〃It is

dreadful; what importunity! 〃 (Mme。  Campan; II。  217; III。  309…316)。



'43'。  〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; II。  223 (August

15; 1774)。



'44'。  Count D'Hézecques; ibid。; p。  7。



'45'。  Duc de Lauzun; 〃Mémoires;〃 51。  … Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃

ch。  XII。: 〃Our husbands; regularly on that day (Saturday) slept at

Versailles; to hunt the next day with the king。〃



'46'。  The State dinner takes place every Sunday。  … La nef is a

piece of plate at the center of the table containing between scented

cushions; the napkins used by the king。  … The essai is the tasting of

each dish by the gentlemen servants and officers of the table before

the king partakes of it。  And the same with the beverages。  … It

requires four persons to serve the king with a glass of wine and

water。



'47'。  When the ladies of the king's court; and especially the

princesses; pass before the king's bed they have to make an obeisance;

the palace officials salute the nef on passing that。  … A priest or

sacristan does the same thing on passing before the altar。



'48'。  De Luynes; IX; 75;79; 105。  (August; 1748; October 1748)。



'49'。  The king is at Marly; and here is a list of the excursions he

is to make before going to Compiègne。  (De Luynes; XIV; 163; May; 1755)

〃Sunday; June 1st; to Choisy until Monday evening。  …  Tuesday; the

3rd to Trianon; until Wednesday。  …  Thursday; the 5th; return to

Trianon where he will remain until after supper on Saturday。  …

Monday; the 9th; to Crécy; until Friday; 13th。  …  Return to Crécy the

16th; until the 21st。  …  St。  July 1st to la Muette; the 2nd; to

Compiègne。〃



'50'。  〃Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; I。  19 (July 12;

1770)。  I。  265 (January 23; 1771)。  I。  III。  (October 18; 1770)。



'51'。  Marie Antoinette;〃 by d'Arneth and Geffroy; II; 270 (October

18; 1774)。  II; 395 (November 15; 1775)。  II; 295 (February 20; 1775)。

III; 25 (February 11; 1777)。  III; 119 (October 17; 1777)。  III; 409

(March 18; 1780)。



'52'。  Mme。  Campan; I。  147。



'53'。  Nicolardot; 〃Journal de Louis XVI;〃 129。



'54'。  D'Hézecques ibid。  253。  … Arthur Young; I。  215。



'55'。  List of pensions paid to members of the royal family in 1771。

Duc d'Orléans; 150;000。  Prince de Condé; 100;000。  Comte de Clermont;

70;000。  Duc de Bourbon; 60;000。  Prince de Conti; 60;000。  Comte de la

Marche; 60;000。  Dowager…Countess de Conti; 50;000。  Duc de Penthièvre;

50;000。  Princess de Lamballe; 50;000。  Duchess de Bourbon; 50;000。

(Archives Nationales。  O1。  710; bis)。



'56'。  Beugnot; I。  77。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃 ch。  XVII。  De

Goncourt; 〃La Femme au dix…huitième siècle;〃 52。  … Champfort;

〃Caractères et Anecdotes。〃



'57'。  De Luynes; XVI。  57 (May; 1757)。  In the army of Westphalia the

Count d'Estrées; commander…in…chief; had twenty…seven secretaries; and

Grimm was the twenty…eighth。  … When the Duc de Richelieu set out for

his government of Guyenne he was obliged to have relays of a hundred

horses along the entire road。



'58'。  De Luynes; XVI。  186 (October; 1757)。



'59'。  De Goncourt; ibid。; 73; 75。



'60'。  Mme。  d'Epinay; 〃Mémoires。〃 Ed。  Boiteau; I。  306 (1751)。



'61'。  St。  Simon; XII。  457; and Dangeau; VI。  408。  The Marshal de

Boufflers at the camp of Compiègne (September; 1698) had every night

and morning two tables for twenty and twenty…five persons; besides

extra tables; 72 cooks; 340 domestics; 400 dozens of napkins; 80

dozens of silver plates; 6 dozens of porcelain plates。  Fourteen relays

of horses brought fruits and liquors daily from Paris; every day an

express brought fish; poultry and game from Ghent; Brussels; Dunkirk;

Dieppe and Calais。  Fifty dozens bottles of wine were drunk on ordinary

days and eighty dozens during the visits of the king and the princes。



'62'。  De Luynes; XIV。  149。



'63'。  Abbé Georgel; 〃Mémoires;〃 216。



'64'。  Sainte…Beuve; 〃Causeries du lundi;〃 VIII。  63; the texts of

two witnesses; MM。 de Genlis and Roland。



'65'。  De Luynes; XV。  455; and XVI。  219 (1757)。  〃The Marshal de

Belle…Isle contracted an indebtedness amounting to 1;200;000 livres;

one…quarter of it for building great piles of houses for his own

pleasure and the rest in the king's service。  The king; to indemnify

him; gives him 400;000 livres on the salt revenue; and 80;000 livres

income on the company privileged to refine the precious metals。〃



'66'。  Report of fixed incomes and expenditures; May 1st; 1789; p。

633。  … These figures; it must be noted; must be doubled to have their

actual equivalent。



'67'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Dict。  des Etiquettes;〃 I。  349。



'68'。  Barbier; 〃Journal;〃 III; 211 (December; 1750)。



'69'。  Aubertin; 〃L'Esprit public au dix…huitième siècle;〃 255。



'70'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Adèle et Théodore。〃 III。  54。



'71'。  Duc de Lévis; 68。  The same thing is found; previous to the

late reform; in the English army。  … Cf。  Voltaire; 〃Entretiens entre A;

B; C;〃 15th entretien。  〃A regiment is not the reward for services but

rather for the sum which the parents of a young man advance in order

that he may go to the provinces for three months in the year and keep

open house。〃



'72'。  Beugnot; I。  79。



'73'。  Merlin de Thionville; 〃Vie et correspondances。〃 Account of

his visit to the chartreuse of Val St。  Pierre in Thierarche。



'74'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃Mémoires;〃 ch。  7。



'75'。  Mme。  d'Oberkirk; I。  15。



'76'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 26; ch。  I。  Mme。  d'Oberkirk; I。  62。



'77'。  De Lauzun; 〃Mémoires;〃 257。



'78'。  Marquis de Valfons; 〃Mémoires;〃 60。  … De Lévis; 156。  … Mme。

d'Oberkirk; I; 127; II; 360。



'79'。  Beugnot; I; 71。  … Hippeau; 〃Le Gouvernement de Normandie;〃

passim。



'80'。  An occupation explained farther on; page 145。  …  TR。



'81'。  Mme。  de Genlis; 〃 Mémoires;〃 passim。  〃Dict。  des Etiquettes;〃

I。  348。



'82'。  Mme。  d'Oberkirk; I。  395。  … The Baron and Baroness de

Sotenville in Molière are people well brought up although provincial

and pedantic。











CHAPTER II。  DRAWING ROOM LIFE。'1'



I。



Perfect only in France。  … Reasons for this derived from the French

character。  … Reasons derived from the tone of the court。  … This life

becomes more and more agreeable and absorbing。



Similar circumstances have led other aristocracies in Europe to

nearly similar ways and habits。  There also the monarchy has given

birth to the court and the court to a refined society。  But the

development of this rare plant has been only partial。  The soil was

unfavorable and the seed was not of the right sort。  In Spain; the king

stands shrouded in etiquette like a mummy in its wrappings; while a

too rigid pride; incapable of yielding to the amenities of the worldly

order of things; ends in a sentiment of morbidity and in insane

display。'2' In Italy; under petty despotic sovereigns; and most of

them strangers; the constant state of danger and of hereditary

distrust; after having tied all tongues; turns all hearts towards the

secret delights of love and towards the mute gratification of the fine

arts。  In Germany and in England; a cold temperament; dull and

rebellious to culture; keeps man; up to the close of the last century;

within the Germanic habits of solitude; inebriety and

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