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dans tons ces cas; il se tuurmente et s'échauffe; en sorte que c'est

une vraie misère que toutes ces cérémonies。〃



(Madame de Genlis; 〃Souvenirs de Félicie;〃 p。74。  Conversation with

Madame Louise; daughter of Louis XV。; and recently become a

Carmelite)。



〃I should like to know what troubled you most in getting accustomed

to your new profession?



〃You could never imagine;〃 she replied; smiling。  〃It was the

descent of a small flight of steps alone by myself。  At first it seemed

to me a dreadful precipice; and I was obliged to sit down on the steps

and slide down in that attitude。〃   … 〃A princess; indeed; who had

never descended any but the grand staircase at Versailles; leaning on

the arm of her cavalier in waiting and surrounded by pages;

necessarily trembled on finding herself alone on the brink of steep

winding steps。  (Such is) the education; so absurd in many respects;

generally bestowed on persons of this rank; always watched from

infancy; followed; assisted; escorted and everything anticipated;

(they) are thus; in great part; deprived of the faculties with which

nature has endowed them。〃







Madame Campan; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  58; 28。



〃Madame Louise often told me that; although twelve years of age;

she had not fully learned the alphabet。  。  。  。



〃It was necessary to decide absolutely whether a certain water…bird

was fat or lean。  Madame Victoire consulted a bishop。  。  。  。  He replied

that; in a doubt of this kind; after having the bird cooked it would

be necessary to puncture it on a very cold silver dish and; if the

juice coagulated in one…quarter of an hour; the bird might be

considered fat。  Madame Victoire immediately put it to test; the juice

did not coagulate。  The princess was highly delighted; as she was very

fond of this species of game。  Fasting (on religious grounds); to which

Madame Victoire was addicted; put her to inconvenience; accordingly

she awaited the midnight stroke of Holy Saturday impatiently。  A dish

of chicken and rice and other succulent dishes were then at once

served up。〃



(〃Journal de Dumont d'Urville;〃 commanding the vessel on which

Charles X。  left France in 1830。  Quoted by Vaulabelle; History of the

Restoration; VIII。  p。465)。



〃The king and the Duc d'Angoulême questioned me on my various

campaigns; but especially on my voyage around the world in the

'Astrolabe。' My narrative seemed to interest them very much; their

interruptions consisting of questions of remarkable naiveté; showing

that they possessed no notions whatever; even the most superficial; on

the sciences or on voyages; being as ignorant on these points as any

of the old rentiers of the Marais。





                               Note 5。

                     On the rate of direct taxation。



The following figures are extracted from the proces…verbaux of the provincial assemblies (1778…1787)



______________________________________________________________________

                               Access…                           Total en

                     Taille。   iores de   Capitation Impot des  multiples

                               la taille。 taillable。 routes。 de la taille。



__________________________________________________________________________

Ile…de…France;        4;296;040  2;207;826  2;689;287   519;989     2;23

Lyonnais;             1;356;954    903;653    898;089   315;869     2;61

Géneralité de Rouen;  2;671;939  1;595;051  1;715;592   598;258'1'  2;46

Généralité de Caen;   1;939;665  1;212;429  1;187;823   659;034     2;56

Berry;                  821;921    448;431    464;955   236;900     2;50

Poitou;               2;309;681  1;113;766  1;403;402   520;000     2;30

Soissonnats;          1;062;392    911;883    734;899   462;883     2;94

Orléanais;            2;353;892  1;256;125  1;485;720   586;385     2;34

Champagne;            1;783;850  1;459;780  1;377;371   807;280     3;00

Généralité d'Alencon; 1;742;655  1;120;041  1;067;849   435;637     2;47

Auvergne              1;999;040  1;399;678  1;753;026   310;468     2;70

Généralité d'Auch;    1;440;533    931;261    797;268   316;909'2'  2;35

Haute…Guyenne;        2;531;314  1;267;619  1;268;855   308;993'3'  2;47

_______________________________________________________________________







The principal of the taille being one; the figures in the last

column represent; for each province; the total of the four taxes in

relation to the taille。  The average of all these is 2。53。  The

accessories of the taille; the poll…tax and the tax for roads; are

fixed for each assessable party; pro rata to his taille。  Multiply the

sum representing the portion of the taille deducted from a net income

by 2。53; to know the sum of the four taxes put together and deducted

from this income。

This part varies from province to province; from parish to parish;

and even from individual to individual。  Nevertheless we may estimate

that the taille; on the average; especially when bearing on a small

peasant proprietor; without protector or influence; abstracts one…

sixth of his net income; say 16 fr。  66 c。  on 100 francs。  For example;

according to the declarations of the provincial assemblies; in

Champagne; it deducts 3 sous and 2/3 of a denier per livre; or 15 fr。

28 c。  on 100 francs; in the Ile…de…France; 35 livres 14 sous on 240

livres; or 14 fr。  87 c。  on 100; in Auvergne; 4 sous per livre of the

net income; that is to say; 20 %。  Finally; in the generalship of Auch;

the provincial assembly estimates that the taille and accessories

absorb three…tenths of the net revenue; by which it is evident that;

taking the amounts of the provincial budget; the taille alone absorbs

eighteen fr。  ten c。  on 100 francs of revenue。

Thus stated; if the taille as principal absorbs one…sixth of the

net income of the subject of the taille; that is to say; 16 fr。  66 c。

on 100; the total of the four taxes above mentioned; takes 16 fr。  66

c。  X 2;53 = 42 fr。  15 c。  on 100 fr。  income。  To which must be added 11

fr。  for the two vingtièmes and 4 sous per livre added to the first

vingtième; total 53 fr。  15 c。  direct tax on 100 livres income subject

to the taille。

The dime; tithe; being estimated at a seventh of the net income;

abstracts in addition 14 ft。  28 c。  The feudal dues being valued at the

same sum also take off 14 fr。  28 c。; total 28 fr。  56 c。

Sum total of deductions of the direct royal tax; of the

ecclesiastic tithes; and of feudal dues; 81 fr。  71c。  on 100 fr。

income。  There remain to the tax。  payer 18 fr。  29 C。

_____________________________________________________________________



Notes:

'1' This amount is not given by the provincial assembly; to fill up

this blank I have taken the tenth of the taille; of the accessories

and of the assessable poll…tax; this being the mode followed by the

provincial assembly of Lyonnais。  By the declaration of June 2; 1717;

the tax on roads may be carried to one…sixth of the three preceding

taxes it is commonly one…tenth or; in relation to the principal of the

taille; one…quarter。

'2' … Same remark。  …

'3' The provincial assembly carries this amount to one…eleventh of

the taille and accessories combined。











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