the origins of contemporary france-1-第140章
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dans tons ces cas; il se tuurmente et s'échauffe; en sorte que c'est
une vraie misère que toutes ces cérémonies。〃
(Madame de Genlis; 〃Souvenirs de Félicie;〃 p。74。 Conversation with
Madame Louise; daughter of Louis XV。; and recently become a
Carmelite)。
〃I should like to know what troubled you most in getting accustomed
to your new profession?
〃You could never imagine;〃 she replied; smiling。 〃It was the
descent of a small flight of steps alone by myself。 At first it seemed
to me a dreadful precipice; and I was obliged to sit down on the steps
and slide down in that attitude。〃 … 〃A princess; indeed; who had
never descended any but the grand staircase at Versailles; leaning on
the arm of her cavalier in waiting and surrounded by pages;
necessarily trembled on finding herself alone on the brink of steep
winding steps。 (Such is) the education; so absurd in many respects;
generally bestowed on persons of this rank; always watched from
infancy; followed; assisted; escorted and everything anticipated;
(they) are thus; in great part; deprived of the faculties with which
nature has endowed them。〃
Madame Campan; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 58; 28。
〃Madame Louise often told me that; although twelve years of age;
she had not fully learned the alphabet。 。 。 。
〃It was necessary to decide absolutely whether a certain water…bird
was fat or lean。 Madame Victoire consulted a bishop。 。 。 。 He replied
that; in a doubt of this kind; after having the bird cooked it would
be necessary to puncture it on a very cold silver dish and; if the
juice coagulated in one…quarter of an hour; the bird might be
considered fat。 Madame Victoire immediately put it to test; the juice
did not coagulate。 The princess was highly delighted; as she was very
fond of this species of game。 Fasting (on religious grounds); to which
Madame Victoire was addicted; put her to inconvenience; accordingly
she awaited the midnight stroke of Holy Saturday impatiently。 A dish
of chicken and rice and other succulent dishes were then at once
served up。〃
(〃Journal de Dumont d'Urville;〃 commanding the vessel on which
Charles X。 left France in 1830。 Quoted by Vaulabelle; History of the
Restoration; VIII。 p。465)。
〃The king and the Duc d'Angoulême questioned me on my various
campaigns; but especially on my voyage around the world in the
'Astrolabe。' My narrative seemed to interest them very much; their
interruptions consisting of questions of remarkable naiveté; showing
that they possessed no notions whatever; even the most superficial; on
the sciences or on voyages; being as ignorant on these points as any
of the old rentiers of the Marais。
…
Note 5。
On the rate of direct taxation。
The following figures are extracted from the proces…verbaux of the provincial assemblies (1778…1787)
______________________________________________________________________
Access… Total en
Taille。 iores de Capitation Impot des multiples
la taille。 taillable。 routes。 de la taille。
__________________________________________________________________________
Ile…de…France; 4;296;040 2;207;826 2;689;287 519;989 2;23
Lyonnais; 1;356;954 903;653 898;089 315;869 2;61
Géneralité de Rouen; 2;671;939 1;595;051 1;715;592 598;258'1' 2;46
Généralité de Caen; 1;939;665 1;212;429 1;187;823 659;034 2;56
Berry; 821;921 448;431 464;955 236;900 2;50
Poitou; 2;309;681 1;113;766 1;403;402 520;000 2;30
Soissonnats; 1;062;392 911;883 734;899 462;883 2;94
Orléanais; 2;353;892 1;256;125 1;485;720 586;385 2;34
Champagne; 1;783;850 1;459;780 1;377;371 807;280 3;00
Généralité d'Alencon; 1;742;655 1;120;041 1;067;849 435;637 2;47
Auvergne 1;999;040 1;399;678 1;753;026 310;468 2;70
Généralité d'Auch; 1;440;533 931;261 797;268 316;909'2' 2;35
Haute…Guyenne; 2;531;314 1;267;619 1;268;855 308;993'3' 2;47
_______________________________________________________________________
The principal of the taille being one; the figures in the last
column represent; for each province; the total of the four taxes in
relation to the taille。 The average of all these is 2。53。 The
accessories of the taille; the poll…tax and the tax for roads; are
fixed for each assessable party; pro rata to his taille。 Multiply the
sum representing the portion of the taille deducted from a net income
by 2。53; to know the sum of the four taxes put together and deducted
from this income。
This part varies from province to province; from parish to parish;
and even from individual to individual。 Nevertheless we may estimate
that the taille; on the average; especially when bearing on a small
peasant proprietor; without protector or influence; abstracts one…
sixth of his net income; say 16 fr。 66 c。 on 100 francs。 For example;
according to the declarations of the provincial assemblies; in
Champagne; it deducts 3 sous and 2/3 of a denier per livre; or 15 fr。
28 c。 on 100 francs; in the Ile…de…France; 35 livres 14 sous on 240
livres; or 14 fr。 87 c。 on 100; in Auvergne; 4 sous per livre of the
net income; that is to say; 20 %。 Finally; in the generalship of Auch;
the provincial assembly estimates that the taille and accessories
absorb three…tenths of the net revenue; by which it is evident that;
taking the amounts of the provincial budget; the taille alone absorbs
eighteen fr。 ten c。 on 100 francs of revenue。
Thus stated; if the taille as principal absorbs one…sixth of the
net income of the subject of the taille; that is to say; 16 fr。 66 c。
on 100; the total of the four taxes above mentioned; takes 16 fr。 66
c。 X 2;53 = 42 fr。 15 c。 on 100 fr。 income。 To which must be added 11
fr。 for the two vingtièmes and 4 sous per livre added to the first
vingtième; total 53 fr。 15 c。 direct tax on 100 livres income subject
to the taille。
The dime; tithe; being estimated at a seventh of the net income;
abstracts in addition 14 ft。 28 c。 The feudal dues being valued at the
same sum also take off 14 fr。 28 c。; total 28 fr。 56 c。
Sum total of deductions of the direct royal tax; of the
ecclesiastic tithes; and of feudal dues; 81 fr。 71c。 on 100 fr。
income。 There remain to the tax。 payer 18 fr。 29 C。
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes:
'1' This amount is not given by the provincial assembly; to fill up
this blank I have taken the tenth of the taille; of the accessories
and of the assessable poll…tax; this being the mode followed by the
provincial assembly of Lyonnais。 By the declaration of June 2; 1717;
the tax on roads may be carried to one…sixth of the three preceding
taxes it is commonly one…tenth or; in relation to the principal of the
taille; one…quarter。
'2' … Same remark。 …
'3' The provincial assembly carries this amount to one…eleventh of
the taille and accessories combined。
End