the origins of contemporary france-1-第138章

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2。　　Rights　of　the　forests；　edict　of　1707。　　The　seignior's　warden

decides　in　all　cases　concerning　waters；　and　woods；　and　customs；　and

crimes　relating　to　fishing　and　hunting。



3。　　Right　of　voirie　or　the　police　of　the　highways；　streets；　and

buildings　（excepting　the　great　main　roads）。　　The　seignior　appoints　a

bailly；　warden　and　road　overseer；　one　M。　Theurault　（at　Sagonne）；　a

fiscal　attorney；　Baujard　（at　Blet）；　he　may　remove　them　〃in　case　they

make　no　returns。〃　〃The　rights　of　the　greffe　were　formerly　secured　to

the　seignior；　but　as　it　is　now　very　difficult　to　find　intelligent

persons　in　the　country　able　to　fulfill　its　functions；　the　seignior

abandons　his　rights　to　those　whom　it　may　concern。〃　（The　seignior　pays

forty…eight　livres　per　annum　to　the　bailly　to　hold　his　court　once　a

month；　and　twenty…four　livres　per　annum　to　the　fiscal　attorney　to

attend　them）。



He　receives　the　fines　and　confiscation　of　cattle　awarded　by　his

officers。　　The　profit　therefrom；　an　average　year；　is　eight　livres。



He　must　maintain　a　jail　and　a　jailer。　　（It　is　not　stated　whether

there　was　one）。　　No　sign　of　a　gibbet　is　found　in　the　seigniory。



He　may　appoint　twelve　notaries；　only　one；　in　fact；　is　appointed　at

Blet　〃and　he　has　nothing　to　do；〃　a　M。　Baujard；　fiscal　attorney。　　This

commission　is　assigned　him　gratuitously；　to　keep　up　the　privilege；

〃otherwise　it　would　be　impossible　to　find　any　one　sufficiently

intelligent　to　perform　its　functions。〃



He　appoints　a　sergeant；　but；　for　a　long　time；　this　sergeant　pays　no

rent　or　anything　for　his　lodging。



4。　　Personal　and　real　taille。　　In　Bourbonnais　the　taille　was　formerly

serf　and　the　serfs　mainmortable。　　〃Seigniors　still　possessing　rights　of

bordelage；　well　established　throughout　their　fiefs　and　courts；　at　the

present　time；　enjoy　rights　of　succession　to　their　vassals　in　all

cases；　even　to　the　prejudice　of　their　children　if　non…resident　and　no

longer　dwelling　under　their　roofs。〃　But　in　1255；　Hodes　de　Sully；

having　granted　a　charter；　renounced　this　right　of　real　and　personal

taille　for　a　right　of　bourgeoisie；　still　maintained；　（see　further　on）。



5。　　Right　to　unclaimed　property；　cattle；　furniture；　effects；　stray

swarms　of　bees；　treasure…trove；　（no　profits　from　this　for　twenty　years

past）。



6。　　Right　to　property　of　deceased　persons　without　heirs；　to　that　of

deceased　bastards；　the　possessions　of　condemned　criminals　either　to

death；　to　the　galleys　or　to　exile；　etc。；　（no　profit）。



7。　　Right　of　the　chase　and　of　fishing；　the　latter　worth　fifteen

livres　per　annum。



8。　　Right　of　bourgeoisie　（see　article　4）；　according　to　the　charter

of　1255；　and　the　court…roll　of　1484。　　The　wealthiest　pay　annually

twelve　bushels　of　oats　at　forty　livres　and　twelve　deniers　parasis；　the

less　wealthy　nine　bushels　and　nine　deniers；　all　others　six　bushels　and

six　deniers。　　〃These　rights　of　bourgeoisie　are　well　established；　set

forth　in　all　court…rolls　and　acknowledgments　rendered　to　the　king　and

perpetuated　by　numerous　admissions　the　motives　that　have　led　former

stewards　and　fermiers　to　interrupt　the　collection　of　these　cannot　be

divined。　　Many　of　the　seigniors　in　Bourbonnais　have　the　benefit　of　and

exact　these　taxes　of　their　vassals　by　virtue　of　titles　much　more　open

to　question　than　those　of　the　seigniors　of　Blet。〃



9。　　Rights　of　protection　of　the　chateau　of　Blet。　　The　royal　edict　of

1497；　fixing　this　charge　for　the　inhabitants　of　Blet　and　all　those

dwelling　within　the　jurisdiction　of　its　tribunals；　those　of　Charly；

Boismarvier；　etc。；　at　five　sous　per　fire　per　annum；　which　has　been

carried　out。　　〃Only　lately　has　the　collection　of　this　been　suspended；

notwithstanding　its　recognition　at　no　late　date；　the　inhabitants　all

admitting　themselves　to　be　subject　to　the　said　guet　et　garde　of　the

chateau。



10。　　Right　of　toll　on　all　merchandise　and　provisions　passing　through

the　town　of　Blet；　except　grain；　flour　and　vegetables。　　（A　trial　pending

before　the　Council　of　State　since　1727　and　not　terminated　in　1745；

〃the　collection　thereof；　meanwhile；　being　suspended〃）。



11。　　Right　of　potage　on　wines　sold　at　retail　in　Blet；　ensuring　to

the　seignior　nine　pints　of　wine　per　cask；　leased　in　1782　for　six

years；　at　sixty　livres　per　annum。



12。　　Right　of　boucherie　or　of　taking　the　tongues　of　all　animals

slaughtered　in　the　town；　with；　additionally；　the　heads　and　feet　of　all

calves。　　No　slaughter…house　at　Blet；　and　yet　〃during　the　harvesting　of

each　year　about　twelve　head　of　cattle　are　slaughtered。〃　This　tax　is

collected　by　the　steward　and　is　valued　at　three　livres　per　annum。



13。　　Right　of　fairs　and　markets；　aunage；　weight　and　measures。　　Five

fairs　per　annum　and　one　market…day　each　week；　but　little　frequented；

no　grain…market。　　This　right　is　valued　at　twenty…four　livres　per　annum。



14。　　Corvées　of　teams　and　manual　labor；　through　seigniorial　right；

on　ninety…seven　persons　at　Blet　（twenty…two　carvées　of　teams　and

seventy…five　of　manual　labor）；　twenty…six　persons　at　Brosses　（five

teams　and　twenty…one　hands）。　　The　seignior　pays　six　sous　for　food；　each

corvée；　on　men；　and　twelve　sous　on　each　corvee　of　four　oxen。　　〃Among

those　subject　to　this　corvée　the　larger　number　are　reduced　almost　to

beggary　and　have　large　families；　which　often　induces　the　seignior　not

to　exact　this　right　rigorously。〃　The　reduced　value　of　the　corvées　is

forty…nine　livres　fifteen　sols。



15。　　Benalité　（socome）；　of　the　mill；　（a　sentence　of　1736　condemning

Roy；　a　laborer；　to　have　his　grain　ground　in　the　mill　of　Blet；　and　to

pay　a　fine　for　having　ceased　to　have　grain　ground　there　during　three

years）。　　The　miller　reserves　a　sixteenth　of　the　flour　ground。　　The

district…mill；　as　well　as　the　windmill；　with　six　arpents　adjoining；

are　leased　at　600　livres　per　annum。



16。　　Banalité　of　the　oven。　　Agreement　of　1537　between　the　seignior

and　his　vassals：　he　allows　them　the　privilege　of　a　small　oven　in　their

domicile　of　three　squares；　six　inches　each；　to　bake　pies；　biscuits　and

cakes；　in　other　respects　subject　to　the　district　oven。　　He　is　entitled

to　one…sixteenth　of　the　dough；　this　right　might　produce　150　livres

annually；　but；　for　several　years；　the　oven　has　been　dilapidated。



17。　　Right　of　the　colombier；　dove…cot。　　The　chateau　park　contains

one。



18。　　Right　of　bordelage。　　（The　seignior　is　heir…at…law；　except　when

the　children　of　the　deceased　live　with　their　parents　at　the　time　of

his　death。　　This　right　covers　an　area　of　forty…eight　arpentss。　　For

twenty　years；　through　neglect　or　from　other　causes；　he　has　derived

nothing　from　this。



19。　　Right　over　waste　and　abandoned　ground　and　to　alluvial

accumulations。



20。　　Right；　purely　honorary；　of　seat　and　burial　in　the　choir；　of

incense　and　of　special　prayer；　of　funeral　hangings　outside　and　inside

the　church。



21。　　Rights　of　lods　et　ventes　on　copyholders；　due　by　the　purchaser

of　property　liable　to　this　lien；　in　forty　days。　　〃In　Bourbonnais；　the

lods　et　ventes　are　collected　at　a　third；　a　quarter；　at　the　sixth；

eighth　and　twelfth　rate。〃　The　seignior　of　Blet　and　Brosses　collects　at

rate　six。　　It　is　estimated　that　sales　are　made　once　in　eighty　years；

these　rights　bear　on　1；356　arpents　which　are　worth；　the　best；　192

livres　per　arpent　the　second　best；　110　livres；　the　poorest；　75　livres。

At　this　rate　the　1；350　arpents　are　worth　162；750　livres。　　A　discount　of

one…quarter　of　the　lods　et　ventes　is　allowed　to　purchasers。　　Annual

revenue　of　this　right　254　livres。



22。　　Right　of　tithe　and　of　charnage。　　The　seignior　has　obtained　all

tithe　rights；　save　a　few　belonging　to　the　canons　of　Don…le…Rol　and　to

the　prior　of　Chaumont。　　The　tithes　are　levied　on　the　thirteenth　sheaf。

They　are　comprised　in　the　leases。



23。　　Right　of　terrage　or　champart：　the　right　of　collecting；　after

the　tithes；　a　portion　of　the　produce　of　the　ground。　　〃In　Bourbonnais；

the　terrage　is　collected　in　various　ways；　on　the　third　sheaf；　on　the

fifth；　sixth；　seventh；　and　commonly　one…quarter