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the¡¡judgment¡¡in¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡lost¡¡in¡¡the¡¡extremes¡£¡¡Through¡¡this¡¡impregnation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡copula¡¡the
judgment¡¡has¡¡become¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡£




THE¡¡DOCTRINE¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡NOTION
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Section¡¡One£º¡¡Subjectivity
Chapter¡¡3¡¡The¡¡Syllogism

We¡¡have¡¡found¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Notion¡¡in¡¡the¡¡judgment£»¡¡and
consequently¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡and¡¡truth¡¡of¡¡both¡£¡¡The¡¡Notion¡¡as¡¡such¡¡holds¡¡its¡¡moments¡¡sublated¡¡in¡¡unity£»
in¡¡the¡¡judgment¡¡this¡¡unity¡¡is¡¡internal¡¡or£»¡¡what¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same¡¡thing£»¡¡external£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡moments£»¡¡although
related£»¡¡are¡¡posited¡¡as¡¡self¡­subsistent¡¡extremes¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡the¡¡Notion¡¡determinations¡¡are
like¡¡the¡¡extremes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡judgment£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡their¡¡determinate¡¡unity¡¡is¡¡posited¡£

Thus¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡is¡¡the¡¡completely¡¡posited¡¡Notion£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡therefore¡¡the¡¡rational¡£¡¡The¡¡understanding
is¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡the¡¡faculty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡determinate¡¡Notion¡¡which¡¡is¡¡held¡¡fast¡¡in¡¡isolation¡¡by¡¡abstraction
and¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡universality¡£¡¡But¡¡in¡¡reason¡¡the¡¡determinate¡¡Notions¡¡are¡¡posited¡¡in¡¡their¡¡totality
and¡¡unity¡£¡¡Therefore£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡is¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡rational£»¡¡but¡¡everything¡¡rational¡¡is¡¡a¡¡syllogism¡£
The¡¡syllogistic¡¡process¡¡has¡¡for¡¡a¡¡long¡¡time¡¡been¡¡ascribed¡¡to¡¡reason£»¡¡yet¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand¡¡reason¡¡in
and¡¡for¡¡itself£»¡¡rational¡¡principles¡¡and¡¡laws£»¡¡are¡¡spoken¡¡of¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡way¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡clear¡¡what¡¡is
the¡¡connection¡¡between¡¡the¡¡former¡¡reason¡¡which¡¡syllogises¡¡and¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡reason¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the
source¡¡of¡¡laws¡¡and¡¡other¡¡eternal¡¡truths¡¡and¡¡absolute¡¡thoughts¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡former¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be
merely¡¡formal¡¡reason£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡creative¡¡of¡¡content£»¡¡then¡¡according¡¡to¡¡this
distinction¡¡it¡¡is¡¡precisely¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡reason£»¡¡the¡¡syllogism£»¡¡that¡¡must¡¡not¡¡be¡¡lacking¡¡in¡¡the¡¡latter¡£
Nevertheless£»¡¡to¡¡such¡¡a¡¡degree¡¡are¡¡the¡¡two¡¡commonly¡¡held¡¡apart£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡mentioned¡¡together£»¡¡that
it¡¡seems¡¡as¡¡though¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡of¡¡absolute¡¡thoughts¡¡was¡¡ashamed¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡and
as¡¡though¡¡it¡¡was¡¡only¡¡in¡¡deference¡¡to¡¡tradition¡¡that¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡was¡¡also¡¡adduced¡¡as¡¡an¡¡activity¡¡of
reason¡£¡¡Yet¡¡it¡¡is¡¡obvious£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have¡¡just¡¡remarked£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡logical¡¡reason£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡regarded¡¡as
formal¡¡reason£»¡¡must¡¡essentially¡¡be¡¡recognisable¡¡also¡¡in¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡that¡¡is¡¡concerned¡¡with¡¡a¡¡content£»
the¡¡fact¡¡is¡¡that¡¡no¡¡content¡¡can¡¡be¡¡rational¡¡except¡¡through¡¡the¡¡rational¡¡form¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡matter¡¡we¡¡cannot
look¡¡for¡¡any¡¡help¡¡in¡¡the¡¡common¡¡chatter¡¡about¡¡reason£»¡¡for¡¡this¡¡refrains¡¡from¡¡stating¡¡what¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be
understood¡¡by¡¡reason£»¡¡this¡¡supposedly¡¡rational¡¡cognition¡¡is¡¡mostly¡¡so¡¡busy¡¡with¡¡its¡¡objects¡¡that¡¡it
forgets¡¡to¡¡cognise¡¡reason¡¡itself¡¡and¡¡only¡¡distinguishes¡¡and¡¡characterises¡¡it¡¡by¡¡the¡¡objects¡¡that¡¡it
possesses¡£¡¡If¡¡reason¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡cognition¡¡that¡¡knows¡¡about¡¡God£»¡¡freedom£»¡¡right¡¡and
duty£»¡¡the¡¡infinite£»¡¡unconditioned£»¡¡supersensuous£»¡¡or¡¡even¡¡gives¡¡only¡¡ideas¡¡and¡¡feelings¡¡of¡¡these
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question¡¡still¡¡remains£»¡¡what¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡all¡¡these¡¡objects¡¡that¡¡makes¡¡them¡¡rational¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡this£»¡¡that¡¡the
infinitude¡¡of¡¡these¡¡objects¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡empty¡¡abstraction¡¡from¡¡the¡¡finite£»¡¡not¡¡the¡¡universality¡¡that¡¡lacks
content¡¡and¡¡determinateness£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡universality¡¡that¡¡is¡¡fulfilled¡¡or¡¡realised£»¡¡the¡¡Notion¡¡that¡¡is
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essentially¡¡pregnant¡¡with¡¡content£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡determinate¡¡extremes£»¡¡as¡¡such£»¡¡however£»
the¡¡rational¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡£

Now¡¡the¡¡syllogism£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡judgment£»¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡instance¡¡immediate£»¡¡hence¡¡its¡¡determinations
are¡¡simple£»¡¡abstract¡¡determinatenesses£»¡¡in¡¡this¡¡form¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡of¡¡the¡¡understanding¡£¡¡If
we¡¡stop¡¡short¡¡at¡¡this¡¡form¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogism£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡rationality¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡although¡¡undoubtedly¡¡present
and¡¡posited£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡apparent¡£¡¡The¡¡essential¡¡feature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡is¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡extremes£»¡¡the
middle¡¡term¡¡which¡¡unites¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡which¡¡supports¡¡them¡£¡¡Abstraction£»¡¡in¡¡holding
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which¡¡likewise¡¡is¡¡fixed¡¡and¡¡self¡­subsistent£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way¡¡apprehends¡¡it¡¡rather¡¡as¡¡non¡­unity¡¡than
as¡¡unity¡£¡¡The¡¡expression¡¡middle¡¡term¡¡is¡¡taken¡¡from¡¡spatial¡¡representation¡¡and¡¡contributes¡¡its¡¡share
to¡¡the¡¡stopping¡¡short¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mutual¡¡externality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡terms¡£¡¡Now¡¡if¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡the
unity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡extremes¡¡being¡¡posited¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡if£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡this¡¡unity¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡taken¡¡on¡¡the¡¡one
hand¡¡as¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡on¡¡its¡¡own£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand¡¡as¡¡a¡¡merely¡¡external¡¡relation£»¡¡and¡¡non¡­unity
is¡¡made¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡relationship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogism£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡which¡¡constitutes¡¡the¡¡syllogism
contributes¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡rationality¡£

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determined£»¡¡demonstrates¡¡in¡¡itself¡¡£¨since£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡judgment£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡their¡¡relation£©¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not¡¡in
fact¡¡such¡¡abstract¡¡terms£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡each¡¡contains¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡the¡¡other¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡term
is¡¡not¡¡particularity¡¡as¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡determinations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡extremes¡¡but¡¡contains¡¡these¡¡terms
posited¡¡in¡¡it¡£

Through¡¡this¡¡its¡¡dialectic¡¡it¡¡is¡¡converted¡¡into¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡of¡¡reflection£»¡¡into¡¡the¡¡second¡¡syllogism¡£
The¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡this¡¡are¡¡such¡¡that¡¡each¡¡essentially¡¡shows¡¡in£»¡¡or¡¡is¡¡reflected¡¡into£»¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡in¡¡other
words¡¡they¡¡are¡¡posited¡¡as¡¡mediated£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡are¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡nature
of¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡in¡¡general¡£

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is¡¡determined¡¡as¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡of¡¡necessity£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡mediating¡¡element¡¡is¡¡the¡¡objective¡¡nature
of¡¡the¡¡thing¡£¡¡As¡¡this¡¡syllogism¡¡determines¡¡the¡¡extremes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Notion¡¡equally¡¡as¡¡totalities£»¡¡the
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subjectivity¡¡into¡¡objectivity¡£

A¡¡The¡¡Syllogism¡¡of¡¡Existence

1¡£¡¡The¡¡syllogism¡¡in¡¡its¡¡immediate¡¡form¡¡has¡¡for¡¡its¡¡moments¡¡the¡¡determinations¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Notion¡¡as
immediate¡£¡¡Hence¡¡they¡¡are¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡determinatenesses¡¡of¡¡form£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡developed
by¡¡mediation¡¡into¡¡concretion£»¡¡but¡¡are¡¡only¡¡single¡¡determinatenesses¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡syllogism¡¡is£»
therefore£»¡¡strictly¡¡the¡¡formal¡¡syllogism¡£¡¡The¡¡formalism¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogising¡¡process¡¡consists¡¡in
stopping¡¡short¡¡at¡¡the¡¡determination¡¡of¡¡this¡¡first¡¡syllogism¡£¡¡The¡¡Notion£»¡¡differentiated¡¡into¡¡its
abstract¡¡moments£»¡¡has¡¡individuality¡¡and¡¡universality¡¡for¡¡its¡¡extremes£»¡¡and¡¡appears¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡the
particularity¡¡standing¡¡between¡¡them¡£¡¡On¡¡account¡¡of¡¡their¡¡immediacy¡¡they¡¡are¡¡merely¡¡self¡­related
determinatenesses£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡and¡¡all¡¡a¡¡single¡¡content¡£¡¡Particularity¡¡constitutes¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡term¡¡in
the¡¡first¡¡instance¡¡since¡¡it¡¡unites¡¡immediately¡¡within¡¡itself¡¡the¡¡two¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡individuality¡¡and
universality¡£¡¡On¡¡account¡¡of¡¡its¡¡determinateness¡¡it¡¡is¡¡on¡¡the¡¡one¡¡hand¡¡subsumed¡¡under¡¡the¡¡universal£»
while¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand¡¡the¡¡individual£»¡¡as¡¡against¡¡which¡¡it¡¡possesses¡¡universality£»¡¡is¡¡subsumed
under¡¡it¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡concretion¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡instance¡¡merely¡¡a¡¡duality¡¡of¡¡aspect£»¡¡on¡¡account¡¡of¡¡the
immediacy¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡term¡¡presents¡¡itself¡¡in¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡syllogism¡£¡¡it¡¡appears¡¡as¡¡a
simple¡¡determinateness£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡mediation¡¡which¡¡it¡¡constitutes¡¡is¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡posited¡£¡¡Now¡¡the
dialectical¡¡movement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡of¡¡existence¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡the¡¡positing¡¡in¡¡its¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡the
mediation¡¡that¡¡alone¡¡constitutes¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡£

£¨a£©¡¡First¡¡Figure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Syllogism¡¡I¡­P¡­U

£¨b£©¡¡The¡¡Second¡¡Figure¡¡P¡­I¡­U¡¡

£¨c£©¡¡The¡¡Third¡¡Figure¡¡I¡­U¡­P¡¡

£¨d£©¡¡The¡¡Fourth¡¡Figure¡¡U¡­U¡­U¡¡

B¡¡The¡¡Syllogism¡¡of¡¡Reflection

The¡¡course¡¡of¡¡the¡¡qualitative¡¡syllogism¡¡has¡¡sublated¡¡what¡¡was¡¡abstract¡¡in¡¡its¡¡terms¡¡with¡¡the¡¡result
that¡¡the¡¡term¡¡has¡¡posited¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡a¡¡determinateness¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡other¡¡determinateness¡¡is¡¡also
reflected¡£¡¡Besides¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡terms£»¡¡the¡¡syllogism¡¡also¡¡contains¡¡their¡¡relation£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the
conclusion¡¡this¡¡relation¡¡is¡¡posited¡¡as¡¡mediated¡¡and¡¡necessary£»¡¡t

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