science of logic-第41章

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alone　they　acquire　the　capability　to　dissolve　themselves　and　pass　over　into　their　opposite。　The
highest　maturity；　the　highest　stage；　which　anything　can　attain　is　that　in　which　its　downfall　begins。
The　fixity　of　the　determinateness　into　which　the　understanding　seems　to　run；　the　form　of　the
imperishable；　is　that　of　self…relating　universality。　But　this　belongs　properly　to　the　Notion；　and
consequently　in　this　universality　is　to　be　found　expressed；　and　infinitely　close　at　hand；　the
dissolution　of　the　finite。　This　Universality　directly　refutes　the　determinateness　of　the　finite　and
expresses　its　incongruity　with　the　universality。　Or　rather；　the　adequacy　of　the　finite　is　already　to
hand；　the　abstract　determinate　is　posited　as　one　with　the　universality；　and　for　that　very　reason　is
posited　as　not　for　itself　—　for　then　it　would　only　be　a　determinate　—　but　only　as　unity　of　itself　and
the　universal；　that　is；　as　Notion。　



C　The　Individual　

1。　In　the　first　instance；　therefore；　individuality　appears　as　the　reflection　of　the　Notion　out　of　its
determinateness　into　itself。　It　is　the　self…mediation　of　the　Notion　in　so　far　as　its　otherness　has
made　itself　into　an　other　again；　whereby　the　Notion　has　reinstated　itself　as　self…identical；　but　in　the
determination　of　absolute　negativity。　The　negative　in　the　universal　whereby　this　is　a　particular；
was　defined　above　as　a　two…fold　illusory　being：　in　so　far　as　the　negative　is　an　illusory　being　within
the　universal；　the　particular　remains　a　universal；　through　the　reference　of　the　illusory　being
outwards　it　is　a　determinate；　the　return　of　this　side　into　the　universal　is　two…fold：　either　through
abstraction　which　lets　drop　the　particular　and　rises　to　the　higher　and　the　highest　genus；　or　else
through　the　individuality　to　which　the　universal　in　the　determinateness　itself　descends。　Here　is
where　the　false　path　branches　off　and　abstraction　strays　from　the　highway　of　the　Notion　and
forsakes　the　truth。　Its　higher　and　highest　universal　to　which　it　raises　itself　is　only　the　surface；　which
becomes　ever　more　destitute　of　content；　the　individuality　it　despises　is　the　profundity　in　which　the
Notion　seizes　itself　and　is　posited　as　Notion。　

Universality　and　particularity　appeared；　on　the　one　hand；　as　moments　of　the　becoming　of
individuality。　But　it　has　already　been　shown　that　they　are　in　themselves　the　total　Notion；　and
consequently　in　individuality　do　not　pass　over　into　an　other；　but　that　in　individuality　there　is　only
posited　that　they　are　in　and　for　themselves。　The　universal　is　in　and　for　itself　because　it　is　in　its
own　self　absolute　mediation；　self…reference　only　as　absolute　negativity。　It　is　an　abstract　universal
in　so　far　as　this　absolute　negativity。　It　is　an　abstract　universal　in　so　far　as　this　sublating　is　an
external　act　and　so　a　dropping　of　the　determinateness。　

Life；　Spirit；　God　—　the　pure　Notion　itself；　are　beyond　the　grasp　of　abstraction；　because　it　deprives
its　products　of　singularity；　of　the　principle　of　individuality　and　personality；　and　so　arrives　at　nothing
but　universalities　devoid　of　life　and　spirit；　colour　and　content。　

Yet　the　unity　of　the　Notion　is　so　indissoluble　that　even　these　products　of　abstraction；　though　they
are　supposed　to　drop　individuality　are；　on　the　contrary；　individuals　themselves。　Abstraction　raises
the　concrete　into　universality　in　which；　however；　the　universal　is　grasped　only　as　a　determinate
universality；　and　this　is　precisely　the　individuality　that　has　shown　itself　to　be　self…related
determinateness。　Abstraction；　therefore；　is　a　sundering　of　the　concrete　and　an　isolating　of　its
determinations；　through　it　only　single　properties　and　moments　are　seized；　for　its　product　must
contain　what　it　is　itself。　But　the　difference　between　this　individuality　of　its　products　and　the
Notion's　individuality　is　that；　in　the　former；　the　individual　as　content　and　the　universal　as　form　are
distinct　from　one　another　…　just　because　the　former　is　not　present　as　absolute　form；　as　the　Notion
itself；　or　the　latter　is　not　present　as　the　totality　of　form。　However　this　more　detailed　consideration
shows　that　the　abstract　product　itself　is　a　unity　of　the　individual　content　and　abstract　universality；
and　is；　therefore；　a　concrete　…　and　the　opposite　of　what　it　aims　to　be。　

2。　But　Individuality　is　not　only　the　return　of　the　Notion　into　itself；　it　immediately　its　loss。　Through
individuality；　where　the　Notion　is　internal　to　itself；　it　becomes　external　to　itself　and　enters　into
actuality。　Abstraction　which；　as　the　soul　of　individuality　is　the　relation　of　the　negative　to　the
negative；　and；　as　we　have　shown　not　external　to　the　universal　and　the　particular　but　immanent　in
them；　and　through　it　they　are　concrete；　content；　an　individual。　But　as　this　negativity；　individuality　is
the　determinate　determinateness；　is　differentiation　as　such；　through　this　reflection　of　the　difference
into　itself；　the　difference　becomes　fixed；　it　is　only　through　individuality　that　the　determining　of　the
particular　takes　place；　for　individuality　is　that　abstraction　which　simply　as　individuality；　is　now
posited　abstraction。　
The　individual；　therefore；　as　self…related　negativity；　is　immediate　identity　of　the　negative　with　itself；
it　is　a　being…for…self。　Or　it　is　the　abstraction　that　determines　the　Notion；　according　to　its　ideal
moment　of　being；　as　an　immediate。　In　this　way；　the　individual　is　a　qualitative　one　or　this。　With
this　quality　it　is；　first；　repulsion　of　itself　from　itself；　whereby　the　many　other　ones　are　presupposed；
secondly；　it　is　now　a　negative　relation　towards　these　presupposed　others；　and；　the　individual　is　in
so　far　exclusive。　

When　one　understands　by　the　universal；　that　which　is　common　to　several　individuals；　one　is
starting　from　the　indifferent　subsistence　of　these　individuals　and　confounding　the　immediacy　of
being　with　the　determination　of　the　Notion。　The　lowest　possible　conception　of　the　universal　in　its
connection　with　the　individual　is　this　external　relation　of　it　as　merely　a　common　element。　


Chapter　2　The　Judgment

The　judgment　is　the　determinateness　of　the　Notion　posited　in　the　Notion　itself。　The　Notion's
determinations；　or　what　we　have　seen　to　be　the　same　thing；　the　determinate　Notions；　have　already
been　considered　on　their　own；　but　this　consideration　was　more　a　subjective　reflection　or
subjective　abstraction。　But　the　Notion　is　itself　this　abstractive　process；　the　opposing　of　its
determinations　is　its　own　determining　activity。　The　judgment　is　this　positing　of　the　determinate
Notions　by　the　Notion　itself。　Judging　is　thus　another　function　than　comprehension；　or　rather　it　is
the　other　function　of　the　Notion　as　the　determining　of　the　Notion　by　itself；　and　the　further
progress　of　the　judgment　into　the　diversity　of　judgments　is　the　progressive　determination　of　the
Notion。　What　kinds　of　determinate　Notions　there　are；　and　how　these　determinations　of　the
Notion　are　arrived　at；　has　to　reveal　itself　in　the　judgment。

The　judgment　can　therefore　be　called　the　proximate　realisation　of　the　Notion；　inasmuch　as　reality
denotes　in　general　entry　into　existence　as　a　determinate　being。　More　precisely；　the　nature　of　this
realisation　has　presented　itself　in　such　a　manner　that；　on　the　one　hand；　the　moments　of　the　Notion
through　its　reflection…into…self　or　its　individuality　are　self…subsistent　totalities；　while　on　the　other
hand　the　unity　of　the　Notion　is　their　relation。　The　determinations　reflected　into　themselves　are
determinate　totalities；　no　less　essentially　in　their　indifferent　and　disconnected　subsistence　as
through　their　reciprocal　mediation　with　one　another。　The　determining　itself　is　only　totality　in　that　it
contains　these　totalities　and　their　connection。　This　totality　is　the　judgment。　It　contains；　therefore；
first；　the　two　self…subsistents　which　are　called　subject　and　predicate。　What　each　is　cannot　yet
really　be　said；　they　are　still　indeterminate；　for　it　is　only　through　the　judgment　that　they　are　to　be
determined。　The　judgment；　being　the　Notion　as　determinate；　the　only　distinction　present　is　the
general　one　that　the　judgment　contains　the　determinate　Notion　over　against　the　still
indeterminate　Notion。　The　subject　can　therefore；　in　the　first