science of logic-第39章

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other　Notions。　Because　the　Notion　is　a　totality；　and　therefore　in　its　universality　or　pure　identical
self…relation　is　essentially　a　determining　and　a　distinguishing；　it　therefore　contains　within　itself　the
standard　by　which　this　form　of　its　self…identity；　in　pervading　and　embracing　all　the　moments；　no
less　immediately　determines　itself　to　be　only　the　universal　over　against　the　distinguishedness　of　the
moments。

Secondly；　the　Notion　is　thereby　posited　as　this　particular　or　determinate　Notion；　distinct　from
others。

Thirdly；　individuality　is　the　Notion　reflecting　itself　out　of　the　difference　into　absolute　negativity。
This　is；　at　the　same　time；　the　moment　in　which　it　has　passed　out　of　its　identity　into　its　otherness；
and　becomes　the　judgment。

A　The　Universal　Notion　

The　pure　Notion　is　the　absolutely　infinite；　unconditioned　and　free。　It　is　here；　at　the　outset　of　the
discussion　which　has　the　Notion　for　its　content；　that　we　must　look　back　once　more　at　its　genesis。
Essence　is　the　outcome　of　being；　and　the　Notion；　the　outcome　of　essence；　therefore　also　of
being。　But　this　becoming　has　the　significance　of　a　self…repulsion；　so　that　it　is　rather　the　outcome
which　is　the　unconditioned　and　original。　Being；　in　its　transition　into　essence；　has　become　an
illusory　being　or　a　positedness；　and　becoming　or　transition　into　an　other　has　become　a　positing；
and　conversely；　the　positing　or　reflection　of　essence　has　sublated　itself　and　has　restored　itself　as　a
being　that　is　not　posited；　that　is　original。　The　Notion　is　the　interfusion　of　these　moments；　namely；
qualitative　and　original　being　is　such　only　as　a　positing；　only　as　a　return…into…self；　and　this　pure
reflection…into…self　is　a　sheer　becoming…other　or　determinateness　which；　consequently；　is　no　less
an　infinite；　self…relating　determinateness。

Thus　the　Notion　is；　in　the　first　instance；　the　absolute　self…identity　that　is　such　only　as　the　negation
of　negation　or　as　the　infinite　unity　of　the　negativity　with　itself。　This　pure　relation　of　the　Notion　to
itself；　which　is　this　relation　by　positing　itself　through　the　negativity；　is　the　universality　of　the
Notion。

As　universality　is　the　utterly　simple　determination；　it　does　not　seem　capable　of　any　explanation；
for　an　explanation　must　concern　itself　with　definitions　and　distinctions　and　must　apply　predicates　to
its　object；　and　to　do　this　to　what　is　simple；　would　alter　rather　than　explain　it。　But　the　simplicity
which　constitutes　the　very　nature　of　the　universal　is　such　that；　through　absolute　negativity；　it
contains　within　itself　difference　and　determinateness　in　the　highest　degree。　Being　is　simple　as
immediate　being；　for　that　reason　it　is　only　something　meant　or　intended　and　we　cannot　say　of　it
what　it　is；　therefore；　it　is　one　with　its　other；　with　non…being。　Its　Notion　is　just　this；　to　be　a
simplicity　that　immediately　vanishes　in　its　opposite；　it　is　becoming。　The　universal；　on　the　contrary；
is　that　simplicity　which；　because　it　is　the　Notion；　no　less　possesses　within　itself　the　richest
content。

First；　therefore；　it　is　the　simple　relation　to　itself；　it　is　only　within　itself。　Secondly；　however；　this
identity　is　within　itself　absolute　mediation；　but　it　is　not　something　mediated。　The　universal　that　is
mediated；　namely；　the　abstract　universal　that　is　opposed　to　the　particular　and　the　individual；　this
will　be　discussed　later　when　we　are　dealing　with　the　specific　notion。　Yet　even　the　abstract
universal　involves　this；　that　in　order　to　obtain　it　we　are　required　to　leave　out　other　determinations
of　the　concrete。　These　determinations；　simply　as　such；　are　negations；　equally；　too；　the　omitting
of　them　is　a　negating。　So　that　even　with　the　abstraction；　we　have　the　negation　of　the　negation。　But
this　double　negation　is　conceived　of　as　though　it　were　external　to　the　abstraction；　as　though　not
only　were　the　other　omitted　properties　of　the　concrete　distinct　from　the　one　retained；　which　is　the
content　of　the　abstract　universal；　but　also　as　though　this　operation　of　omitting　the　other　properties
and　retaining　the　one　were　a　process　outside　the　properties　themselves。　To　such　an　externality　in
face　of　that　movement；　the　universal　has　not　yet　determined　itself；　it　is　still　within　itself　that　absolute
mediation　which　is；　precisely；　the　negation　of　the　negation　or　absolute　negativity。

By　virtue　of　this　original　unity　it　follows；　in　the　first　place；　that　the　first　negative；　or　the
determination；　is　not　a　limitation　for　the　universal　which；　on　the　contrary；　maintains　itself　therein
and　is　positively　identical　with　itself。　The　categories　of　being　were；　as　Notions；　essentially　these
identities　of　the　determinations　with　themselves　in　their　limitation　or　otherness；　but　this　identity　was
only　in　itself　the　Notion；　it　was　not　yet　manifested。　Consequently；　the　qualitative　determination　as
such　was　lost　in　its　other　and　had　for　its　truth　a　determination　distinct　from　itself。　The　universal；　on
the　contrary；　even　when　it　posits　itself　in　a　determination；　remains　therein　what　it　is。　It　is　the　soul
＇Seele＇　of　the　concrete　which　it　indwells；　unimpeded　and　equal　to　itself　in　the　manifoldness　and
diversity　of　the　concrete。　It　is　not　dragged　into　the　process　of　becoming；　but　continues　itself
through　that　process　undisturbed　and　possesses　the　power　of　unalterable；　undying
self…preservation。

But　even　so；　it　does　not　merely　show；　or　have　an　illusory　being；　in　its　other；　like　the　determination
of　reflection；　this；　as　a　correlate；　is　not　merely　self…related　but　is　a　positive　relating　of　itself　to　its
other　in　which　it　manifests　itself；　but；　in　the　first　instance；　it　only　shows　in　it；　and　this　illusory　being
of　each　in　the　other；　or　their　reciprocal　determining；　along　with　their　self…dependence；　has　the　form
of　an　external　act。　The　universal；　on　the　contrary；　is　posited　as　the　essential　being　of　its
determination；　as　the　latter's　own　positive　nature。　For　the　determination　that　constitutes　its
negative　is；　in　the　Notion；　simply　and　solely　a　positedness；　in　other　words；　it　is；　at　the　same　time；
essentially　only　the　negative　of　the　negative；　and　is　only　as　this　identity　of　the　negative　with　itself；
which　is　the　universal。　Thus　the　universal　is　also　the　substance　of　its　determinations；　but　in　such
wise　that　what　was　a　contingency　for　substance；　is　the　Notion's　own　self…mediation；　its　own
immanent　reflection。　But　this　mediation　which；　in　the　first　instance；　raises　contingency　to
necessity；　is　the　manifested　relation；　the　Notion　is　not　the　abyss　of　formless　substance；　or
necessity　as　the　inner　identity　of　things　or　states　distinct　from；　and　limiting；　one　another；　on　the
contrary；　as　absolute　negativity；　it　is　the　shaper　and　creator；　and　because　the　determination　is　not　a
limitation　but　is　just　as　much　utterly　sublated；　or　posited；　the　illusory　being　is　now　manifestation；　the
manifestation　of　the　identical。

The　universal　is　therefore　free　power；　it　is　itself　and　takes　its　other　within　its　embrace；　but　without
doing　violence　to　it；　on　the　contrary；　the　universal　is；　in　its　other；　in　peaceful　communion　with
itself。　We　have　called　it　free　power；　but　it　could　also　be　called　free　love　and　boundless
blessedness；　for　it　bears　itself　towards　its　other　as　towards　its　own　self；　in　it；　it　has　returned　to
itself。

We　have　just　mentioned　determinateness；　although　the　Notion；　being　as　yet　only　the　universal
and　only　self…identical；　has　not　yet　advanced　to　that　stage。　However；　we　cannot　speak　of　the
universal　apart　from　determinateness　which　to　be　more　precise　is　particularity　and　individuality；　for
the　universal；　in　its　absolute　negativity；　contains　determinateness　in　and　for　itself。　The
determinateness；　therefore；　is　not　introduced　from　outside　when　we　speak　of　it　in　connection　with
the　universal。　As　negativity　in　general　or　in　accordance　with　the　first；　immediate　negation；　the
universal　contains　determinateness　generally　as　particularity；　as　the　second　negation；　that　is；　as
negation　of　the　negation；　it　is　absolute　determinateness　or　individuality　and　concreteness。　The
universal　is　thus　the　totality　of　the　Notion；　it　is　a　concrete；　and　far　from　being　empty；　it　has　through
its　Notion　a　content；　and　a　content　in　which　it　not　only　main