science of logic-第25章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



But　essence　as　it　has　here　come　to　be；　is　what　it　is；　through　a　negativity　which　is　not　alien　to　it　but
is　its　very　own；　the　infinite　movement　of　being。　It　is　being　that　is　in　itself　and　for　itself；　it　is
absolute　being…in…itself　in　that　it　is　indifferent　to　every　determinateness　of　being；　and　otherness
and　relation…to…other　have　been　completely　sublated。　But　it　is　not　only　this　being…in…itself；　as　mere
being…in…itself　it　would　be　only　the　abstraction　of　pure　essence；　but　it　is　equally　essentially
being…for…self；　it　is　itself　this　negativity；　the　self…sublating　of　otherness　and　determinateness。

Essence　as　the　completed　return　of　being　into　itself　is　thus　at　first　indeterminate　essence。　The
determinateness　of　being　are　sublated　in　it；　they　are　contained　in　essence　in　principle　but　are　not
posited　in　it　Absolute　essence　in　this　simple　equality　with　itself　has　no　determinate　being；　but　it
must　develop　determinate　being；　for　it　is　both　in　itself　and　for　itself；　i。e。　differentiates　the
determinations　which　are　implicit　in　it。　Because　it　is　self…repelling　or　indifferent　to　itself；　negative
self…relation；　it　sets　itself　over　against　itself　and　is　infinite　being…for…self　only　in　so　far　is　as　it　is　at
one　with　itself　in　this　its　own　difference　from　itself。　The　determining　then　is　of　a　different　nature
from　the　determining　in　the　sphere　of　being；　and　the　determinations　of　essence　have　a　different
character　from　the　determinatenesses　of　being。　Essence　is　absolute　unity　of　being…in…itself　and
being…for…itself；　consequently　its　determining　remains　within　this　unity　and　is　neither　a　becoming　nor
a　transition；　nor　are　the　determinations　themselves　an　other　as　other；　or　relations　to　other；　they
are　self　…subsistent；　but　at　the　same　time　only　in　their　association　with　each　other　in　this　unity。　Since
essence　is　at　first　simple　negativity；　it　now　has　to　posit　in　its　own　sphere　the　determinateness　that　is
only　implicit　in　it；　in　order　to　give　itself　determinate　being　and　then　being…for…self。

In　the　whole　of　logic；　essence　occupies　the　same　place　as　quantity　does　in　the　sphere　of　being；
absolute　indifference　to　limit。　But　quantity　is　this　indifference　in　an　immediate　determination；　and
the　limit　is　present　in　it　as　an　immediately　external　determinateness；　quantity　passes　over　into
quantum；　the　external　limit　is　necessary　to　quantity　and　is　affirmatively　present　in　it　＇ist　an　ihr
seiend＇。　In　essence；　…on　the　other　hand；　the　determinateness　is　not　a　simple　immediacy　but　is
present　only　as　posited　by　essence　itself；　it　is　not　free；　but　is　present　only　as　connected　with　its
unity。　The　negativity　of　essence　is　reflection；　and　the　determinations　are　reflected；　posited　by
essence　itself　and　remaining　in　essence　as　sublated。

Essence　stands　between　being　and　Notion；　it　constitutes　their　mean；　and　its　movement　is　the
transition　from　being　into　the　Notion。　Essence　is　being…in…and…for…itself；　but　in　the　determination
of　being…in…itself；　for　the　general　determination　of　essence　is　to　have　proceeded　from　being；　or　to
be　the　first　negation　of　being。　Its　movement　consists　in　positing　within　itself　the　negation　or
determination；　thereby　giving　itself　determinate　being　and　becoming　as　infinite　being…for…self　what
it　is　in　itself。　It　thus　gives　itself　its　determinate　being　that　is　equal　to　its　being…in…itself　and
becomes　Notion。　For　the　Notion　is　the　absolute　that　in　its　determinate　being　is　absolute；　or　is　in
and　for　itself。　But　the　determinate　being　which　essence　gives　itself　is　not　vet　determinate　being　as　in
and　for　itself；　but　as　given　by　essence　to　itself；　or　as　posited；　and　is　consequently　still　distinct　from
the　determinate　being　of　the　Notion。

At　first；　essence　shines　or　shows　within　itself；　or　is　reflection；　secondly；　it　appears；　thirdly；　it
manifests　itself。　In　its　movement；　essence　posits　itself　in　the　following　determinations：
　　I。　As　simple　essence；　essence　in　itself；　which　in　its　determinations　remains　within　itself。
　II。　As　emerging　into　determinate　being；　or　in　accordance　with　its　Existence　and　Appearance。
III。　As　essence　that　is　one　with　its　Appearance；　as　actuality。



　　　　　　Section　One：　Essence　as　Reflection
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Within　Itself

Essence　issues　from　being；　hence　it　is　not　immediately　in　and　for　itself　but　is　a　result　of　that
movement。　Or　if　essence　is　taken　at　first　as　an　immediacy；　then　it　is　a　specific　determinate　being
confronted　by　another　such；　it　is　only　essential；　as　opposed　to　unessential；　determinate　being。
But　essence　is　being　that　has　been　sublated　in　and　for　itself；　what　confronts　it　is　only　illusory　being
＇Schein＇。　The　illusory　being；　however；　is　essence's　own　positing。

Essence　is　first　reflection。　Reflection　determines　itself　and　its　determinations　are　a　positedness
which　is　at　the　same　time　reflection…into…self。

Secondly；　we　have　to　consider　these　determinations　of　reflection　or　essentialities。

Thirdly；　essence　as　the　reflection…into…self　of　its　determining　converts　itself　into　ground　and　passes
over　into　Existence　and　Appearance。

Chapter　1　Illusory　Being

Essence　that　issues　from　being　seems　to　confront　it　as　an　opposite；　this　immediate　being　is；　in　the
first　instance；　the　unessential。

But　secondly；　it　is　more　than　merely　unessential　being；　it　is　essenceless　being；　it　is　illusory　being。
Thirdly；　this　illusory　being　is　not　something　external　to　or　other　than　essence；　on　the　contrary；　it　is
essence's　own　illusory　being。　The　showing　of　this　illusory　being　within　essence　itself　is　reflection。　

A　THE　ESSENTIAL　AND　THE　UNESSENTIAL

Essence　is　sublated　being。　It　is　simple　equality　with　itself；　but　only　in　so　far　as　it　is　the　negation　of
the　sphere　of　being　in　general。

Essence　thus　has　immediacy　confronting　it　as　an　immediacy　from　which　it　has　become　and　which
in　this　sublating　has　preserved　and　maintained　itself。　In　this　determination；　essence　itself　is　simply
affirmative　＇seiendes＇；　immediate　essence；　and　being　is　only　a　negative　in　relation　to　essence；
not　in　and　for　itself；　therefore　essence　is　a　determinate　negation。　In　this　way；　being　and　essence
are　again　related　to　each　other　as　others；　for　each　has　a　being；　an　immediacy；　and　these　are
indifferent　to　each　other；　and　with　respect　to　this　being；　being　and　essence　are　equal　in　value。

But　at　the　same　time；　being；　as　contrasted　with　essence；　is　the　unessential；　in　relation　to　essence；　it
has　the　determination　of　sublated　being。　Yet　in　so　far　as　it　is　only　related　to　essence　simply　as　an
other；　essence　is　not　strictly　essence　but　only　a　differently　determined　being；　the　essential。

The　distinction　of　essential　and　unessential　has　caused　essence　to　relapse　into　the　sphere　of
determinate　being；　since　essence　in　its　initial　phase　is　determined　as　immediate；　simply　affirmative
＇seiendes＇　essence　and　hence　only　as　other　over　against　being。　The　sphere　of　determinate　being　is
thereby　made　the　base；　and　the　fact　that　the　being　in　this　determinate　being　is
being…in…and…for…itself；　is　a　further　determination　external　to　determinate　being　itself；　and
conversely；　while　essence　is　indeed　being…in…and…for…itself；　it　is　so　only　in　relation　to　an　other；　in　a
specific　reference。　Accordingly；　in　so　far　as　the　distinction　is　made　of　an　essential　and　an
unessential　side　in　something　＇Dasein＇；　this　distinction　is　externally　posited；　a　separation　of　one
part　of　it　from　another　that　does　not　affect　the　something　itself；　a　division　which　has　its　origin　in　a
third。　Such　a　division　does　not　settle　what　is　essential　and　what　is　unessential。　It　originates　in　some
external　standpoint　and　consideration　and　the　same　content　can　therefore　be　regarded　now　as
essential　and　again　as　unessential。

Closer　consideration　shows　that　when　essence　is　characterised　as　essential　only　relatively　to　what
is　unessential；　it　is　because　it　is　taken　only　as　sublated　being　or　determinate　being。　In　this　way；
essence　is　only　the　first　negation；　or　the　negation　which　is　a　determinateness　through　which　being
becomes　only　determinate　being；　or　the　latter　becomes　only　an　other。　But　essence　is　the　absolute
negativity　of　being；　it　is　being　itself；　but　not　determined　only　as　an　other；　but　being　that　has　sublated