the essays of montaigne, v19-第12章
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passed the age to which some nations; not without reason; have prescribed
so just a term of life that they would not suffer men to exceed it; and
yet I have some intermissions; though short and inconstant; so clean and
sound as to be little inferior to the health and pleasantness of my
youth。 I do not speak of vigour and sprightliness; 'tis not reason they
should follow me beyond their limits:
〃Non hoc amplius est liminis; aut aquae
Coelestis; patiens latus。〃
'〃I am no longer able to stand waiting at a door in the rain。〃
Horace; Od。; iii。 10; 9。'
My face and eyes presently discover my condition; all my alterations
begin there; and appear somewhat worse than they really are; my friends
often pity me before I feel the cause in myself。 My looking…glass does
not frighten me; for even in my youth it has befallen me more than once
to have a scurvy complexion and of ill augury; without any great
consequence; so that the physicians; not finding any cause within
answerable to that outward alteration; attributed it to the mind and to
some secret passion that tormented me within; but they were deceived。
If my body would govern itself as well; according to my rule; as my mind
does; we should move a little more at our ease。 My mind was then not
only free from trouble; but; moreover; full of joy and satisfaction;
as it commonly is; half by its complexion; half by its design:
〃Nec vitiant artus aegrae contagia mentis。〃
'〃Nor do the troubles of the body ever affect my mind。〃
Ovid; Trist。; iii。 8; 25。'
I am of the opinion that this temperature of my soul has often raised my
body from its lapses; this is often depressed; if the other be not brisk
and gay; 'tis at least tranquil and at rest。 I had a quartan ague four
or five months; that made me look miserably ill; my mind was always; if
not calm; yet pleasant。 If the pain be without me; the weakness and
languor do not much afflict me; I see various corporal faintings; that
beget a horror in me but to name; which yet I should less fear than a
thousand passions and agitations of the mind that I see about me。 I make
up my mind no more to run; 'tis enough that I can crawl along; nor do I
more complain of the natural decadence that I feel in myself:
〃Quis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus?〃
'〃Who is surprised to see a swollen goitre in the Alps?〃
Juvenal; xiii。 162。'
than I regret that my duration shall not be as long and entire as that of
an oak。
I have no reason to complain of my imagination; I have had few thoughts
in my life that have so much as broken my sleep; except those of desire;
which have awakened without afflicting me。 I dream but seldom; and then
of chimaeras and fantastic things; commonly produced from pleasant
thoughts; and rather ridiculous than sad; and I believe it to be true
that dreams are faithful interpreters of our inclinations; but there is
art required to sort and understand them
〃Res; quae in vita usurpant homines; cogitant; curant; vident;
Quaeque agunt vigilantes; agitantque; ea si cui in somno accidunt;
Minus mirandum est。〃
'〃'Tis less wonder; what men practise; think; care for; see; and do
when waking; (should also run in their heads and disturb them when
they are asleep) and which affect their feelings; if they happen to
any in sleep。〃Attius; cited in Cicero; De Divin。; i。 22。'
Plato; moreover; says; that 'tis the office of prudence to draw
instructions of divination of future things from dreams: I don't know
about this; but there are wonderful instances of it that Socrates;
Xenophon; and Aristotle; men of irreproachable authority; relate。
Historians say that the Atlantes never dream; who also never eat any
animal food; which I add; forasmuch as it is; peradventure; the reason
why they never dream; for Pythagoras ordered a certain preparation of
diet to beget appropriate dreams。 Mine are very gentle; without any
agitation of body or expression of voice。 I have seen several of my time
wonderfully disturbed by them。 Theon the philosopher walked in his
sleep; and so did Pericles servant; and that upon the tiles and top of
the house。
I hardly ever choose my dish at table; but take the next at hand; and
unwillingly change it for another。 A confusion of meats and a clatter of
dishes displease me as much as any other confusion: I am easily satisfied
with few dishes: and am an enemy to the opinion of Favorinus; that in a
feast they should snatch from you the meat you like; and set a plate of
another sort before you; and that 'tis a pitiful supper; if you do not
sate your guests with the rumps of various fowls; the beccafico only
deserving to be all eaten。 I usually eat salt meats; yet I prefer bread
that has no salt in it; and my baker never sends up other to my table;
contrary to the custom of the country。 In my infancy; what they had most
to correct in me was the refusal of things that children commonly best
love; as sugar; sweetmeats; and march…panes。 My tutor contended with
this aversion to delicate things; as a kind of over…nicety; and indeed
'tis nothing else but a difficulty of taste; in anything it applies
itself to。 Whoever cures a child of an obstinate liking for brown bread;
bacon; or garlic; cures him also of pampering his palate。 There are some
who affect temperance and plainness by wishing for beef and ham amongst
the partridges; 'tis all very fine; this is the delicacy of the delicate;
'tis the taste of an effeminate fortune that disrelishes ordinary and
accustomed things。
〃Per qux luxuria divitiarum taedio ludit。〃
'〃By which the luxury of wealth causes tedium。〃Seneca; Ep。; 18。'
Not to make good cheer with what another is enjoying; and to be curious
in what a man eats; is the essence of this vice:
〃Si modica coenare times olus omne patella。〃
'〃If you can't be content with herbs in a small dish for supper。〃
Horace; Ep。; i。 5; 2。'
There is indeed this difference; that 'tis better to oblige one's
appetite to things that are most easy to be had; but 'tis always vice to
oblige one's self。 I formerly said a kinsman of mine was overnice; who;
by being in our galleys; had unlearned the use of beds and to undress
when he went to sleep。
If I had any sons; I should willingly wish them my fortune。 The good
father that God gave me (who has nothing of me but the acknowledgment of
his goodness; but truly 'tis a very hearty one) sent me from my cradle to
be brought up in a poor village of his; and there continued me all the
while I was at nurse; and still longer; bringing me up to the meanest and
most common way of living:
〃Magna pars libertatis est bene moratus venter。〃
'〃A well…governed stomach is a great part of liberty。〃
Seneca;Ep。; 123。'
Never take upon yourselves; and much less give up to your wives; the care
of their nurture; leave the formation to fortune; under popular and
natural laws; leave it to custom to train them up to frugality and
hardship; that they may rather descend from rigour than mount up to it。
This humour of his yet aimed at another end; to make me familiar with the
people and the condition of men who most need our assistance; considering
that I should rather regard them who extend their arms to me; than those
who turn their backs upon me; and for this reason it was that he provided
to hold me at the font persons of the meanest fortune; to oblige and
attach me to them。
Nor has his design succeeded altogether ill; for; whether upon the
account of the more honour in such a condescension; or out of a natural
compassion that has a very great power over me; I have an inclination
towards the meaner sort of people。 The faction which I should condemn in
our wars; I should more sharply condemn; flourishing and successful; it
will somewhat reconcile me to it; when I shall see it miserable and
overwhelmed。 How willingly do I admire the fine humour of Cheilonis;
daughter and wife to kings of Sparta。 Whilst her husband Cleombrotus; in
the commotion of her city; had