the.world.is.flat-第82章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
transmit values； than any transnational institutions on the planet。 Social and
environmental activists and progressive companies can now collaborate in ways that
can make both the companies more profitable and the flat earth more livable。
Compassionate flatism very much seeks to promote this type of collaboration。
Let me illustrate this notion with a couple of examples。 If you think about the forces
that are gobbling up biodiversity around the planet； none are more powerful than
farmers。 It is not that they are intending to be harmful； it is just in the nature
of what they do。 So how and where people farm and fish really matter to whether we
preserve naturalhabitats and species。 Conservation International； one of thebiggest
environmental NGOs in the world； has as its main mission preserving
biodiversity。 It is also a big believer in trying； when possible； to collaborate with
big business； because when you bring a major global player around； it can have a huge
impact on the environment。 In 2002； McDonald's and Conservation International forged
a partnership to use the McDonald's global supply chain…a behemoth that sucks beef；
fish； chicken； pork； bread； lettuce； pickles； tomatoes； and potatoes from all four
corners of the flat world…to produce not just value but also different values about
the environment。 〃We and McDonald's looked at a set of environmental issues and said；
'Here are the things the food suppliers could do to reduce the environmental impact
at little or no cost；'〃 explained Glenn Prickett； senior vice president of
Conservation International。
McDonald's then met with its key suppliers and worked out； with them and with CI；
a set of guidelines for what McDonald's calls 〃socially responsible food supply。〃
〃For conservationists the challenge is how do you get your arms around hundreds of
millions of decisions and decision makers involved in agriculture and fisheries； who
are not coordinated in any way except by the market；〃 said Prickett。 〃So what we look
for are partners who can put their purchasing power behind a set of environmentally
friendly practices in a way that is good for them； works for the producers； and is
good for biodiversity。 In that way； you can start to capture so many more decision
makers。 。 。 There is no global government authority to protect biodiversity。 You have
to collaborate with the players who can make a difference； and one of them is
McDonald's。〃
Conservation International is already seeing improvements in conservation of water；
energy； and waste； as well as steps to encourage better management of fisheries； among
McDonald's suppliers。 But it is still early； and one will have to assess over a period
of years； with comprehensive data collection； whether this is really having apositive
impact on the environment。 This form of collaboration cannot and should never be a
substitute for government rules and oversight。 But if it works； it can be a vehicle
for actually getting government rules implemented。 Environmentalists who prefer
government regulation to these more collaborative efforts often ignore the fact that
strong rules imposed against the will of farmers end up being weakly enforced…or not
enforced at all。
299
What is in this for McDonald's？ It is a huge opportunity to improve its global brand
by acting as a good global citizen。 Yes； this is； at root； a business opportunity
for McDonald's。 Sometimes the best way to change the world is by getting the big
players to do the right things for the wrong reasons； because waiting for them to
do the right things for the right reasons can mean waiting forever。 Conservation
International has struck similar supply…chain collaborations withStarbucks； setting
rules for its supply chain of coffee farmers； and Office Depot； with its supply chain
of paper…product providers。
What these collaborations do is start to 〃break down the walls between different
interest groups；〃 said Prickett。 Normally you would have the environmentalists on
one side and the farmers on the other and each side trying to get the government to
write the regulations in the way that would serve it。 Government would end up writing
the rules largely to benefit business。 〃Now； instead； we have a private entity saying；
'We want to use our global supply chain to do some good；' but we understand that to
be effective it has to be a collaboration with the farmers and the environmentalists
if it is going to have any impact；〃 Prickett said。
In this same vein； as a compassionate flatist； I would like to see a label on every
electronics good state whether the supply chain that produced it is in compliance
with the standards set down by the new HP…Dell…IBM alliance。 In October 2004； these
three giants joined forces in a collaborative effort with key members of their
computer and printer supply chains to promote a unified code of socially responsible
manufacturing practices across the world。 The new Electronics Industry Code of
Conduct includes bans on bribes； child labor； embezzlement and extortion； and
violations of intellectual property； rules governing usage of wastewater； hazardous
materials； pollutants； and regulations on the reporting of occupational injuries。
Several major electronics manufacturers who serve the IBM； Dell； and HP supply chains
collaborated on writing the code； including Celestica； Flextronics； Jabil；
Sanmina…SCI； and Solectron。
All HP suppliers； for instance； will be required to follow the code； though there
is flexibility in the timing of how they reach compliance。 〃We are completely prepared
and have terminated relationships with
300
suppliers we find to be repeatedly nonresponsive；〃 said HP spokeswoman Monica Sarkar。
As of October 2004； HP had assessed more than 150 of its 350 suppliers； including
factories in China； Mexico； Southeast Asia； and Eastern Europe。 It has set up a
steering committee with IBM and Dell in order to figure out exactly how they
collectively can review compliance and punish consistent violators。 Compliance is
everything； and so； again； it remains to be seen just how vigilant the corporations
will be with their suppliers。 Nevertheless； this use of supply chains to create
values…not just value…could be a wave of the future。
〃As we have begun to look to other ＇offshore＇ suppliers to do most of our manufacturing；
it has become clear to us that we have to assume some responsibility for how they
do that work；〃 explained Debra Dunn； HP's senior vice president of corporate affairs
and global citizenship。 First and foremost； that is what many of HP's customers want。
〃Customers care；〃 said Dunn； 〃and European customers lead the way in caring。 And human
rights groups and NGOs； who are gaining increasing global influence as trust in
corporations declines； are basically saying； 'You guys have the power here。 You are
global companies； you can set expectations that will influence environmental
practices and human rights practices in emerging markets。'〃
Those voices are right； and what is more； they can use the Internet to great effect；
if they want； to embarrass global corporations into compliance。
〃When you have the procurement dollars that HP and McDonald's have；〃 said Dunn；
〃people really want to do business with you； so you have leverage and are in a position
to set standards and ＇therefore＇ you have a responsibility to set standards。〃 The
role of global corporations in setting standards in emerging markets is doubly
important； because oftentimes local governments actually want to improve their
environmental standards。 They know it is important in the long run； but the pressure
to create jobs and live within budget constraints is overwhelming and therefore the
pressure to look the other way is overwhelming。 Countries like China； noted Dunn；
often actually want an outside force； like a global business coalition； to exert
pressure to drive
new values and standards at home that they are too weak to impose on themselves and
their own bureaucrats。 In The Lexus and the Olive Tree I called this form of value
creation 〃globalution；〃 or revolution from
