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case down the river among the seafaring men; how the ships lay in the

offing; as it's called; in rows or lines astern of one another; quite down

from the Pool as far as I could see。  I have been told that they lay in

the same manner quite down the river as low as Gravesend; and some

far beyond: even everywhere or in every place where they could ride

with safety as to wind and weather; nor did I ever hear that the plague

reached to any of the people on board those ships … except such as lay

up in the Pool; or as high as Deptford Reach; although the people

went frequently on shore to the country towns and villages and

farmers' houses; to buy fresh provisions; fowls; pigs; calves; and the

like for their supply。



Likewise I found that the watermen on the river above the bridge

found means to convey themselves away up the river as far as they

could go; and that they had; many of them; their whole families in

their boats; covered with tilts and bales; as they call them; and

furnished with straw within for their lodging; and that they lay thus all

along by the shore in the marshes; some of them setting up little tents

with their sails; and so lying under them on shore in the day; and

going into their boats at night; and in this manner; as I have heard; the

river…sides were lined with boats and people as long as they had

anything to subsist on; or could get anything of the country; and

indeed the country people; as well Gentlemen as others; on these and

all other occasions; were very forward to relieve them … but they were

by no means willing to receive them into their towns and houses; and

for that we cannot blame them。



There was one unhappy citizen within my knowledge who had been

visited in a dreadful manner; so that his wife and all his children were

dead; and himself and two servants only left; with an elderly woman;

a near relation; who had nursed those that were dead as well as she

could。  This disconsolate man goes to a village near the town; though

not within the bills of mortality; and finding an empty house there;

inquires out the owner; and took the house。  After a few days he got a

cart and loaded it with goods; and carries them down to the house; the

people of the village opposed his driving the cart along; but with some

arguings and some force; the men that drove the cart along got

through the street up to the door of the house。  There the constable

resisted them again; and would not let them be brought in。 The man

caused the goods to be unloaden and laid at the door; and sent the cart

away; upon which they carried the man before a justice of peace; that

is to say; they commanded him to go; which he did。  The justice

ordered him to cause the cart to fetch away the goods again; which he

refused to do; upon which the justice ordered the constable to pursue

the carters and fetch them back; and make them reload the goods and

carry them away; or to set them in the stocks till they came for further

orders; and if they could not find them; nor the man would not

consent to take them away; they should cause them to be drawn with

hooks from the house…door and burned in the street。  The poor

distressed man upon this fetched the goods again; but with grievous

cries and lamentations at the hardship of his case。  But there was no

remedy; self…preservation obliged the people to those severities which

they would not otherwise have been concerned in。  Whether this poor

man lived or died I cannot tell; but it was reported that he had the

plague upon him at that time; and perhaps the people might report that

to justify their usage of him; but it was not unlikely that either he or

his goods; or both; were dangerous; when his whole family had been

dead of the distempers so little a while before。



I know that the inhabitants of the towns adjacent to London were

much blamed for cruelty to the poor people that ran from the

contagion in their distress; and many very severe things were done; as

may be seen from what has been said; but I cannot but say also that;

where there was room for charity and assistance to the people; without

apparent danger to themselves; they were

willing enough to help and relieve them。  But as every town were

indeed judges in their own case; so the poor people who ran abroad in

their extremities were often ill…used and driven back again into the

town; and this caused infinite exclamations and outcries against the

country towns; and made the clamour very popular。



And yet; more or less; maugre all the caution; there was not a town

of any note within ten (or; I believe; twenty) miles of the city but what

was more or less infected and had some died among them。  I have

heard the accounts of several; such as they were reckoned up; as follows: …



     In Enfield           32          In Uxbridge        117

     〃  Hornsey           58               〃  Hertford    90

     〃  Newington         17          〃  Ware            160

     〃  Tottenham         42          〃  Hodsdon          30

     〃  Edmonton          19          〃  Waltham Abbey    23

     〃  Barnet and Hadly  19          〃  Epping           26

     〃  St Albans        121          〃  Deptford        623

     〃  Watford           45          〃  Greenwich       231

     〃  Eltham and Lusum  85          〃  Kingston        122

     〃  Croydon           61          〃  Stanes           82

     〃  Brentwood         70          〃  Chertsey         18

     〃  Rumford          109          〃  Windsor         103

     〃  Barking Abbot    200

     〃  Brentford        432                       Cum aliis。





Another thing might render the country more strict with respect to

the citizens; and especially with respect to the poor; and this was what

I hinted at before: namely; that there was a seeming propensity or a

wicked inclination in those that were infected to infect others。



There have been great debates among our physicians as to the

reason of this。  Some will have it to be in the nature of the disease;

and that it impresses every one that is seized upon by it with a kind of

a rage; and a hatred against their own kind … as if there was a

malignity not only in the distemper to communicate itself; but in the

very nature of man; prompting him with evil will or

an evil eye; that; as they say in the case of a mad dog; who though the

gentlest creature before of any of his kind; yet then will fly upon and

bite any one that comes next him; and those as soon as any who had

been most observed by him before。



Others placed it to the account of the corruption of human nature;

who cannot bear to see itself more miserable than others of its own

species; and has a kind of involuntary wish that all men were as

unhappy or in as bad a condition as itself。



Others say it was only a kind of desperation; not knowing or

regarding what they did; and consequently unconcerned at the danger

or safety not only of anybody near them; but even of themselves also。

And indeed; when men are once come to a condition to abandon

themselves; and be unconcerned for the safety or at the danger of

themselves; it cannot be so much wondered that they should be

careless of the safety of other people。



But I choose to give this grave debate a quite different turn; and

answer it or resolve it all by saying that I do not grant the fact。  On the

contrary; I say that the thing is not really so; but that it was a general

complaint raised by the people inhabiting the outlying villages against

the citizens to justify; or at least excuse; those hardships and severities

so much talked of; and in which complaints both sides may be said to

have injured one another; that is to say; the citizens pressing to be

received and harboured in time of distress; and with the plague upon

them; complain of the cruelty and injustice of the country people in

being refused entrance and forced back again with their goods and

families; and the inhabitants; finding 

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