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第11章

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Aldermen; and a certain number of the Common Council men; or

their deputies; came to a resolution and published it; viz。; that they

would not quit the city themselves; but that they would be always at

hand for the preserving good order in every place and for the doing

justice on all occasions; as also for the distributing the public charity

to the poor; and; in a word; for the doing the duty and discharging the

trust reposed in them by the citizens to the utmost of their power。



In pursuance of these orders; the Lord Mayor; sheriffs; &c。; held

councils every day; more or less; for making such dispositions as they

found needful for preserving the civil peace; and though they used the

people with all possible gentleness and clemency; yet all manner of

presumptuous rogues such as thieves; housebreakers; plunderers of the

dead or of the sick; were duly punished; and several declarations were

continually published by the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen

against such。



Also all constables and churchwardens were enjoined to stay in the

city upon severe penalties; or to depute such able and sufficient

housekeepers as the deputy aldermen or Common Council men of the

precinct should approve; and for whom they should give security; and

also security in case of mortality that they would forthwith constitute

other constables in their stead。



These things re…established the minds of the people very much;

especially in the first of their fright; when they talked of making so

universal a flight that the city would have been in danger of being

entirely deserted of its inhabitants except the poor; and the country of

being plundered and laid waste by the multitude。  Nor were the

magistrates deficient in performing their part as boldly as they

promised it; for my Lord Mayor and the sheriffs were continually in

the streets and at places of the greatest danger; and though they did

not care for having too great a resort of people crowding about them;

yet in emergent cases they never denied the people access to them;

and heard with patience all their grievances and complaints。  My Lord

Mayor had a low gallery built

on purpose in his hall; where he stood a little removed from the crowd

when any complaint came to be heard; that he might appear with as

much safety as possible。



Likewise the proper officers; called my Lord Mayor's officers;

constantly attended in their turns; as they were in waiting; and if any

of them were sick or infected; as some of them were; others were

instantly employed to fill up and officiate in their places till it was

known whether the other should live or die。



In like manner the sheriffs and aldermen did in their several stations

and wards; where they were placed by office; and the sheriff's officers

or sergeants were appointed to receive orders from the respective

aldermen in their turn; so that justice was executed in all cases

without interruption。  In the next place; it was one of their particular

cares to see

the orders for the freedom of the markets observed; and in this part

either the Lord Mayor or one or both of the sheriffs were every

market…day on horseback to see their orders executed and to see that

the country people had all possible encouragement and freedom in

their coming to the markets and going back again; and that no

nuisances or frightful objects should be seen in the streets to terrify

them or make them unwilling to come。  Also the bakers were taken

under particular order; and the Master of the Bakers' Company was;

with his court of assistants; directed to see the order of my Lord

Mayor for their regulation put in execution; and the due assize of

bread (which was weekly appointed by my Lord Mayor) observed; and

all the bakers were obliged to keep their oven going constantly; on

pain of losing the privileges of a freeman of the city of London。



By this means bread was always to be had in plenty; and as cheap as

usual; as I said above; and provisions were never wanting in the

markets; even to such a degree that I often wondered at it; and

reproached myself with being so timorous and cautious in stirring

abroad; when the country people came freely and boldly to market; as

if there had been no manner of infection in the city; or danger of

catching it。



It。 was indeed one admirable piece of conduct in the said

magistrates that the streets were kept constantly dear and free from all

manner of frightful objects; dead bodies; or any such things as were

indecent or unpleasant … unless where anybody fell down suddenly or

died in the streets; as I have said above; and these were generally

covered with some cloth or blanket; or removed into the next

churchyard till night。  All the needful works that carried terror with

them; that were both dismal and dangerous; were done in the night; if

any diseased bodies were removed; or dead bodies buried; or infected

clothes burnt; it was done in the night; and all the bodies which were

thrown into the great pits in the several churchyards or burying…

grounds; as has。 been observed; were so removed in the night; and

everything was covered and closed before day。  So that in the daytime

there was not the least signal of the calamity to be seen or heard of;

except what was to be observed from the emptiness of the streets; and

sometimes from the passionate outcries and lamentations of the

people; out at their windows; and from the numbers of houses and

shops shut up。



Nor was the silence and emptiness of the streets so much in the city

as in the out…parts; except just at one particular time when; as I have

mentioned; the plague came east and spread over all the city。  It was

indeed a merciful disposition of God; that as the plague began at one

end of the town first (as has been observed at large) so it proceeded

progressively to other parts; and did not come on this way; or

eastward; till it had spent its fury in the West part of the town; and so;

as it came on one way; it abated another。  For example; it began at St

Giles's and the Westminster end of the town; and it was in its height in

all that part by about the middle of July; viz。; in St Giles…in…the…Fields;

St Andrew's; Holborn; St Clement Danes; St Martin…in…the…Fields; and

in Westminster。  The latter end of July it decreased in those parishes;

and coming east; it increased prodigiously in Cripplegate; St

Sepulcher's; St James's; Clarkenwell; and St Bride's and Aldersgate。

While it was in all these parishes; the city and all the parishes of the

Southwark side of the water and all Stepney; Whitechappel; Aldgate;

Wapping; and Ratcliff; were very little touched; so that people went

about their business unconcerned; carried on their trades; kept open

their shops; and conversed freely with one another in all the city; the

east and north…east suburbs; and in Southwark; almost as if the plague

had not been among us。



Even when the north and north…west suburbs were fully infected;

viz。; Cripplegate; Clarkenwell; Bishopsgate; and Shoreditch; yet still

all the rest were tolerably well。  For example from 25th July to 1st

August the bill stood thus of all diseases: …



St Giles; Cripplegate                              554

St Sepulchers                                      250

Clarkenwell                                        103

Bishopsgate                                        116

Shoreditch                                         110

Stepney parish                                     127

Aldgate                                             92

Whitechappel                                       104

All the ninety…seven parishes within the walls     228

All the parishes in Southwark                      205

                                                 … 

     Total                                        1889







So that; in short; there died more that week in the two parishes of

Cripplegate and St Sepulcher by forty…eight than in all the 

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