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opposite Mount Hood; from which it came into the Willamette Valley

and then marched to Portland。  At Portland we all united; and moving

across the point between the Willamette and Columbia rivers; encamped

opposite Fort Vancouver; on the south bank of the latter stream; on

the farm of an old settler named Switzler; who had located there many

years before。









CHAPTER IV。



〃OLD RED〃SKILLFUL SHOOTINGYAKIMAWARA LUDICROUS MISTAKE

〃CUT…MOUTH JOHN'S〃 ENCOUNTERFATHER PANDOZA'S MISSIONA SNOW…STORM…

…FAILURE OF THE EXPEDITION。



Our camp on the Columbia; near Fort Vancouver; was beautifully

situated on a grassy sward close to the great river; andas little

duty was required of us after so long a journey; amusement of one

kind or another; and an interchange of visits with the officers at

the post; filled in the time acceptably。  We had in camp an old

mountaineer guide who had accompanied us on the recent march; and who

had received the sobriquet of 〃Old Red;〃 on account of the shocky and

tangled mass of red hair and beard; which covered his head and face

so completely that only his eyes could be seen。  His eccentricities

constantly supplied us with a variety of amusements。  Among the

pastimes he indulged in was one which exhibited his skill with the

rifle; and at the same time protected the camp from the intrusions

and ravages of a drove of razor…backed hogs which belonged to Mr。

Switzler。  These hogs were frequent visitors; and very destructive to

our grassy sward; rooting it up in front of our tents and all about

us; in pursuit of bulbous roots and offal from the camp。  Old Red

conceived the idea that it would be well to disable the pigs by

shooting off the tips of their snouts; and he proceeded to put his

conception into execution; and continued it daily whenever the hogs

made their appearance。  Of course their owner made a row about it;

but when Old Red daily settled for his fun by paying liberally with

gold…dust from some small bottles of the precious metal in his

possession; Switzler readily became contented; and I think even

encouraged the exhibitionsof skill。



It was at this period (October; 1855) that the Yakima Indian war

broke out; and I was detached from duty with the exploring party and

required by Major Gabriel J。 Rains; then commanding the district; to

join an expedition against the Yakimas。  They had some time before

killed their agent; and in consequence a force under Major Granville

O。 Haller had been sent out from the Dalles of the Columbia to

chastise them; but the expedition had not been successful; in fact;

it had been driven back; losing a number of men and two mountain

howitzers。



The object of the second expedition was to retrieve this disaster。

The force was composed of a small body of regular troops; and a

regiment of Oregon mounted volunteers under command of Colonel James

W。 Nesmithsubsequently for several years United States Senator from

Oregon。  The whole force was under the command of Major Rains; Fourth

Infantry; who; in order that he might rank Nesmith; by some

hocus…pocus had been made a brigadier…general; under an appointment

from the Governor of Washington Territory。



We started from the Dalles October 30; under conditions that were not

conducive to success。  The season was late for operations; and worse

still; the command was not in accord with the commanding officer;

because of general belief in his incompetency; and on account of the

fictitious rank he assumed。  On the second day out I struck a small

body of Indians with my detachment of dragoons; but was unable to do

them any particular injury beyond getting possession of a large

quantity of their winter food; which their hurried departure

compelled them to abandon。  This food consisted principally of dried

salmon…pulverized and packed in sacks made of grass…dried

huckleberries; and dried camas; the latter a bulbous root about the

size of a small onion; which; when roasted and ground; is made into

bread by the Indians and has a taste somewhat like cooked chestnuts。



Our objective point was Father Pandoza's Mission; in the Yakima

Valley; which could be reached by two different routes; and though

celerity of movement was essential; our commanding officer

〃strategically〃 adopted the longer route; and thus the Indians had

ample opportunity to get away with their horses; cattle; women and

children; and camp property。



After the encounter which I just now referred to; the command; which

had halted to learn the results of my chase; resumed its march to and

through the Klikitat canon; and into the lower Yakima Valley; in the

direction of the Yakima River。  I had charge at the head of the

column as it passed through the canon; and on entering the valley

beyond; saw in the distance five or six Indian scouts; whom I pressed

very closely; until after a run of several miles they escaped across

the Yakima River。



The soil in the valley was light and dry; and the movement of animals

over it raised great clouds of dust; that rendered it very difficult

to distinguish friend from foe; and as I was now separated from the

main column a considerable distance; I deemed it prudent to call a

halt until we could discover the direction taken by the principal

body of the Indians。  We soon learned that they had gone up the

valley; and looking that way; we discovered a column of alkali dust

approaching us; about a mile distant; interposing between my little

detachment and the point where I knew General Rains intended to

encamp for the night。  After hastily consulting with Lieutenant

Edward H。 Day; of the Third United States Artillery; who was with me;

we both concluded that the dust was caused by a body of the enemy

which had slipped in between us and our main force。  There seemed no

alternative left us but to get back to our friends by charging

through these Indians; and as their cloud of dust was much larger

than ours; this appeared a desperate chance。  Preparations to charge

were begun; however; but; much to our surprise; before they were

completed the approaching party halted for a moment and then

commenced to retreat。  This calmed the throbbing of our hearts; and

with a wild cheer we started in a hot pursuit; that continued for

about two miles; when to our great relief we discovered that we were

driving into Rains's camp a squadron of Nesmith's battalion of Oregon

volunteers that we had mistaken for Indians; and who in turn believed

us to be the enemy。  When camp was reached; we all indulged in a

hearty laugh ovor the affair; and at the fright each party had given

the other。  The explanations which ensued proved that the squadron of

volunteers had separated from the column at the same time that I had

when we debouched from the canon; and had pursued an intermediate

trail through the hills; which brought it into the valley of the

Yakima at a point higher up the river than where I had struck it。



Next day we resumed our march up the valley; parallel to the Yakima。

About 1 o'clock we saw a large body of Indians on the opposite side

of the river; and the general commanding made up his mind to cross

and attack them。  The stream was cold; deep; and swift; still I

succeeded in passing my dragoons over safely; but had hardly got them

well on the opposite bank when the Indians swooped down upon us。

Dismounting my men; we received the savages with a heavy fire; which

brought them to a halt with some damage and more or less confusion。



General Rains now became very much excited and alarmed about me; and

endeavored to ford the swift river with his infantry and artillery;

but soon had to abandon the attempt; as three or four of the poor

fellows were swept off their feet and drowned。  Meantime Nesmith came

up with his mounted force; crossed over; and joined me。



The Indians now fell back to a high ridge; on the crest of which they

marched and countermarched; threatening to charge down its

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