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September; the objective point of the campaign would have remained in

our hands without the battle of Chickamauga; but; as has been seen;

this was not done。  McCook was almost constantly on the march day and

night between the 13th and the 19th; ascending and descending

mountains; his men worried and wearied; so that when they appeared on

the battle…field; their fatigued condition operated greatly against

their efficiency。  This delay in concentration was also the original

cause of the continuous shifting toward our left to the support of

Thomas; by which manoeuvre Rosecrans endeavored to protect his

communications with Chattanooga; and out of which grew the intervals

that offered such tempting opportunities to Bragg。  In addition to

all this; much transpired on the field of battle tending to bring

about disaster。  There did not seem to be any well…defined plan of

action in the fighting; and this led to much independence of judgment

in construing orders among some of the subordinate generals。  It also

gave rise to much license in issuing orders: too many people were

giving important directions; affecting the whole army; without

authority from its head。  In view; therefore; of all the errors that

were committed from the time Chattanooga fell into our hands after

our first crossing the Tennessee; it was fortunate that the Union

defeat was not more complete; that it left in the enemy's possession

not much more than the barren results arising from the simple holding

of the ground on which the engagement was fought。









CHAPTER XVI。



AT CHATTANOOGATHE ENEMY FORTIFIES LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND MISSIONARY

RIDGEREORGANIZING THE ARMYREMOVAL OF GENERAL ROSECRANS

PUNISHMENT OF DESERTERSGRANT AT CHATTANOOGATHE FIGHT ON LOOKOUT

MOUNTAINA BRAVE COLOR…BEARERBATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE。



By 9 o'clock on the morning of September 22 my command took up a

position within the heavy line of intrenchments at Chattanooga; the

greater part of which defenses had been thrown up since the army

commenced arriving there the day before。  The enemy; having now

somewhat recovered from the shock of the recent battle; followed

carefully; and soon invested us close into our lines with a parallel

system of rifle…pits。  He also began at once to erect permanent lines

of earthworks on Missionary Ridge and to establish himself strongly

on Lookout Mountain。  He then sent Wheeler's cavalry north of the

Tennessee; and; aided greatly by the configuration of the ground;

held us in a state of partial siege; which serious rains might

convert into a complete investment。  The occupation of Lookout

Mountain broke our direct communication with Bridgeport…our sub…

depotand forced us to bring supplies by way of the Sequatchie

Valley and Waldron's Ridge of the Cumberland Mountains; over a road

most difficult even in the summer season; but now liable to be

rendered impassable by autumn rains。  The distance to Bridgeport by

this circuitous route was sixty miles; and the numerous passes;

coves; and small valleys through which the road ran offered tempting

opportunities; for the destruction of trains; and the enemy was not

slow to take advantage of them。  Indeed; the situation was not

promising; and General Rosecrans himself; in communicating with the

President the day succeeding the battle of Chickamauga; expressed

doubts of his ability to hold the gateway of the Cumberland

Mountains。



The position taken up by my troops inside the lines of Chattanooga

was near the old iron…works; under the shadow of Lookout Mountain。

Here we were exposed to a continual fire from the enemy's batteries

for many days; but as the men were well covered by secure though

simple intrenchments; but little damage was done。  My own

headquarters were established on the grounds of Mr。 William

Crutchfield; a resident of the place; whose devotion to the Union

cause knew no bounds; and who rendered meand; in fact; at one time

or another; nearly every general officer in the Army of the

Cumberlandinvaluable service in the way of information about the

Confederate army。  My headquarters camp frequently received shots

from the point of Lookout Mountain also; but fortunately no

casualties resulted from this plunging fire; though; I am free to

confess; at first our nerves were often upset by the whirring of

twenty…pounder shells dropped inconsiderately into our camp at

untimely hours of the night。



In a few days rain began to fali; and the mountain roads by which our

supplies came were fast growing impracticable。  Each succeeding train

of wagons took longer to make the trip from Bridgeport; and the draft

mules were dying by the hundreds。  The artillery horses would soon go

too; and there was every prospect that later the troops would starve

unless something could be done。  Luckily for my division; a company

of the Second Kentucky Cavalry had attached itself to my

headquarters; and; though there without authority; had been left

undisturbed in view of a coming reorganization of the army incidental

to the removal of McCook and Crittenden from the command of their

respective corps; a measure that had been determined upon immediately

after the battle of Chickamauga。  Desiring to remain with me; Captain

Lowell H。 Thickstun; commanding this company; was ready for any duty

I might find; for him; so I ordered him into the Sequatchie Valley

for the purpose of collecting supplies for my troops; and sent my

scout; Card along to guide him to the best locations。  The company

hid itself away in a deep cove in the upper end of the valley; and by

keeping very quiet and paying for everything it took from the people;

in a few days was enabled to send me large quantities of corn for my

animals and food for the officers and men; which greatly supplemented

the scanty supplies we were getting from the sub…depot at Bridgeport。

In this way I carried men and animals through our beleaguerment in

pretty fair condition; and of the turkeys; chickens; ducks; and eggs

sent in for the messes of my officers we often had enough to divide

liberally among those at different headquarters。  Wheeler's cavalry

never discovered my detached company; yet the chances of its capture

were not small; sometimes giving much uneasiness; still; I concluded

it was better to run all risks than to let the horses die of

starvation in Chattanooga。  Later; after the battle of Missionary

Ridge; when I started to Knoxville; the company joined me in

excellent shape; bringing with it an abundance of food; including a

small herd of beef cattle。



The whole time my line remained near the iron…mills the shelling from

Lookout was kept up; the screeching shots inquisitively asking in

their well…known way; 〃Where are you? Where are you?〃 but it is

strange to see how readily; soldiers can become accustomed to the

sound of dangerous missiles under circumstances of familiarity; and

this case was no exception to the rule。  Few casualties occurred; and

soon contempt took the place of nervousness; and as we could not

reply in kind on account of the elevation required for our guns; the

men responded by jeers and imprecations whenever a shell fell into

their camp。



Meantime; orders having been issued for the organization of the army;

additional troops were attached to my command; and it became the

Second Division of the Fourth Army Corps; to which Major…General

Gordon Granger was assigned as commander。  This necessitated a change

of position of the division; and I moved to ground behind our works;

with my right resting on Fort Negley and my left extending well over

toward Fort Wood; my front being parallel to Missionary Ridge。  My

division was now composed of twenty…five regiments; classified into

brigades and demi…brigades; the former commanded by Brigadier…General

G。 D。 Wagner; Colonel C。 G。 Harker; and Colonel F。 T。 Sherman; the

latter; by Colonels Laiboldt; Miller; Wood; Walworth; and Opdyke。

The demi…brigade was an aw

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