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retrograde movement would have left to the enemy the entire battle…

field of Stone River and ultimately compelled our retreat to

Nashville。



In the night of December 3rd several slight demonstrations were made

on my front; but from the darkness neither party felt the effect of

the other's fire; and when daylight came again the skirmishers and

lines of battle were in about the same position they had taken up the

evening before。  Soon after daybreak it became evident that the

conflict was to be renewed; and a little later the enemy resumed the

offensive by an attack along my left front; especially on Walker's

brigade。  His attempt was ineffectual; however; and so easily

repulsed as to demonstrate that the desperate character of his

assaults the day before had nearly exhausted his strength。  About 3

o'clock in the afternoon he made another feeble charge on my front;

but our fire from the barricades and rifle…pits soon demoralized his

advancing lines; which fell back in some confusion; thus enabling us

to pick up about a hundred prisoners。  From this time till the

evening of January 3 Bragg's left remained in our front; and

continued to show itself at intervals by weak demonstrations; which

we afterward ascertained were directly intended to cover the

desperate assault he made with Breckenridge on the left of Rosecrans;

an assault that really had in view only a defensive purpose; for

unless Bragg dislodged the troops which were now massing in front of

his right he would be obliged to withdraw General Polk's corps behind

Stone River and finally abandon Murfreesboro'。  The sequel proved

this to be the case; and the ill…judged assault led by Breckenridge

ending in entire defeat; Bragg retired from Murfreesboro' the night

of January 3。



General Rosecrans occupied Murfreesboro' on the 4th and 5th; having

gained a costly victory; which was not decisive enough in its

character to greatly affect the general course of the war; though it

somewhat strengthened and increased our hold on Middle Tennessee。

The enemy in retiring did not fall back very faronly behind Duck

River to Shelbyville and Tullahomaand but little endeavor was made

to follow him。  Indeed; we were not in condition to pursue; even if

it had been the intention at the outset of the campaign。



As soon as possible after the Confederate retreat I went over the

battle…field to collect such of my wounded as had not been carried

off to the South and to bury my dead。  In the cedars and on the

ground where I had been so fiercely assaulted when the battle opened;

on the morning of the 31st; evidences of the bloody struggle appeared

on every hand in the form of broken fire…arms; fragments of

accoutrements; and splintered trees。  The dead had nearly all been

left unburied; but as there was likelihood of their mutilation by

roving swine; the bodies had mostly been collected in piles at

different points and inclosed by rail fences。  The sad duties of

interment and of caring for the wounded were completed by the 5th;

and on the 6th I moved my division three miles; south of

Murfreesboro' on the Shelbyville pike; going into camp on the banks

of Stone River。  Here the condition of my command was thoroughly

looked into; and an endeavor made to correct such defects as had been

disclosed by the recent battle。



During the engagement there had been little straggling; and my list

of missing was small and legitimate; still; it was known that a very

few had shirked their duty; and an example was necessary。  Among this

small number were four officers who; it was charged; had abandoned

their colors and regiments。  When their guilt was clearly

established; and as soon as an opportunity occurred; I caused the

whole division to be formed in a hollow square; closed in mass; and

had the four officers marched to the centre; where; telling them that

I would not humiliate any officer or soldier by requiring him to

touch their disgraced swords; I compelled them to deliver theirs up

to my colored servant; who also cut from their coats every insignia

of rank。  Then; after there had been read to the command an order

from army headquarters dismissing the four from the service; the

scene was brought to a close by drumming the cowards out of camp。  It

was a mortifying spectacle; but from that day no officer in that

division ever abandoned his colors。



My effective force in the battle of Stone River was 4;154 officers

and men。  Of this number I lost 1;633 killed; wounded; and missing;

or nearly 40 per cent。  In the remaining years of the war; though

often engaged in most severe contests; I never experienced in any of

my commands so high a rate of casualties。  The ratio of loss in the

whole of Rosecrans's army was also high; and Bragg's losses were

almost equally great。  Rosecrans carried into the action about 42;000

officers and men。  He lost 13;230; or 31 per cent。  Bragg's effective

force was 37;800 officers and men; he lost 10;306; or nearly 28 per

cent。



Though our victory was dearly bought; yet the importance of gaining

the day at any price was very great; particularly when we consider

what might have been the result had not the gallantry of the army and

the manoeuvring during the early disaster saved us from ultimate

defeat。  We had started out from Nashville on an offensive campaign;

probably with no intention of going beyond Murfreesboro'; in

midwinter; but still with the expectation of delivering a crushing

blow should the enemy accept our challenge to battle。  He met us with

a plan of attack almost the counterpart of our own。  In the execution

of his plan he had many advantages; not the least of which was his

intimate knowledge of the ground; and he came near destroying us。

Had he done so; Nashville would probably have fallen; at all events;

Kentucky would have been opened again to his incursions; and the

theatre of war very likely transferred once more to the Ohio River。

As the case now stood; however; Nashville was firmly established as a

base for future operations; Kentucky was safe from the possibility of

being again overrun; and Bragg; thrown on the defensive; was

compelled to give his thoughts to the protection of the interior of

the Confederacy and the security of Chattanooga; rather than indulge

in schemes of conquest north of the Cumberland River。  While he still

held on in Middle Tennessee his grasp was so much loosened that only

slight effort would be necessary to push him back into Georgia; and

thus give to the mountain region of East Tennessee an opportunity to

prove its loyalty to the; Union。



The victory quieted the fears of the West and Northwest; destroyed

the hopes of the secession element in Kentucky; renewed the drooping

spirits of the East Tennesseans; and demoralized the disunionists in

Middle Tennessee; yet it was a negative victory so far as concerned

the result on the battle…field。  Rosecrans seems to have planned the

battle with the idea that the enemy would continue passive; remain

entirely on the defensive; and that it was necessary only to push

forward our left in order to force the evacuation of Murfreesboro';

and notwithstanding the fact that on the afternoon of December 30

McCook received information that the right of Johnson's division。

resting near the Franklin pike; extended only to about the centre of

the Confederate army; it does not appear that attack from that

quarter was at all apprehended by the Union commanders。



The natural line of retreat of the Confederates was not threatened by

the design of Rosecrans; and Bragg; without risk to his

communications; anticipated it by a counter…attack of like character

from his own left; and demolished his adversary's plan the moment we

were thrown on the defensive。  Had Bragg followed up with the spirit

which characterized its beginning the successful attack by Hardee on

our right wingand there seems no reason why he should not have done

sothe army of Rosec

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