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post was nearly completed and its garrison increased by the arrival

of Captain F。 T。 Denta brother…in…law of Captain Ulysses S。 Grant

with his company of the Fourth Infantry; in April; 1857。  In the

summer of 1856; and while I was still on duty there; the Coquille

Indians on the Siletz; and down near the Yaquina Bay; became; on

account of hunger and prospective starvation; very much excited and

exasperated; getting beyond the control of their agent; and even

threatening his life; so a detachment of troops was sent out to set

things to rights; and I took command of it。  I took with me most of

the company; and arrived at Yaquina Bay in time to succor the agent;

who for some days had been besieged in a log hut by the Indians and

had almost abandoned hope of rescue。



Having brought with me over the mountains a few head of beef cattle

for the hungry Indians; without thinking of running any great

personal risk I had six beeves killed some little distance from my

camp; guarding the meat with four Soldiers; whom I was obliged to

post as sentinels around the small area on which the carcasses lay。

The Indians soon formed a circle about the sentinels; and impelled by

starvation; attempted to take the beef before it could be equally

divided。  This was of course resisted; when they drew their knives

their guns having been previously taken away from themand some of

the inferior chiefs gave the signal to attack。  The principal chief;

Tetootney John; and two other Indians joined me in the centre of the

circle; and protesting that they would die rather than that the

frenzied onslaught should succeed; harangued the Indians until the

rest of the company hastened up from camp and put an end to the

disturbance。  I always felt grateful to Tetootney John for his

loyalty on this occasion; and many times afterward aided his family

with a little coffee and sugar; but necessarily surreptitiously; so

as not to heighten the prejudices that his friendly act had aroused

among his Indian comrades。



The situation at Yaquina Bay did not seem very safe; notwithstanding

the supply of beef we brought; and the possibility that the starving

Indians might break out was ever present; so to anticipate any

further revolt; I called for more troops。  The request was complied

with by sending to my assistance the greater part of my own company

(〃K〃)from Fort Yamhill。  The men; inspired by the urgency of our

situation; marched more than forty miles a day; accomplishing the

whole distance in so short a period; that I doubt if the record has

ever been beaten。  When this reinforcement arrived; the Indians saw

the futility of further demonstrations against their agent; who they

seemed to think was responsible for the insufficiency of food; and

managed to exist with the slender rations we could spare and such

indifferent food as they could pick up; until the Indian Department

succeeded in getting up its regular supplies。  In the past the poor

things had often been pinched by hunger and neglect; and at times

their only food was rock oysters; clams and crabs。  Great quantities

of these shell…fish could be gathered in the bay near at hand; but

the mountain Indians; who had heretofore lived on the flesh of

mammal; did not take kindly to mollusks; and; indeed; ate the shell…

fish only as a last resort。



Crab catching at night on the Yaquina Bay by the coast Indians was a

very picturesque scene。  It was mostly done by the squaws and

children; each equipped with a torch in one hand; and a sharp…pointed

stick in the other to take and lift the fish into baskets slung on

the back to receive them。  I have seen at times hundreds of squaws

and children wading about in Yaquina Bay taking crabs in this manner;

and the reflection by the water of the light from the many torches;

with the movements of the Indians while at work; formed a weird and

diverting picture of which we were never tired。



Not long after the arrival of the additional troops from Yamhill; it

became apparent that the number of men at Yaquina Bay would have to

be reduced; so in view of this necessity; it was deemed advisable to

build a block…house for the better protection of the agents and I

looked about for suitable ground on which to erect it。  Nearly all

around the bay the land rose up from the beach very abruptly; and the

only good site that could be found was some level ground used as the

burial…place of the Yaquina Bay Indiansa small band of fish…eating

people who had lived near this point on the coast for ages。  They

were a robust lot; of tall and well…shaped figures; and were called

in the Chinook tongue 〃salt chuck;〃 which means fish…eaters; or

eaters of food from the salt water。  Many of the young men and women

were handsome in feature below the forehead; having fine eyes;

aquiline noses and good mouths; but; in conformity with a long…

standing custom; all had flat heads; which gave them a distorted and

hideous appearance; particularly some of the women; who went to the

extreme of fashion and flattened the head to the rear in a sharp

horizontal ridge by confining it between two boards; one running back

from the forehead at an angle of about forty degrees; and the other

up perpendicularly from the back of the neck。  When a head had been

shaped artistically the dusky maiden owner was marked as a belle; and

one could become reconciled to it after a time; but when carelessness

and neglect had governed in the adjustment of the boards; there

probably was nothing in the form of a human being on the face of the

earth that appeared so ugly。



It was the mortuary ground of these Indians that occupied the only

level spot we could get for the block…house。  Their dead were buried

in canoes; which rested in the crotches of forked sticks a few feet

above…ground。  The graveyard was not large; containing probably from

forty to fifty canoes in a fair state of preservation。  According to

the custom of all Indian tribes on the Pacific coast; when one of

their number died all his worldly effects were buried with him; so

that the canoes were filled with old clothes; blankets; pieces of

calico and the like; intended for the use of the departed in the

happy hunting grounds。



I made known to the Indians that we would have to take this piece of

ground for the blockhouse。  They demurred at first; for there is

nothing more painful to an Indian than disturbing his dead; but they

finally consented to hold a council next day on the beach; and thus

come to some definite conclusion。  Next morning they all assembled;

and we talked in the Chinook language all day long; until at last

they gave in; consenting; probably; as much because they could not

help themselves; as for any other reason。  It was agreed that on the

following day at 12 o'clock; when the tide was going out; I should

take my men and place the canoes in the bay; and let them float out

on the tide across the ocean to the happy hunting…grounds:



At that day there existed in Oregon in vast numbers a species of

wood…rat; and our inspection of the graveyard showed that the canoes

were thickly infested with them。  They were a light gray animal;

larger than the common gray squirrel; with beautiful bushy tails;

which made them strikingly resemble the squirrel; but in cunning and

deviltry they were much ahead of that quick…witted rodent。  I have

known them to empty in one night a keg of spikes in the storehouse in

Yamhill; distributing them along the stringers of the building; with

apparently no other purpose than amusement。  We anticipated great fun

watching the efforts of these rats to escape the next day when the

canoes should be launched on the ocean; and I therefore forbade any

of the command to visit the graveyard in the interim; lest the rats

should be alarmed。  I well knew that they would not be disturbed by

the Indians; who held the sacred spot in awe。  When the work of

taking down the canoes and carrying them to the wat

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