flying machines-第40章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
with explosive bombs dropped or discharged from flying machines
or airships； is one which is much discussed but hardly
yet determined。
Aeroplanes have been constructed with floats in the place
of runners and several attempts have been made； in some
cases successfully； to light with them on and to rise from the
water。 Mr。 Curtiss did this at San Francisco； in January；
1911。 Attempts have also been made with the aeroplane to
alight on and to take flight from the deck of a warship。 Toward
the end of 1910 Aviator Ely flew to land from the
cruiser Birmingham； and in January； 1911； he flew from land
and alighted on the cruiser Pennsylvania。 But in these cases
special arrangements were made which would be hardly practicable
in a time of actual war。
In November； 1911； a test was made at Newport； R。 I。； by
Lieut。 Rodgers； of the navy； of a 〃hydro…areoplane〃 as an
auxiliary to a battleship。 The idea of the test was to alight
alongside of the ship； hoist the machine aboard； put out to sea
and launch the machine again with the use of a crane。 Lieut。
Rodgers came down smoothly alongside the Ohio； his machine
was easily drawn aboard with a crane； and the Ohio steamed
down to the open sea； where it was blowing half a gale。 But；
owing to the misjudgment of the ship's headway； one of the
wings of the machine when it struck the water after being
released from the crane； went under the water and was
snapped off。 Lieut。 Rodgers was convinced that this method
was too risky and that some other must be devised。
CHAPTER XXVIII。
GLOSSARY OF AERONAUTICAL TERMS。
Aerodrome。Literally a machine that runs in the air。
Aerofoil。The advancing transverse section of an aeroplane。
Aeroplane。A flying machine of the glider pattern；
used in contra…distinction to a dirigible balloon。
Aeronaut。A person who travels in the air。
Aerostat。A machine sustaining weight in the air。 A
balloon is an aerostat。
Aerostatic。Pertaining to suspension in the air； the
art of aerial navigation。
Ailerons。Small stabilizing planes attached to the main
planes to assist in preserving equilibrium。
Angle of Incidence。Angle formed by making comparison
with a perpendicular line or body。
Angle of Inclination。Angle at which a flying machine
rises。 This angle； like that of incidence； is obtained
by comparison with an upright； or perpendicular line。
Auxiliary Planes。Minor plane surfaces； used in conjunction
with the main planes for stabilizing purposes。
Biplane。A flying…machine of the glider type with two
surface planes。
Blade Twist。The angle of twist or curvature on a
propeller blade。
Cambered。Curve or arch in plane； or wing from port
to starboard。
Chassis。The under framework of a flying machine； the
framework of the lower plane。
Control。System by which the rudders and stabilizing
planes are manipulated。
Dihedral。Having two sides and set at an angle； like
dihedral planes； or dihedral propeller blades。
Dirigible。Obedient to a rudder； something that may
be steered or directed。
Helicopter。Flying machine the lifting power of which
is furnished by vertical propellers。
Lateral Curvature。Parabolic form in a transverse direction。
Lateral Equilibrium or Stability。Maintenance of the
machine on an even keel transversely。 If the lateral
equilibrium is perfect the extreme ends of the machine
will be on a dead level。
Longitudinal Equilibrium or Stability。Maintenance of
the machine on an even keel from front to rear。
Monoplane。Flying machine with one supporting； or
surface plane。
Multiplane。Flying machine with more than three surface
planes。
Ornithopter。Flying machine with movable bird…like
wings。
Parabolic Curves。Having the form of a parabolaa
conic section。
Pitch of Propeller Blade。See 〃Twist。〃
Ribs。The pieces over which the cloth covering is
stretched。
Spread。The distance from end to end of the main surface；
the transverse dimension。
Stanchions。Upright pieces connecting the upper and
lower frames。
Struts。The pieces which hold together longitudinally
the main frame beams。
Superposed。Placed one over another。
Surface Area。The amount of cloth…covered supporting
surface which furnishes the sustaining quality。
Sustentation。Suspension in the air。 Power of sustentation；
the quality of sustaining a weight in the air。
Triplane。Flying machine with three surface planes。
Thrust of Propeller。Power with which the blades displace
the air。
Width。The distance from the front to the rear edge
of a flying machine。
Wind Pressure。The force exerted by the wind when
a body is moving against it。 There is always more
or less wind pressure； even in a calm。
Wing Tips。The extreme ends of the main surface
planes。 Sometimes these are movable parts of the
main planes； and sometimes separate auxiliary planes。
End
