04道德经英译本85种-第485章
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Strange things happen。
Laws; rules; statutes and ordinances being many;
Thieves; bandits and dissidents increase and abound。
Thus the Sage says:
If I do nothing;
The people will spontaneously resolve contention。
If I love quietude;
The people will spontaneously become tranquil; honest and righteous。
If I cease interference;
The people will spontaneously prosper。
If I have no desires;
The people will spontaneously return to their original simplicity。
58
CYCLE OF CHANGES
When the government governs little; ruling with a light hand;
The people are happy and content。
When the government governs much; ruling with severity;
The people are tense and contentious。
A continuing cycle …
Misery and calamity; being unsustainable;
Are precursors of happiness to come。
Likewise happiness; A precursor of misery and calamity。
At any moment; one rarely takes to heart the certainty of this cycle;
For the realization of certainty is itself uncertain。
With good turning to evil and evil to good;
What is right; what is wrong ?
No wonder mankind has been long astray。
The Sage; Knowing what is best; is just … Not forcing others to conform。
Having integrity; does not injure others。
Being straightforward; is gently firm。
Emitting light without display;
Flows spontaneously toward his destination。
59
VITAL ENERGY
Establishing a reserve of vital energy; A precious Ch'i …
Heaven may be well served。
So doing …
Permits return to the essence of life;
In turn; nourishing and increasing an abundance of Te。
Now;
Overcoming all difficulty …
Gaining infinite capacity …
Being beyond all limitations …
Suitability for leading and serving nations is achieved。
Holding to the Tao; the government of nations may endure。
Having a firm foundation; Deeply rooted; abundantly strong;
The Tao of long life and durable vision is achieved。
60
GENTLENESS
Rule and govern All Things with gentleness;
In harmony with the Tao。
Thus does the power of evil spirits remain unfulfilled …
Neither does the good spirit of the Sage cause harm。
The Sage himself; being likewise protected;
Unity and perfect harmony prevail for all。
61
THE YIELDING NATION
A great nation; like a river delta;
Receives the riches of the land。
In being receptive … possessing the Yin;
Receiving the Yang unto it;
Overcomes all by its very peacefulness and quietude。
So …
A great nation; placing itself below a lesser;
Absorbs the lesser。
A lesser nation; submitting to a greater;
Conquers and wins adherence of the greater。
Thus …
To absorb; conquer and win adherence;
… One must yield。
Truly …
Those who triumph; do so by yielding。
A great nation prospers by absorbing;
A lesser by joining and participating。
For both to so benefit;
the greater nation needs be a yielding nation。
62
THE TREASURED TAO
The Tao; being the source and pivotal support of All Things;
Is a treasure to the virtuous; a refuge for the unworthy。
Fine words; being worthy of honor;
Noble deeds; deserving of respect;
Even the evil and unworthy are not forsaken by the Tao。
Thus now; as in ancient days;
Upon coronations and important appointments of state;
A better gift than worldly things;
Is the quiet offering of the Tao。
The Tao; so prized from antiquity to this day;
Rewarding those spontaneously seeking it;
Freeing the spirit of evil ones;
Is of All Things; most highly treasured。
63
THE DIFFICULT AND THE EASY
Practicing Wu…Wei;
… Act without acting。
… Work without doing。
… Taste without tasting。
Small becomes great; few becomes many;
The unkind is rewarded with kindness。
Let simplicity emerge from complication。
Dealing with trouble while still mere bother;
Resolution emerges from potential difficulty。
Truly; dealing effectively with great problems;
Requires attention before those problems achieve great magnitude。
Thus the Sage; by never dealing with problems of great magnitude;
Achieves greatness。
Glib promises can rarely be kept。
Ostensibly easy accomplishment rarely lacks difficulty of performance。
The Sage; ever mindful of difficulty;
Encounters no difficulty。
64
OVERT ACTION
Remaining still; it is easy to hold。
Unmanifest and unforetold; there are no limits for the making of plans。
Being brittle; it is easy to shatter。
Being small; it is easy to disperse。
Deal then with formative troubles before catastrophic events occur …
Create order before confusion can begin。
Truly …
The giant tree begins as a tiny sprout。
The high tower begins as a heap of earth。
The long journey begins as a single step from where one stands。
Overt acting causes harm and failure。
Overt grasping causes loss。
Thus the Sage;
Acting not; neither harms or fails
。 Grasping not; does not lose。
How often people fail as; using overt action;
They are just about to succeed。
Being as careful at the end as at the beginning;
Not interfering with the natural course of things;
Failure is averted。
Therefore The Sage:
… Desires to have what is unwanted。
… Values not objects which are difficult to obtain。
… Learns spontaneously without overt 〃Learning〃。
… Returns to the tried and true of old;
So that All Things are restored to their own true nature。
Acting spontaneously from inborn direction;
He avoids overt action。
65
ESTABLISHING HARMONY
The ancient Sages; knowing the natural Tao;
Refrained from schooling others in intellectual enlightenment。
Calculative thinking and strict intellectual processes were discouraged;
For people were argumentative and difficult t《 lead when so schooled。
Leading …
Through intellect alone … harmful to all;
Through encouraging the simple and natural intuitive part of mankind … a blessing to all。
Understanding the difference between these;
A test and a standard exists。
Being able to apply this test and standard;
Is a profoundly mysterious virtue。
This Te;
Being deep; penetrating and far reaching …
All Things return to their natural state;
Bringing the original complete harmony to all。
66
HUMILITY
How much greater are the oceans and seas
Than the many lesser streams they rule。
The grand oceans and seas …
Obtaining their greatness and dominion; by being lower;
Receive thereby; the homage of hundreds of streams。
The Sage;
In order to be over people to guide them;
Places himself beneath them; serving them with humility。
In order to lead them;
Must follow behind them。
Accordingly; the Sage is truly over people;
Leading them without oppressing them。
Standing before them; protects them from harm。
All people; tirelessly lending him support;
Follow him。
Not competing with anyone;
None contend with him。
67
THE THREE TREASURES
While being recognized and proclaimed as great by consensus of all people;
Yet the Tao is indescribable。
Being indescribable by common standards;
It is great。
Were it so describable;
Its greatness would have long ago vanished。
From it; three great treasures are possessed;
To be embraced; guarded and kept secure。
The first is Tzu;
Characterized by gentleness; compassion; mercy and nurturing love。
The second; Chien;
By renunciation; frugality and economy which limits possession to no more than that which is truly needed。
When encompassing the third;
One rejects the need for worldly preeminence。
Possessing the first;
Is to possess courage。
Being frugal;
It is possible to be generous。
No longer needing preeminence;
One