04道德经英译本85种-第482章
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Call it 〃The Great〃。
Being great it flows; extending itself endlessly。
Thus flowing; it is called far…reaching。
Being far…reaching; it ultimately returns
whence it started。
Accordingly;
Just as Tao is great … the ultimate essence;
So; heaven is great … the creative essence; Clear and pure。
Earth is great … the receptive essence; Massive and stable。
Humanity is great … the harmonious essence;
Intelligent and sensitive。
Note then; that humanity is one of the four great essences。
While humanity is conditioned by earthly essence;
And earth is conditioned by heavenly essence;
And heaven is conditioned by the essence of Tao;
The Tao; conforms to its own nature。
26
HEAVY AND LIGHT CHARACTER
As heaviness of character; honesty and generosity
Are the root of lightness; frivolity and quick wit。
So motion and activity spring from
Serenity; tranquility and quietude。
Thus the Sage:
Even while traveling and moving about all day;
Never loses his poise;
Departs; not from his true nature。
Tho' presented with magnificence; beauty;
grace; glory; honor; splendor; and comfort;
He remains calm; leisurely;
quiet and dispassionate。
The leader with great responsibility;
Conducting himself with frivolity;
Imperils himself; and he will fail。
Exercising hasty restless action;
He will lose mastery over himself。
27
THE PERFECT
Running perfectly; Neither track nor trace is seen。
Speaking perfectly; Neither slip nor flaw。
Calculating perfectly; Neither tally nor counter is needed。
The perfect door; needing neither bolt nor bar; Cannot be opened。
The perfect knot; needing neither rope nor twine
Cannot be untied。
Thus the Sage; Perfect in helping humankind; No one is rejected nor abandoned。
Perfect in caring for All Things; Nothing is laid waste nor discarded。
In so doing; cunningly secures knowledge of the laws of nature;
And uses this knowledge in a Wu…Wei manner
Therefore:
As the perfect is the teacher of the imperfect;
The imperfect is a valuable experience for the perfect。
Either teacher … either student;
Not honoring the teacher;
Not loving and caring for the student;
Though learned and wise;
Is deluded and deceived。
Such is the subtle mystery。
28
YIN POWER
She …
Knowing the Yang; yet keeping to the Yin;
Like a valley stream receives All Things under the heavens。
Never departing from the eternal Te;
Returns to the innocence of childhood。
She …
Knowing whiteness; lightness and glory; yet;
Keeping to blackness; darkness and humility;
becomes an example to the world。
Never deviating from the eternal Te;
Returns to the ultimate mysterious
primordial essence。
She …
Knowing honor and glory; yet;
Keeping to obscurity and humility;
becomes the receptive valley of the world。
Being proficient in the eternal Te;
Returns; as to an uncarved block。
As uncarved wood is cut …
The Tao is transformed into myriad things。
The Sage; in using it; attains awesome power。
A truly wise ruler is a careful carver;
Ruling as sparsely and carefully
as she carves。
29
FOLLY OF HARD CONTROL
Those who would conquer the world by making humankind and events
conform to their desire;
Never succeed …
For the sovereignty of the world is
subtle; sacred; spiritual。
Tampering with it; shaping or changing it;
Harms; mars; spoils and destroys it。
Reaching for it; grabbing or grasping at it;
It is gone … lost。
There exists constant alternation …
Advance … Retreat
Blowing Hot … Blowing Cold
Strength … Weakness
Rise … Fall
The Sage; therefore; avoids all extremes;
extravagances and excesses。
30
USE OF FORCE
The wise leader of people; in following ;the Tao;
Conquers without using force of arms;
For it is in the nature of direct force to rebound
… violence begetting violence;
repaying the wielder in kind。
Knowing that forceful conflict produces
a battleground of thorns and bramble extending far beyond the point of conflict;
It is inevitable that conflict be followed by great famine and deprivation。
A wise leader effects the purpose at hand; and stops …
Not continuing the use of power for its own sake。
Achieving the purpose:
… Does not brag about it。
… Does not boast of it。
… Does not take pride in it。
… Considers any conflict an unavoidable and regrettable necessity。
… Does not delight in domination
and violence。
Knowing that loss follows gain;
decay follows vigor
and that violence is not consistent with the Tao;
Then that which is inconsistent with the Tao;
Must in time; perish。
31
ARMS AND WEAPONS
Arms and weapons;
Being instruments of destruction; Are despised by all。
They are avoided by followers of the Tao。
As instruments of evil; they are spurned by good leaders;
Being used with calm restraint only when no other choice prevails。
A good leader does not regard victory with rejoicing;
For to delight in victory is to delight
in the slaughter of people。
To delight in slaughter is to fail
in one's purpose。
In ancient social custom …
The left is the place of honor
for ceremonies at home。
At war; the place of honor is at the right。
Thus;
Good omen and happy occasions favor the left。
Ill omen and such sad occasions as
funeral rites; favor the right。
Observe then with grief and sorrow the slaughter
accompanying victory of arms; for;
Victory of arms and funeral ceremony
truly share the same rite。
32
THE UNCARVED BLOCK
The Tao; eternal and nameless;
Is as an uncarved block …
Seemingly simple and insignificant;
Is inferior to nothing under the heavens。
If leaders were to embrace it within their own true natures;
Loyalty would come to them as effortlessly as
heaven and earth send the rains and dew。
There being no compulsion;
All would be in harmony。
Carving the block creates identity。
Identity causes names。
Names cause differentiation and distinction …
Harmony ceases。
Thus;
As names are perceived …
As distinctions among people arise …
Stop!
Knowing when to stop; danger may be avoided。
Tao in the affairs of the world is as natural as the rivers seeking the seas。
33
KNOWING ONESELF
To know and understand others; Is to have wisdom。
To know and understand oneself; Is to have wisdom and enlightenment。
To conquer others; Is to have physical force。
To conquer oneself; Is to have physical force as well as internal strength。
To be content with what one has; Is to be rich indeed。
To act with perseverance; Is to be strong willed。
To preserve one's natural essence; Is to endure。
To die; Is not to perish。
One's eternal presence is true longevity。
34
GREATNESS
The great Tao; flowing everywhere;
May go this way or that;
To the left or to the right。
All Things depending upon it for existence;
It is generous; no grace is withheld。
Silently and freely fulfilling its purpose and destiny;
It lays no possessive claim。
Nourishing and protecting All Things;
It has no desire to be master over them。
Without desire; asking for nothing;
Some may call it 〃The Small〃。
However; All Things belonging and returning to it …
Tho' it lays no claim to master them;
It is called 〃The Great〃。
Thus the Sage
Never making a show of greatness …
Manifests true greatness。
35
TAO PRESENCE
Tao presence in mind;
Quietude; comfort and harmony appear。
As music pleasures the soul …
As fine food delights the senses …
Passing strangers take note; pause to enjoy。