04道德经英译本85种-第475章
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And because he does not compete; therefore no one in the world can compete with him。
The ancient saying 'Be humble and you will remain entire'… Can this be regarded as mere empty words? Indeed he shall return home entire。
23
To be sparing of words is natural。 A violent wind cannot last a whole morning; pelting rain cannot last a whole day。
Who have made these things but heaven and earth? Inasmuch as heaven and earth cannot last forever; how can man?
He who engages himself in Tao is identified with Tao。 He who engages himself in virtue is identified with virtue。 He who engages himself in abandonment is identified with abandonment。
Identified with Tao he will be well received by Tao。 Identified with virtue he will be well received by virtue。 Identified with abandonment he will be well received by abandonment。
24
A man on tiptoe cannot stand firm; A man astride cannot walk on;
A man who displays himself cannot shine; A man who approves himself cannot be noted;
A man who praises himself cannot have merit; A man who glories in himself cannot excel:
These; when compared with Tao; are…called; 'Excess in food and overdoing action。' Even in other things; mostly; they are rejected; Therefore the man of Tao does not stay with them。
25
There is a thing inherent and natural; Which existed before heaven and earth。 Motionless and fathomless; It stands alone … and never changes; It pervades everywhere and never becomes exhausted。 It may be regarded as the Mother of the Universe。
I do not know its name。 If I am forced to give it a name; I call it Tao; and I name it as supreme。
Supreme means going on; Going on means going far; Going far means returning。
Therefore Tao is supreme; heaven is supreme; earth is supreme; and man is also supreme; There are in the universe four things supreme; and man is one of them。
Man follows the laws of earth; Earth follows the laws of heaven; Heaven follows the laws of Tao; Tao follows the laws of its intrinsic nature。
26
Heaviness is the basis of lightness; Calmness is the controlling power of hastiness。
Therefore the Sage; though traveling all day long; Never separates from his baggage…wagon; Though surrounded with magnificent sights; He lives in tranquillity。
How is it; then; that a king of ten thousand chariots Should conduct himself so lightly in the empire?
To be light is to lose the basis; To be hasty is to lose the controlling power。
27
A good traveler leaves no track; A good speaker leaves no error; A good reckoner needs no counter;
A good closer needs no bars or bolts; And yet it is impossible to open after him。 A good fastener needs no cords or knots; And yet it is impossible to untie after him。
Even if men be bad; why should they be rejected? Therefore the Sage is always a good saviour of men; And no man is rejected; He is a good saviour of things; And nothing is rejected: This is called double enlightenment。
Therefore good men are had men's instructors; And bad men are good men's materials。
Those who do not esteem their instructors; And those who do not love their materials; Though expedient; are in fact greatly confused。 This is essential subtlety。
28
He who knows the masculine and yet keeps to the feminine Will become a channel drawing all the world towards it; Being a channel of the world; he will not be severed from the eternal virtue; And then he can return again to the state of infancy。
He who knows the white and yet keeps to the black Will become the standard of the world; Being the standard of the world; with him eternal virtue will never falter; And then he can return again to the absolute。
He who knows honour and yet keeps to humility Will become a valley that receives all the world into it; Being a valley of the world; with him eternal virtue Will be complete; And then he can return again to wholeness。
Wholeness; when divided; will make vessels of utility; These when employed by the Sage will become officials and chiefs。 However; for a great function no discrimination is needed。
29
When a man is to take the world over and shape it; I see that he must be obliged to do it。
For the world is a divine vessel: It cannot be shaped; Nor can it be insisted upon。 He who shapes it damages it; He who insists upon it loses it。
Therefore the Sage does not shape it; so he does not damage it; 'He does not insist upon it; so be does not lose it。 'For; among all things; some go ahead; while others lag behind; Some keep their mouth shut; while others give forth puffs; Some are strong; while others are weak; Some are on the cart; while others fall off。
Therefore the Sage avoids excess; extravagance and indulgence。
30
He who assists a ruler of men with Tao does not force the world with arms。
For the actions of arms will be well requited; where armies have been quartered brambles and thorns grow。 Great wars are for certain followed by years of scarcity。
He aims only at carrying out relief; and does not venture to force his power upon others。
When relief is done; he will not be assuming; He will not be boastful; he will not be proud; And he will think that he was obliged to do it。 So it comes that relief is done without resorting to force。
When things come to the summit of their vigour; they begin to grow old。 This is against Tao。 What is against Tao will soon come to an end。
31
So far as arms are concerned; they are implements of ill…omen。 They are not implements for the man of Tao。
The man of Tao when dwelling at home makes the left as the place of honour; and when using arms makes the right as the place of honour。
He uses them only when he cannot avoid it。
In his conquests he takes no delight。 If he take delight in them; it would mean that he enjoys in the slaughter of men。 He who takes delight in the slaughter of men cannot have his will done in the world。
32
When for the first time applied to function; it was named。 In as much as names are given; one should also know where to stop。 Knowing where to stop one can become imperishable。
Tao was always nameless。
33
He who knows others is wise; He who knows himself is enlightened。
He who conquers others is strong; He who conquers himself is mighty。
He who knows contentment is rich。 He who keeps on his course with energy has will。
He who does not deviate from his proper place will long endure。 He who may die but not perish has longevity。
34
The great Tao pervades everywhere; both on the left and on the right。
By it all things came into being; and it does not reject them。 Merits accomplished; it does not possess them。 It loves and nourishes all things but does not dominate over them。
It is always non…existent; therefore it can be named as small。
All things return home to it; and it does not claim mastery over them; therefore it can be named as great。
Because it never assumes greatness; therefore it can accomplish greatness。
35
To him who holds to the Great Form all the world will go。 It will go and see no danger; but tranquillity; equality and community。
Music and dainties will make the passing stranger stop。
But Tao when uttered in words is so pure and void of flavour When one looks at it; one cannot see it; When one listens to it; one cannot hear it。 However; when one uses it; it is inexhaustible。 But we use it without end。
36
In order to contract a thing; one should surely expand it first。 In order to weaken; one will surely strengthen first。 In order to overthrow; one will surely exalt first。 'In order to take; one will surely give first'!
This is called subtle wisdom。 The soft and weak can overcome the hard and strong。
As the fish should not leave the deep So should the sharp implements of a nation not be shown to anyone!
37
Tao is ever inactive; and yet there is nothing that it does not do。
If princes and kings could keep to it; all things would of themselves become developed。 When they are developed; desire would stir in them; I would restrai