04道德经英译本85种-第473章
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74
Overcome Delusion
If the people do not fear death; how can they be frightened by death? If we make people fear death; and supposing some would 'still' venture to rebel; if we seize them for capital punishment; who will dare?
There is always an executioner who kills。 Now to take the place of the executioner who kills is taking the place of the great carpenter who hews。 If a man takes the place of the great carpenter who hews; he will rarely; indeed; fail to injure his hand。
75
Harmed Through Greed
The people hunger because their superiors consume too many taxes; therefore they hunger。 The people are difficult to govern because their superiors are too meddlesome; therefore they are difficult to govern。 The people make light of death on account of the intensity of their clinging to life; therefore they make light of death。
He who is not bent on life is worthier than he who esteems life。
76
Beware of Strength
Man during life is tender and delicate。 When he dies he is stiff and stark。
The ten thousand things; the grass as well as the trees; while they live are tender and supple。 When they die they are rigid and dry。
Thus the hard and the strong are the companions of death。 The tender and the delicate are the companions of life。
Therefore he who in arms is strong will not conquer。
When a tree has grown strong it is doomed。
The strong and the great stay below。 The tender and the delicate stay above。
77
Heaven's Reason
Is not Heaven's Reason truly like stretching a bow? The high it brings down; the lowly it lifts up。 Those who have abundance it depleteth; those who are deficient it augmenteth。
Such is Heaven's Reason。 It depleteth those who have abundance but completeth the deficient。
Man's Reason is not so。 He depleteth the deficient in order to serve those who have abundance。
Where is he who would have abundance for serving the world?
Indeed; it is the holy man who acts but claims not; merit he acquires but he does not dwell upon it; and does he ever show any anxiety to display his excellence?
78
Trust in Faith
In the world nothing is tenderer and more delicate than water。 In attacking the hard and the strong nothing will surpass it。 There is nothing that herein takes its place。
The weak conquer the strong; the tender conquer the rigid。 In the world there is no one who does not know it; but no one will practise it。
Therefore the holy man says:
〃Him who the country's sin makes his;
We hail as priest at the great sacrifice。
Him who the curse bears of the country's failing。
As king of the empire we are hailing。〃
True words seem paradoxical。
79
Keep Your Obligations
When a great hatred is reconciled; naturally some hatred will remain。 How can this be made good?
Therefore the sage keeps the obligations of his contract and exacts not from others。 Those who have virtue attend to their obligations; those who have no virtue attend to their claims。
Heaven's Reason shows no preference but always assists the good man。
80
Remaining in Isolation
In a small country with few people let there be aldermen and mayors who are possessed of power over men but would not use it。 Induce people to grieve at death but do not cause them to move to a distance。 Although they had ships and carriages; they should find no occasion to ride in them。 Although they had armours and weapons; they should find no occasion to don them。
2 Induce people to return to 'the old custom of' knotted cords and to use them 'in the place of writing'; to delight in their food; to be proud of their clothes; to be content with their homes; and to rejoice in their customs: then in a neighboring state within sight; the voices of the cocks and dogs would be within hearing; yet the people might grow old and die before they visited one another。
81
Propounding the Essential
True words are not pleasant; pleasant words are not true。 The good are not contentious; the contentious are not good。 The wise are not learned; the learned are not wise。
The holy man hoards not。 The more he does for others; the more he owns himself。 The more he gives to others; the more will he himself lay up an abundance。
Heaven's Reason is to benefit but not to injure; the holy man's Reason is to accomplish but not to strive。
English_TaKao_TTK
Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
Chinese … English by
Ch'u Ta…Kao; 1904
1
The Tao that can be expressed is not the eternal Tao; The name that can be defined is not the unchanging name。
Non…existence is called the antecedent of heaven and earth; Existence is the mother of all things。
From eternal non…existence; therefore; we serenely observe the mysterious beginning of the Universe; From eternal existence we clearly see the apparent distinctions。
These two are the same in source and become different when manifested。
This sameness is called profundity。 Infinite profundity is the gate whence comes the beginning of all parts of the Universe。
2
When all in the world understand beauty to be beautiful; then ugliness exists。
When all understand goodness to be good; then evil exists。
Thus existence suggests non…existence; Easy gives rise to difficult; Short is derived from long by comparison;
Low is distinguished from high by position; Resonance harmonizes sound; After follows before。
Therefore; the Sage carries on his business without action; and gives his teaching without words。
3
Not exalting the worthy keeps the people from emulation。
Not valuing rare things keeps them from theft。
Not showing what is desirable keeps their hearts from confusion。
Therefore the Sage rules By emptying their hearts; Filling their stomachs; Weakening their ambitions And strengthening their bones。
He always keeps them from knowing what is evil and desiring what is good; thus he gives the crafty ones no chance to act。
He governs by non…action; consequently there is nothing un…governed。
4
Tao; when put in use for its hollowness; is not likely to be filled。
In its profundity it seems to be the origin of all things。
In its depth it seems ever to remain。
I do not know whose offspring it is; But it looks like the predecessor of Nature。
5
Heaven and earth do not own their benevolence; To them all things are straw dogs
The Sage does not own his benevolence; To him the people are straw dogs。
The space between heaven and earth is like a (blacksmith's) bellows。 Hollow as it seems; nothing is lacking。 If it is moved; more will it bring forth。
He who talks more is sooner exhausted: It is better to keep what is within himself。
6
'The Valley and the Spirit never die。' They form what is called the Mystic Mother;。
From whose gate comes the origin of heaven and earth。
'The Valley and the Spirit never die。' They form what is called the Mystic Mother; From whose gate comes the origin of heaven and earth。 This (the origin) seems ever to endure。 In use it can never be exhausted。
7
Heaven is lasting and earth enduring。
The reason why they are lasting and enduring is that they do not live for themselves; Therefore they live long。
In the same way the Sage keeps himself behind and he is in the front;
He forgets himself and he is preserved。
Is it not because he is not self…interested That his self…interest is established?
8
The highest goodness is like water。 Water is beneficent to all things but does not contend。 It stays in places which others despise。 Therefore it is near Tao。
In dwelling; think it a good place to live; In feeling; make the heart deep; In friendship; keep on good terms with men; In words; have confidence;
In ruling; abide by good order; In business; take things easy; In motion; make use of the opportunity。
Since there is no contention; there is no blame。
9
Holding and keeping a thing to the very full … it is b