04道德经英译本85种-第470章
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lays not the lord。 It can be classed with the great。
Therefore
The holy man unto death does not make himself great and can thus accomplish his greatness。
35
The Virtue of Benevolence
〃Who holdeth fast to the great Form;
Of him the world will come in quest:
For there we never meet with harm;
There we find shelter; comfort; rest。〃
Music with dainties makes the passing stranger stop。 But Reason; when coming from the mouth; how tasteless is it! It has no flavor。 When looked at; there is not enough to be seen; when listened to; there is not enough to be heard。 However; when used; it is inexhaustible。
36
The Secret's Explanation
That which is about to contract has surely been expanded。 That which is about to weaken has surely been strengthened。 That which is about to fall has surely been raised。 That which is about to be despoiled has surely been endowed。
This is an explanation of the secret that the tender and the weak conquer the hard and the strong。
As the fish should not escape from the deep; so with the country's sharp tools the people should not become acquainted。
37
Administration of Government
Reason always practises non…assertion; and there is nothing that remains undone。
If princes and kings could keep Reason; the ten thousand creatures would of themselves be reformed。 While being reformed they might yet be anxious to stir; but I would restrain them by the simplicity of the Ineffable。
〃The simplicity of the unexpressed
Will purify the heart of lust。
Is there no lust there will be rest;
And all the world will thus be blest。〃
38
Discourse on Virtue
Superior virtue is unvirtue。 Therefore it has virtue。 Inferior virtue never loses sight of virtue。 Therefore it has no virtue。
Superior virtue is non…assertion and without pretension。 Inferior virtue asserts and makes pretensions。
Superior benevolence acts but makes no pretensions。 Superior justice acts and makes pretensions。
Superior propriety acts and when no one responds to it; it stretches its arm and enforces its rules。
Thus one loses Reason and then virtue appears。 One loses virtue and then benevolence appears。 One loses benevolence and then justice appears。 One loses justice and then propriety appears。 The rules of propriety are the semblance of loyalty and faith; and the beginning of disorder。
Traditionalism is the flower of Reason; but of ignorance the beginning。
Therefore a great organizer abides by the solid and dwells not in the external。 He abides in the fruit and dwells not in the flower。
Therefore he discards the latter and chooses the former。
39
The Root of Order
From of old these things have obtained oneness:
〃Heaven by oneness becometh pure。
Earth by oneness can endure。
Minds by oneness souls procure。
Valleys by oneness repletion secure。
〃All creatures by oneness to life have been called。
And kings were by oneness as models installed。〃
Such is the result of oneness。
〃Were heaven not pure it might be rent。
Were earth not stable it might be bent。
Were minds not ensouled they'd be impotent。
Were valleys not filled they'd soon be spent。
When creatures are lifeless who can their death prevent?
Are kings not models; but on haughtiness bent;
Their fall; forsooth; is imminent。〃
Thus; the nobles come from the commoners as their root; and the high rest upon the lowly as their foundation。 Therefore; princes and kings call themselves orphaned; lonely; and unworthy。 Is this not because they take lowliness as their root?
The several parts of a carriage are not a carriage。
Those who have become a unity are neither anxious to be praised with praise like a gem; nor disdained with disdain like a stone。
40
Avoiding Activity
〃Homeward is Reason's course;
Weakness is Reason's force。〃
Heaven and earth and the ten thousand things come from existence; but existence comes from non…existence。
41
Sameness in Difference
When a superior scholar hears of Reason he endeavors to practise it。
When an average scholar hears of Reason he will sometimes keep it and sometimes lose it。
When an inferior scholar hears of Reason he will greatly ridicule it。 Were it not thus ridiculed; it would as Reason be insufficient。
Therefore the poet says:
〃The Reasonenlightened seem dark and black;
The Reasonadvanced seem going back;
The Reasonstraight…levelled seem rugged and slack。
〃The high in virtue resemble a vale;
The purely white in shame must quail;
The staunchest virtue seems to fail。
〃The solidest virtue seems not alert;
The purest chastity seems pervert;
The greatest square will rightness desert。
〃The largest vessel is not yet complete;
The loudest sound is not speech replete;
The greatest form has no shape concrete。〃
Reason so long as it remains latent is unnamable。 Yet Reason alone is good for imparting and completing。
42
Reason's Modifications
Reason begets unity; unity begets duality; duality begets trinity; and trinity begets the ten thousand things。
The ten thousand things are sustained by Yin 'the negative principle'; they are encompassed by Yang 'the positive principle'; and the immaterial breath renders them harmonious。
That which the people find odious; to be orphaned; lonely; and unworthy; kings and princes select as their titles。 Thus; on the one hand; loss implies gain; and on the other hand; gain implies loss。
What others have taught I teach also。
The strong and aggressive do not die a natural death; but I will obey the doctrine's father。
43
Its Universal Application
The world's weakest overcomes the world's hardest。
Non…existence enters into the impenetrable。
Thereby I comprehend of non…assertion the advantage。 There are few in the world who obtain of non…assertion the advantage and of silence the lesson。
44
Setting Up Precepts
〃Name or person; which is more near?
Person or fortune; which is more dear?
Gain or loss; which is more sear?
〃Extreme dotage leadeth to squandering。
Hoarded wealth inviteth plundering。
〃Who is content incurs no humiliation;
Who knows when to stop risks no vitiation;
Forever lasteth his duration。〃
45
Greatest Virtue
〃Greatest perfection imperfect will be;
But its work ne'er waneth。
Greatest fulness is vacuity;
Its work unexhausted remaineth。〃
〃Straightest lines resemble curves;
Greatest skill like a tyro serves;
Greatest eloquence stammers and swerves。〃
Motion conquers cold。 Quietude conquers heat。 Purity and clearness are the world's standard。
46
Moderation of Desire
When the world possesses Reason; race horses are reserved for hauling dung。 When the world is without Reason; war horses are bred in the common。
No greater sin than yielding to desire。 No greater misery than discontent。 No greater calamity than greed。
Therefore; he who knows content's content is always content。
47
Viewing the Distant
〃Without passing out of the gate
The world's course I prognosticate。
Without peeping through the window
The heavenly Reason I contemplate。
The further one goes;
The less one knows。〃
Therefore the holy man does not travel; and yet he has knowledge。 He does not see things; and yet he defines them。 He does not labor; and yet he completes。
48
Forgetting Knowledge
He who seeks learnedness will daily increase。 He who seeks Reason will daily diminish。 He will diminish and continue to diminish until he arrives at non…assertion。
With non…assertion there is nothing that he cannot achieve。 When he takes the empire; it is always because he uses no diplomacy。 He who uses diplomacy is not fit to take the empire。
49
Trust in Virtue
The holy man has not a heart of his own。 The hundred famili