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第420章

04道德经英译本85种-第420章

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  The second way to govern the land;
  is to do so without contriving。
  People so governed are truly blessed;
  for they are governed with virtue;
  and virtuous government is fair to all;
  thus leading to unity。

  66

  LEADING FROM BEHIND

  The sea is the ruler of river and stream;
  because it rules from well beneath。

  The teacher guides his students best;
  by allowing them to lead。

  When the ruler is a sage;
  the people do not feel oppressed;
  they support the one who rules them well;
  and never tire of him。

  He who is non…competitive
  invites no competition。

  67

  THE THREE PRECIOUS ATTRIBUTES

  Those who follow the natural way
  are different from others in three respects。
  They have great mercy and economy;
  and the courage not to compete。
  From mercy there comes courage;
  from economy; generosity;
  and from humility; willingness to lead from behind。

  It is the way of sickness to shun the merciful;
  and to acclaim only heroic deeds;
  to abandon economy; and to be selfish。

  They are sick; who are not humble;
  but try always to be first。

  Only he who is compassionate
  can show true bravery;
  and in defending; show great strength。
  Compassion is the means by which
  mankind may be guarded and saved;
  for heaven arms with compassion;
  those whom it would not see destroyed。

  68

  WITHOUT DESIRE

  An effective warrior acts
  not from nihilistic anger;
  nor from desire to kill。

  He who wins should not be vengeful。
  An employer should have humility。

  If we wish for peace and unity;
  our dealings with our fellow man
  must be without desire for self…advantage;
  and carried out without contention。

  69

  THE USE OF THE MYSTERIOUS TAO

  Arguments may be won by waiting;
  rather than making an aggresive move;
  by withdrawing rather than advancing。

  By moving without appearing to move;
  by not making a show of strength;
  but by conserving it well;
  by capturing without attacking;
  by being armed; but with no weapons;
  great battles may be won。
  Do not underestimate
  those you enjoin in battle;
  for this can result in losing
  what is of greatest value。
  When a battle is enjoined;
  by remembering this;
  the weaker may still win。

  70

  HIDDEN IDENTITY

  Though the words of the sage are simple;
  and his actions easily performed;
  they are few among many;
  who can speak or act as a sage。

  For the ordinary man it is difficult
  to know the way of a sage;
  perhaps because his words
  are from the distant past;
  and his actions naturally disposed。

  Those who know the way of the sage
  are few and far between;
  but those who treat him with honesty;
  will be honoured by him and the Tao。

  He knows he makes no fine display;
  and wears rough clothes; not finery。
  It is not in his expectancy of men
  that they should understand his ways;
  for he carries his jade within his heart。

  71

  WITHOUT SICKNESS

  To acknowledge one's ignorance
  shows strength of personality;
  but to ignore wisdom is a sign of weakness。

  To be sick of sickness is a sign of good health;
  therefore the wise man grows sick of sickness;
  and sick of being sick of sickness;
  'til he is sick no more。

  72

  LOVING THE SELF

  The sage retains a sense of awe; and of propriety。
  He does not intrude into others' homes;
  does not harass them;
  nor interfere without request;
  unless they damage others。
  So it is that they return to him。

  'Though the sage knows himself
  he makes no show of it;
  he has self…respect; but is not arrogant;
  for he develops the ability to let go of that
  which he no longer needs。

  73

  ACTING WITH A SUFFICIENCY

  A brave man who is passionate
  will either kill or be killed;
  but a man who is both brave and still
  might preserve his own and others' lives。
  No one can say with certainty;
  why it is better to preserve a life。

  The virtuous way is a way to act
  without contriving effort;
  yet; without contriving it overcomes。
  It seldom speaks; and never asks;
  but is answered without a question。
  It is supplied with all its needs
  and is constantly at ease
  because it follows its own plan
  which cannot be understood by man。
  It casts its net both deep and wide;
  and 'though coarse meshed; it misses nothing in the tide。

  74

  USURPING THE TAO

  If the people are not afraid of death;
  they have no fear of threats of death。

  If early death is common in the land;
  and if death is meted out as punishment;
  the people do not fear to break the law。

  To be the executioner in such a land as this;
  is to be as an unskilled carpenter
  who cuts his hand
  when trying to cut wood。

  75

  INJURING THROUGH GREED

  When taxes are too heavy;
  hunger lays the people low。
  When those who govern interfere too much;
  the people become rebellious。

  When those who govern demand too much
  of people's lives; death is taken lightly。
  When the people are starving in the land;
  life is of little value;
  and so is more easily sacrificed by them
  in overthrowing government。

  76

  AGAINST TRUSTING IN STRENGTH

  Man is born gentle and supple。
  At death; his body is brittle and hard。
  Living plants are tender;
  and filled with life…giving sap;
  but at their death they are withered and dry。

  The stiff; the hard; and brittle
  are harbingers of death;
  and gentleness and yielding
  are the signs of that which lives。
  The warrior who is inflexible
  condemns himself to death;
  and the tree is easily broken;
  which ever refuses to yield。
  Thus the hard and brittle will surely fall;
  and the soft and supple will overcome。

  77

  THE WAY OF THE TAO

  The Tao is as supple as a bow;
  the high made lower; and the lowly raised。
  It shortens the string which has been stretched;
  and lengthens that which has become too short。

  It is the way of the Tao to take from those
  who have a surplus to what they need;
  providing for those without enough。
  The way of the ordinary person;
  is not the way of the Tao;
  for such people take from those who are poor
  and give to those who are rich。

  The sage knows that his possessions are none;
  therefore he gives to the world;
  without recognition; doing his work。
  In this way he accomplishes
  that which is required of him;
  without dwelling upon it in any way;
  he gives of his wisdom without display。

  78

  SINCERITY

  There is nothing more yielding than water;
  yet when acting on the solid and strong;
  its gentleness and fluidity
  have no equal in any thing。

  The weak can overcome the strong;
  and the supple overcome the hard。
  Although this is known far and wide;
  few put it into practice in their lives。

  Although seemingly paradoxical;
  the person who takes upon himself;
  the people's humiliation;
  is fit to rule;
  and he is fit to lead;
  who takes the country's disasters upon himself。

  79

  FULFILLING ONE'S OBLIGATIONS

  When covenants and bonds are drawn
  between the people of the land;
  that they might know their obligations;
  it is commonplace for many
  to fail to meet their dues。

  The sage ensures his dues are met;
  'though not expecting others to do the same;
  in this way he is virtuous。

  He is without virtue of his own;
  who asks of others that they fulfil
  his obligations on his behalf。

  The way of nature does not impose
  on matters such as these
  but stays with the good for ever;
  and acts as their reward。

  80

  STANDING ALONE

  A small country may have many machines;
  but the people will hav

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