04道德经英译本85种-第418章
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will surely suffer much。
The firmness of the dew filled earth
gives it its life;
the energy of the inner world
prevents its becoming drained of strength;
its fullness prevents it running dry。
The growth of all things
prevents their dying。
The work of the leader should ensure
the prosperity of the populace。
So it is said;
〃humility is the root
of great nobility;
the low forms a foundation
for the great;
and princes consider themselves
to be of little worth〃。
Each depends on humility therefore;
it is of no advantage to have too much success;
so do not sound loudly like jade bells;
nor clatter like stone chimes。
40
BEING AND NOT BEING
The motion of nature
is cyclic and returning。
Its way is to yield;
for to yield is to become。
All things are born of being;
being is born of non…being。
41
SAMENESS AND DIFFERENCE
On hearing of the Tao;
the wise student's practice is with diligence;
the average student attends to his practice
when his memory reminds him so to do;
and the foolish student laughs。
But we do well to remember
that with no sudden laughter;
there would be no natural way。
Thus it is said;
〃There are times when even brightness seems dim;
when progress seems like regression;
when the easy seems most difficult;
and virtue seems empty; inadequate and frail;
times when purity seems sullied;
when even reality seems unreal;
and when a square seems to have corners;
when even great talent is of no avail;
and the highest note cannot be heard;
when the formed seems formless;
and when the way of nature is out of sight〃。
Even in such times as these;
the natural way still nourishes;
that all things may be fulfilled。
42
THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE TAO
The Tao existed before its name;
and from its name; the opposites evolved;
giving rise to three divisions;
and then to names abundant。
These things embrace receptively;
achieving inner harmony;
and by their unity create
the inner world of man。
No man wishes to be seen
as worthless in another's eyes;
but the wise leader describes himself this way;
for he knows that one may gain by losing;
and lose by gaining;
and that a violent man
will not die a natural death。
43
AT ONE WITH TAO
Only the soft overcomes the hard;
by yielding; bringing it to peace。
Even where there is no space;
that which has no substance enters in。
Through these things is shown
the value of the natural way。
The wise man understands full well;
that wordless teaching can take place;
and that actions should occur
without the wish for self…advancement。
44
SUFFICIENCY
A contented man knows himself to be
more precious even than fame;
and so; obscure; remains。
He who is more attached to wealth
than to himself;
suffers more heavily from loss。
He who knows when to stop; might lose;
but in safety stays。
45
CHANGES
In retrospect; even those accomplishments
which seemed perfect when accomplished;
may seem imperfect and ill formed;
but this does not mean that such accomplishments
have outlived their usefulness。
That which once seemed full;
may later empty seem;
yet still be unexhausted。
That which once seemed straight
may seem twisted when seen once more;
intelligence can seem stupid;
and eloquence seem awkward;
movement may overcome the cold;
and stillness; heat;
but stillness in movement
is the way of the Tao。
46
MODERATING DESIRE AND AMBITION
When the way of nature is observed;
all things serve their function;
horses drawing carts; and pulling at the plough。
But when the natural way is not observed;
horses are bred for battle and for war。
Desire and wanting cause discontent;
whilst he who knows sufficiency
more easily has what he requires。
47
DISCOVERING THE DISTANT
The Tao may be known and observed
without the need of travel;
the way of the heavens might be well seen
without looking through a window。
The further one travels;
the less one knows。
So; without looking; the sage sees all;
and by working without self…advancing thought;
he discovers the wholeness of the Tao。
48
FORGETTING KNOWLEDGE
When pursuing knowledge;
something new is acquired each day。
But when pursuing the way of the Tao;
something is subtracted;
less striving occurs;
until there is no striving。
When effort is uncontrived;
nothing is left undone;
the way of nature rules
by allowing things to take their course;
not by contriving to change。
49
THE VIRTUE OF RECEPTIVITY
The sage is not mindful for himself;
but is receptive to others' needs。
Knowing that virtue requires great faith;
he has that faith; and is good to all;
irrespective of others' deeds;
he treats them according to their needs。
He has humility and is shy;
thus confusing other men。
They see him as they might a child;
and sometimes listen to his words。
50
THE VALUE SET ON LIFE
In looking at the people; we might see
that in the space twixt birth and death;
one third follow life; and one third death;
and those who merely pass from birth to death;
are also one third of those we see。
He who lives by the way of the Tao;
travels without fear of ferocious beasts;
and will not be pierced in an affray;
for he offers no resistance。
The universe is the centre of his world;
so in the inner world
of he who lives within the Tao;
there is no place
where death can enter in。
51
THE NOURISHMENT OF THE TAO
All physical things arise
from the principle which is absolute;
the principle which is the natural way。
All living things are formed by being;
and shaped by their environment;
growing if nourished well by virtue;
the being from non…being。
All natural things respect the Tao;
giving honour to its virtue;
although the Tao does not expect;
nor look for honour or respect。
The virtue of the natural way
is that all things are born of it;
it nourishes and comforts them;
develops; shelters and cares for them;
protecting them from harm。
The Tao creates; not claiming credit;
and guides without interfering。
52
RETURNING TO THE SOURCE
The virtue of Tao governs its natural way。
Thus; he who is at one with it;
is one with everything which lives;
having freedom from the fear of death。
Boasting; and hurrying hither and thither;
destroy the enjoyment of a peace filled life。
Life is more fulfilled by far;
for he who does not have desire;
for he does not have desire;
has no need of boasting。
Learn to see the insignificant and small;
grow in wisdom and develop insight;
that which is irrevocable;
do not try to fight;
and so be saved from harm。
53
EVIDENCE
When temptation arises to leave the Tao;
banish temptation; stay with the Tao。
When the court has adornments in profusion;
the fields are full of weeds;
and the granaries are bare。
It is not the way of nature to carry a sword;
nor to over…adorn oneself;
nor to have more than a sufficiency
of fine food and drink。
He who has more possessions than he can use;
deprives someone who could use them well。
54
CULTIVATING INSIGHT
That which is firmly rooted;
is not easily torn from the ground;
just as that which is firmly grasped;
does not slip easily from the hand。
The virtue of the Tao is real;
if cultivated in oneself;
when loved in the famil