04道德经英译本85种-第402章
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This is called: Holding to the Never…changing。
53
Let me have the good sense to keep to the Great Highway of Tao;
Only if I go straying into side…turnings shall I have anything to fear。
The Highway is fine and smooth and easy;
But men preger the bypaths。
There the royal palaces are spick and span …
But se how the weeds have sprung up in the fields!
See how empty the granaries are!
Where garments are much bedecked and embroidered;
Where sharp swords hang from every belt;
Where there is gluttony in food and drink;
Where riches are over…abundant …
There you will find that brigandage is rife。
Not so on the Great Highway of Tao!
54
That which is firmly implanted by the Tao will not be uprooted。
That which is firmly grasped by the Tao will not be unloosened。
As; through the Tao; Ancestral Sacrifices continue from children to grandchildren for countless generaitons;
So; if you cultivate the Tao in your self; your power will be true power;
If you cultivate the Tao in your family; your family through ts power will enjoy abundance;
If you cultivate the Tao in your village; your village through its power will grow in strength;
If you cultivate the Tao in your country; your country through its power will flourish;
If you cultivate the Tao in the community its power will be seen everywhere in the world。
For by looking into one's self one may become aware of others;
Through one's own family one may become aware of other families;
Through one's own village one may become aware of other villages;
Through one's own country one may become aware of other countries;
Through contemplating the community one may become aware of the Great Society of Mankind。
How do I know that the Great Society of Mankind may be so governed?
By This。
55
The man who is endowed in full measure with the spiritual power of harmlessness may be compared to a child。
Venomous insects do not sting him;
Nor savage beasts assail him;
Birds of prey leave him unharmed。
His bones are soft and his sinews are weak;
But his grip is firm and sure。
Though inocent of sexual union; yet he is fully formed;
And thus is his vitality unimpaired。
Though he cry all day long; his voice does not grow harsh;
His functioning is perfectly harmonious。
To know such harmony as this is to be aware of the Never…changing;
To be aware of the Never…changing is to know Illumination。
But to lust after greater fullness of life is to invite calamities。
For if desire plays the tyrant over the life…breath; hardening sets it。
When vigour reaches its climax; shall not decay ensue?
Such forcing is against the Tao。
And that which is against the Tao quickly passes away。
56
He who knows the Tao does not talk about it;
He who talks about the Tao does not know it。
He whose lips are closed;
Who has shut the doors of the senses;
Who tones down that which dazzles
And knows himself lowly as the dust …
Is it not he who has attained to perfect equanimity?
Such a one cannot be be encroached upon;
Nor can he be repelled;
He cannot be benefitted;
Nor can he be harmed;
He cannot be exalted;
Nor can he be cast down。
Is not this perfect equanimity the most valuab;e of all things under the sun?
57
〃The government of a country is best achieved by carrying out the rules。
The winning of wars is best achieved by the employment of artful strategy。〃
But the winning over of the community is best achieved by non…interference。
How do I know that this is so?
By This。
The more the people are forbidden to do this and that;
The poorer they will be。
The more sharp weapons the people possess;
The more will darkness and bewilderment spread through the land。
The more craft and cunning men have;
The more useless and pernicious contraptions will they invent。
The more laws and edicts are imposed;
The more thieves and bandits there will be。
Hence these sayings of a Sage:
〃If I work through Non…action; the people will transform themselves。
If I love the Stillness; the peole will grow righteous of themselves。
If I do not fuss or interfere; the people will grow wealthy of themselves;
If I am free from desire; the people will return to unspoiled simplicity。
58
Whenthe government seems hesitant and lacking in vitality;
The people are free and happy。
When the government is active nad interfering;
The people are discontented and critical。
〃Misery;〃 it is said; 〃rests on happiness; and happiness underlies misery〃;
But who sees that there is a supreme state where nothing is imposed?
For if right action becomes mere expediency
And belief in goodness becomes mere superstition;
The peole wil pass their days in a fog of bewilderment。
Therefore the Sage:
Though square himself; does not seek to shape others;
Thought he has his own angles; he does not ask others to match them;
Though he is himself straight; he does not seek to stretch others;
He shines; but he does not make a display of himself。
59
In the ruling of men and the serving of Heaven nothing equals moderaiton。
For moderations leads to foresight in concerving;
Foresight in conserving leads to the storing of treasures of power。
The strength of one who has stored such treasures of power cannot be overcome。
As nothing can overcome it; its potency is boundless。
Because its potency is boundless;
Its possessors can attain sovereignty over the whole kingdom。
And if; having attained sovereignty; he returns to the Mother;
He will endure long。
For by striking deep roots he will be building on firm foundations;
And through contemplation he will repose in the Eternal Tao。
60
Rule a great kingdom as you would cook a small fish … gently!
If the Tao ruled in the world; evil spirits would not work their malignant powers。
Not that the evil spirits would lsoe their powers;
No! But their powers could do no harm to men。
They would do no harm;
Nor would the Sage harm himself by callin gon his spirits to do the people harm。
Therefore。 Since neither of them harmed the other;
Their powers would unite in a common cause。
61
A great kingdom is like the low…running stream to which all rivers flow down: the centre towards which all
converge。
It plays the female part。
The female overcomes the male by quiescence: she puts herself beneath the male。
Similarly; a great kingdom that puts itself beneath a small kingdom gains the adherence of the smaller;
A small kingdom; because in the natural order of things it is below a great kingdom; gains the adherence of the
greater。
The one gains by becoming lowly and putting itself beneath; the other gains by being naturally lowly。
Thus: if the great kingdom desires only to add to the population it already nourishes;
And the small kingdom desires only to unite and serve;
Then both of them assume the positions they desire。
But it is the greater of the two that should seek the lowly position。
62
The Tao is the sanctuary of all creatures in the world。
It is the good man's treasure; the bad man's refuge。
With high…sounding words honours are easily acquired;
With spectacular deeds credit is easily acquired。
But the bad must no be rejected either。
Therefore: when an emperor is enthroned;
And the three Ministers are appointed;
He who comes bearing gifts of jade;
Followed by a retinue of four horses;
Should be less highly prized than he who; without moving; brings the gift of the Tao。
Why was the Tao so highly prized by the Ancients?
Was it not because this could be said of it:
He who seeks it shall receive it;
Sinners seking it sahll be freed from sin。
That is why they thought it the most precious of all things。
63
He who acts by non…actiuo