04道德经英译本85种-第4章
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57
Use the unexpected to govern the country; Use surprise to wage war; Use non…action to win the world。 How do I know? Like this!
The more prohibitions and rules; The poorer people become。 The sharper people's weapons; The more they riot。
The more skilled their techniques; The more grotesque their works。 The more elaborate the laws; The more they commit crimes。
Therefore the Sage says; I do nothing And people transform themselves。 I enjoy serenity And people govern themselves。
I cultivate emptiness And people become prosperous。 I have no desires And people simplify themselves。
58
If government is muted and muffled People are cool and refreshed。 If government investigates and intrudes; People are worn down and hopeless。
Bad fortune rests upon good fortune。 Good luck hides within bad luck。
Who knows how it will end? If there is no principle Principle reverts to disorder; Good reverts to calamity; People's confusion hardens and lingers on。
Therefore the Sage squares without cutting; Corners without dividing; Straightens without extending; Shines without dazzling。
59
Governing people and serving heaven Is like living off the land。
Living sparingly and responding quickly Means accumulating Te。 There is nothing that cannot be overcome。 There is no limit。
You can become the country And the country's mother; and nourish and extend it。
This is called deep roots; firm base。 This is the Tao of living long and seeing far。
60
Govern big countries Like you cook a little fish。
When Tao harmonizes the world; Demons lose their power。
Not that demons lose their power; but their power does not harm people。 Not that their power does not harm people; but the Sage does not harm people。
If neither does harm; Then Te flows and returns。
61
A great nation flows down To be the world's pool; The female under heaven In stillness The female constantly overcomes the male; In stillness Takes the low place。
Therefore a great nation Lowers itself And wins over a small one。 A small nation keeps itself low And wins over a great one。
Sometimes becoming low wins; Sometimes staying low wins。
A great nation desires nothing more Than to unite and protect people。 A small nation desires nothing more Than to enter the service of people。
When both get what they wish The great one should be low。
62
Tao is the mysterious center of all things; a treasure for those who are good; A refuge for those who are not。
Beautiful words can be traded; Noble deeds can enhance reputations; But if people lack them; Why should they be rejected?
When the Son of Heaven is enthroned And the Three Ministers installed; Presenting jade discs And four…horse chariots Cannot compare to sitting still And offering the Tao。
The ancients honoured this Tao。 Didn't they say: Through it seekers find; Through it the guilty escape? This is why Tao is honoured under Heaven。
63
Act without acting。 Serve without serving。 Taste without tasting。
Big; little; Many; few; Repay hatred with Te。
Map difficult with easy Approach great through narrow。
The most difficult things in the world Must be accomplished through the easiest。 The greatest things in the world Must be accomplished through the smallest。
Therefore the Sage Never attempts great things and so accomplishes them。
Quick promises Mean little trust。 Everything easy Means great difficulty。
Thus for the Sage everything is difficult; And so in the end Nothing is difficult。
64
At rest is easy to hold。 Not yet impossible is easy to plan。 Brittle is easy to break。 Fine is easy to scatter。
Create before it exists。 Lead before it goes astray。
A tree too big to embrace Is born from a slender shoot。 A nine…story rises from a pile of earth。 A thousand…mile journey Begins with a single step。
Act and you ruin it。 Grasp and you lose it。 Therefore the Sage Does not act And so does not ruin Does not grasp And so does not lose。
People commonly ruin their work When they are near success。 Proceed at the end as at the beginning And your work won't be ruined。
Therefore the Sage Desires no desires Prizes no prizes Studies no studies And returns To what others pass by。 The Sage Helps all beings find their nature; But does not presume to act。
65
Taoist rulers of old Did not enlighten people But left them dull。
People are difficult to govern Because they are very clever。 Therefore; Ruling through cleverness leads to rebellion。 Not leading through cleverness Brings good fortune。
Know these two things And understanding the enduring pattern。 Understand the enduring pattern: This is called original Te。
Original Te goes deep and far。 All things reverse Return And reach the great headwaters。
66
Rivers and seas Can rule the hundred valleys Because they are good at lying low They are lords of the valleys。
Therefore those who would be above Must speak as if they are below Those who would lead Must speak as if they are behind。
In this way the Sage dwells above And the people are not burdened。 Dwells in front And they are not hindered。 Therefore the whole world Is delighted and unwearied。
Since the Sage does not contend No one can contend with the Sage。
67
Everyone under heaven calls my Tao great; and unlike anything else。 It is great only because It is unlike anything else。 If it were like anything else It would stretch and become thin。
I have three treasures to maintain and conserve: the first is compassion。 The second is frugality。 The third is not presuming To be first under heaven。
Compassion leads to courage。 Frugality allows generosity。 Not presuming to be first Creates a lasting instrument。
Nowadays; People reject compassion But want to be brave; Reject frugality But want to be generous; Reject humility And want to come first。 This is death。
Compassion: Attack with it and win。 Defend with it and stand firm。 Heaven aids and protects Through compassion。
68
The accomplished person is not aggressive。 The good soldier is not hot tempered。
The best conqueror does not engage the enemy。 The most effective leader takes the lowest place。
This is called the Te of not contending。 This is called the power of the leader。 This is called matching Heaven's ancient ideal。
69
There is a saying in the army: I do not presume to be the master; But become the guest。 I do not dare advance an inch; but retreat a foot。
This is called moving without moving; rolling up sleeves without showing your arms; Repelling without opposing; Wielding without a weapon。
There is no disaster greater than Contempt for the enemy。
Contempt for the enemy … what a treasure is lost! Therefore; When the fighting gets hot; Those who grieve will conquer。
70
My words are very easy to understand; Very easy to practice。 No one under heaven can understand them; No one can practice them。
Words have ancestors; Deeds have masters。 If people don't understand this; They don't understand me。 Few understand me; And that is my value。
Therefore the Sage wears rough clothing And carries Jade inside。
71
Know not…knowing: supreme。 Not know knowing: faulty
Only faulting faults is faultless。
The Sage is faultless
By faulting faults;
And so is without fault。
72
When people are not in awe of power; Power becomes great。
Do not intrude into their homes; Do not make their lives weary。 If you do not weary them; They will not becoem weary of you。
Therefore the Sage Has self…knowledge without self…display; Self…love without personal pride; Rejects one; accepts the other。
73
Courage to dare kills; Courage not to dare saves。 One brings profit; one brings harm。
Of these two; one is good; and one is harmful。 Some are not favored by heaven。 Who knows why? Even the wise consider it a difficult question。
Heaven hates what it hates … Who knows why! Even the Sage finds it difficult。 Heaven's Tao does not contend But prevails; Does not speak; But responds; Is not summoned