04道德经英译本85种-第378章
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Losing strength; the mountains sank;
Losing water; the riverbeds cracked;
Losing fertility; nature disappeared;
And losing support; the rulers fell。
Rulers depend upon their subjects;
The noble depend upon the humble;
So rulers call themselves orphaned; hungry and alone;
To win the people's support。
40
Motion and Use
The motion of the Way is to return;
The use of the Way is to accept;
All things come from the Way;
And the Way comes from nothing。
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Following
When the great man learns the Way; he follows it with diligence;
When the common man learns the Way; he follows it on occasion;
When the mean man learns the Way; he laughs out loud;
Those who do not laugh; do not learn at all。
Therefore it is said:
Who understands the Way seems foolish;
Who progresses on the Way seems to fail;
Who follows the Way seems to wander。
For the finest harmony appears plain;
The brightest truth appears coloured;
The richest character appears incomplete;
The bravest heart appears meek;
The simplest nature appears inconstant。
The square; perfected; has no corner;
Music; perfected; has no melody;
Love; perfected; has no climax;
Art; perfected; has no meaning。
The Way can be neither sensed nor known:
It transmits sensation and transcends knowledge。
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Mind
The Way bears sensation;
Sensation bears memory;
Sensation and memory bear abstraction;
And abstraction bears all the world;
Each thing in the world bears feeling and doing;
And; imbued with mind; harmony with the Way。
As others have taught; so do I teach;
〃Who loses harmony opposes nature〃;
This is the root of my teaching。
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Overcoming
Water overcomes the stone;
Without substance it requires no opening;
This is the benefit of taking no action。
Yet benefit without action;
And experience without abstraction;
Are practiced by very few。
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Contentment
Health or reputation: which is held dearer?
Health or possessions: which has more worth?
Profit or loss: which is more troublesome?
Great love incurs great expense;
And great riches incur great fear;
But contentment comes at no cost;
Who knows when to stop
Does not continue into danger;
And so may long endure。
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Quiet
Great perfection seems incomplete;
But does not decay;
Great abundance seems empty;
But does not fail。
Great truth seems contradictory;
Great cleverness seems stupid;
Great eloquence seems awkward。
As spring overcomes the cold;
And autumn overcomes the heat;
So calm and quiet overcome the world。
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Horses
When a nation follows the Way;
Horses bear manure through its fields;
When a nation ignores the Way;
Horses bear soldiers through its streets。
There is no greater mistake than following desire;
There is no greater disaster than forgetting contentment;
There is no greater sickness than seeking attainment;
But one who is content to satisfy his needs
Finds that contentment endures。
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Knowing
Without taking a step outdoors
You know the whole world;
Without taking a peep out the window
You know the colour of the sky。
The more you experience;
The less you know。
The sage wanders without knowing;
Sees without looking;
Accomplishes without acting。
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Inaction
The follower of knowledge learns as much as he can every day;
The follower of the Way forgets as much as he can every day。
By attrition he reaches a state of inaction
Wherein he does nothing; but nothing remains undone。
To conquer the world; accomplish nothing;
If you must accomplish something;
The world remains beyond conquest。
49
People
The sage does not distinguish between himself and the world;
The needs of other people are as his own。
He is good to those who are good;
He is also good to those who are not good;
Thereby he is good。
He trusts those who are trustworthy;
He also trusts those who are not trustworthy;
Thereby he is trustworthy。
The sage lives in harmony with the world;
And his mind is the world's mind。
So he nurtures the worlds of others As a mother does her children。
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Death
Men flow into life; and ebb into death。
Some are filled with life;
Some are empty with death;
Some hold fast to life; and thereby perish;
For life is an abstraction。
Those who are filled with life
Need not fear tigers and rhinos in the wilds;
Nor wear armour and shields in battle;
The rhinoceros finds no place in them for its horn;
The tiger no place for its claw;
The soldier no place for a weapon;
For death finds no place in them。
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Nurture
The Way bears all things;
Harmony nurtures them;
Nature shapes them;
Use completes them。
Each follows the Way and honours harmony;
Not by law;
But by being。
The Way bears; nurtures; shapes; completes;
Shelters; comforts; and makes a home for them。
Bearing without possessing;
Nurturing without taming;
Shaping without forcing;
This is harmony。
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Clarity
The origin of the world is its mother;
Understand the mother; and you understand the child;
Embrace the child; and you embrace the mother;
Who will not perish when you die。
Reserve your judgments and words
And you maintain your influence;
Speak your mind and take positions
And nothing can save you。
As observing detail is clarity;
So maintaining flexibility is strength;
Use the light but shed no light;
So that you do yourself no harm;
But embrace clarity。
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Difficult Paths
With but a small understanding
One may follow the Way like a main road;
Fearing only to leave it;
Following a main road is easy;
Yet people delight in difficult paths。
When palaces are kept up
Fields are left to weeds
And granaries empty;
Wearing fine clothes;
Bearing sharp swords;
Glutting with food and drink;
Hoarding wealth and possessions …
These are the ways of theft;
And far from the Way。
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Cultivate Harmony
Cultivate harmony within yourself; and harmony becomes real;
Cultivate harmony within your family; and harmony becomes fertile;
Cultivate harmony within your community; and harmony becomes abundant;
Cultivate harmony within your culture; and harmony becomes enduring;
Cultivate harmony within the world; and harmony becomes ubiquitous。
Live with a person to understand that person;
Live with a family to understand that family;
Live with a community to understand that community;
Live with a culture to understand that culture;
Live with the world to understand the world。
How can I live with the world?
By accepting。
55
Soft Bones
Who is filled with harmony is like a newborn。
Wasps and snakes will not bite him;
Hawks and tigers will not claw him。
His bones are soft yet his grasp is sure;
For his flesh is supple;
His mind is innocent yet his body is virile;
For his vigour is plentiful;
His song is long…lasting yet his voice is sweet;
For his grace is perfect。
But knowing harmony creates abstraction;
And following abstraction creates ritual。
Exceeding nature creates calamity;
And controlling nature creates violence。
56
Impartiality
Who understands does not preach;
Who preaches does not understand。
Reserve your judgments and words;
Smooth differences and forgive disagreements;
Dull your wit and simplify your purpose;
Accept the world。
Then;
Friendship and enmity;
Profit and loss;
Honour and disgrace;
Will not affect you;
The world will accept you。
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