04道德经英译本85种-第349章
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and the smell of fancy food。
By comparison the Tao is mild and flavorless。
It is not solid enough to be seen；
nor loud enough to be heard。
Yet； it lasts forever。
36
That which is to be shrunk
must first be stretched out。
That which is to be weakened
must first be strengthened。
That which is to be cast down
must first be raised up。
That which is to be taken
must first be given。
There is wisdom in dimming your light。
For the soft and gentle
will overcome the hard and powerful。
Fish are best left in deep waters。
And； weapons are best kept out of sight。
37
The Tao never strives；
yet nothing is left undone。
If leaders were able to adhere to it
the ten thousand things would develop
of their own accord。
If after they have developed
they experience desires to strive；
they can bury those desires
under the nameless Uncarved Block。
The nameless Uncarved Block can protect
against desire。
When desires are restrained there will be peace；
and then all under heaven will be at rest。
THE SECOND BOOK： Te （Virtue）
38
A person of high virtue is not conscious of virtue
and therefore possesses Virtue。
A person of little virtue tries to be virtuous
and therefore lacks Virtue。
A person of high vir…tue does not make a fuss
and is not seen。
A person of little virtue always makes a fuss
and is always seen。
A truly good person functions without ulterior motive。
A moralist acts out of private desires。
A ritualist acts and； when no one responds；
rolls up a sleeve and marches。
When we lose the Tao； we turn to Virtue。
When we lose Virtue； we turn to kindness。
When we lose kindness； we turn to morality。
When we lose morality； we turn to ritual。
Ritual is the mere husk of good faith and loyalty
and the beginning of disorder。
Knowledge of what is to come
may be a flower of the Tao；
but it is the beginning of folly。
Hence； the well…formed person relies on what is solid
and not on what is flimsy；
on the fruit and not the flower。
Therefore； such a person lets go of that without
and is cont：ent with this within。
39
From ancient times these things have arisen from the One：
Heaven is clear because of the One；
The earth is firm because of the One；
The Spirit is strong because of the One；
The valley is full because of thc One；
The ten thousand things reprodnce because of the One；
Leaders are able to lead because of the One。
All of this comes from the One。
If heaven were not clear it would soon split。
If the earth were not firm it would soon bend and break。
If the Spirit were not strong it would soon wear out。
If the valley were not full it would soon dry up。
If the ten thousand things did not reproduce
they would soon die out。
If leaders could not lead they would soon fall。
Therefore； greatness has its source in the little。
The low is the foundation of the high。
Princes call themselves 〃alone；〃 〃helpless；〃 〃worthless。〃
Is this not acknowledging a humble root~
Enumerate the parts of a carriage
and you have not defined a carriage。
Better to resound like stone chimes
than to tinkle like jade bells。
40
Returning is the direction of the Tao。
Yielding is the way of the Tao。
The ten thousand things are born of Being
and Being is born of Nonbeing。
41
The wise student on hearing the Tao
diligently puts it into practice。
The average student on hearing the Tao
keeps it one minute and loses it the next。
The mediocre student on hearing the Tao
laughs at it loudly。
If this student did not laugh it would not be the Tao。
Therefore； the ancient proverb says：
The bright path seems dull。
The path that goes torward seems to lead backward。
The even path seems up and down。
The greatest whiteness seems soiled。
High Virtue seems like a canyon。
Abundant Virtue seems deficient。
Vigorous Virtue seems limp。
Simple Virtue seems faded。
The greatest square has no corners。
The greatest vessel takes long to complete。
The greatest note is hard to hear。
The greatest image has no shape。
The Tao is hidden and narneless；
yet； it is the Tao alone that supports all thing？；
and brings them to completion。
42
The Tao gives birth to the One。
The One gives birth to two。
Two gives birth to three。
And three gives birth to the ten thousand things。
The ten thousand things have their backs in the shadow
while they embrace the light。
Harmony is achieved by blending
the breaths of these two forces。
People dislike the words 〃alone；〃 〃helpless；〃 〃worthless；〃
yet this is how Princes describe them selves。
So it is that sometimes a thing is increased
by being diminished and
diminished by being increased。
What others teach I also teach：
〃A violent person will not die a natural death。〃
I shall make this the basis of my teaching。
43
The most yielding of all things
overcomes the hardest of all things。
That which has no substance
enters where there is no crevice。
Hence； I know the value of action without striving。
Few things under heaven bring more benefit than
the lessons learned from silence and
the actions taken without striving。
44
Your integrity or your body：
Which is more important？
Your body or your possessions
Which is worth more？
Gain or loss：
Which is more harmful？
Thus it is that the miser will pay much。
The hoarder will suffer great loss。
Be content with what you have
and you will not be disgraced。
Know when to stop
and you will be preserved from danger。
Only in this way will you long endure。
45
Great accomplishment seems incomplete；
yet its use is not impaired。
Great filllness seems empty；
yet it will never be drained。
Great straightness looks crooked。
Great skill appears clumsy。
Great eloquence sounds like stammering。
Movement overcomes cold；
stillness overcomes heat。
The calm and quiet set right
everything under heaven。
46
When the Tao prevails in the world
swift horses are used to fertilize the fields。
When the Tao is unheeded
war horses are bred on the border lands。
There is no greater offense than harboring desires。
There is no greater disaster than discontent。
There is no greater misfortune than wanting more。
Hence； if you are content
You will always have enough。
47
Without going outside
you can know the ways of the world。
Without looking through the window
you can see the way of heaven。
The farther you go
the less you know。
Therefore； the Trne Person
arrives without traveling；
perceives without looking；
and acts without striving。
48
In the pursuit of learning；
every day something isadded。
In the pursuit of the Tao；
every day something is dropped。
Less and less is done
until you come to action with striving。
When you follow this practice；
nothing remains undone。
All under heaven is won by
letting things take their cuurse。
Nothing can be gained by interfering。
49
The True Person does not have an individual heart
but uses the heart of the people。
I am kind to those who are kind。
I am also kind to those who are not kind。
Thus； there is an increase in kindness。
I keep faith with those who are in good faith。
I also keep faith with those WhO lack good faith。
Thus； there is an increase of good faith。
The True Person is detached and humble
and to the world appears confusing。
The people all strain their eyes and ears； yet the True Person remainschildlike。
50
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