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第248章

04道德经英译本85种-第248章

小说: 04道德经英译本85种 字数: 每页4000字

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  Whom poisonous insects will not sting;
  Whom fierce brutes will not seize;
  Whom birds of prey will not attack;
  Whose bones are weak and whose sinews are soft; but whose grasp is firm;
  Who does not yet know about intercourse of male and female but whose virile member may be excited; because it is full of physical essence;
  Who cries all day long without its throat becoming hoarse; because it is peaceful and without desires。
  To know the peace is called the eternal;
  To know the eternal is called wisdom。
  The desire for life enjoyment is a disaster;
  And to subject physical essence to desire is to boast of powerfulness。
  Things begin to become old when they have grown strong; which may be said to be contrary to Tao。
  Contrariness to Tao brings death with it very soon。

  56

  He who knows does not speak;
  And he who speaks does not know。
  Blocking the vent (of knowledge); closing the door (of knowledge); covering the cutting…edge; going beyond entanglement; containing the light; and mixing with the dust;
  … These can be called 〃the mysterious agreement。〃
  So; (the person with 〃the mysterious agreement〃)
  Cannot be treated intimately;
  Cannot be estranged;
  Cannot be given profits;
  Cannot be injured;
  Cannot be raised to nobility;
  And cannot be made humble;
  And can therefore be esteemed by all the people under Heaven。

  57

  A state should be governed in a natural way;
  A war should be prosecuted in an unusual way;
  And the kingdom should be controlled by doing nothing。
  How do I know that it is so?
  On the grounds:
  In the kingdom the more prohibitive enactments there are; the poorer the people become;
  The more weapons the people have; the greater disorder the state and clan fall into;
  The more crafts and technics men possess; the more strange contrivances appear;
  The more display of statutes there is; the more robbers and thieves there are。
  So the sage said:
  〃I do nothing; then the people submit spontaneously;
  I am fond of keeping still; then the people are righteous spontaneously;
  I take no trouble; and the people naturally enrich themselves;
  I have no desires; then the people naturally remain in primitive simplicity。〃

  58

  When the government is generous; the people will be honest and loyal;
  When the government is severe; the people will complain。
  O Misery! Happiness lies by its side;
  O Happiness! Misery lurks beneath it。
  Who knows the destination?
  There is no master indeed。
  The normal can at anytime become the abnormal;
  The good can at anytime become the evil。
  The delusion of the people (on this point) has persisted for a long time。
  Therefore the sages is right as a square; but not stiff; has edges; but cuts nobody。
  He is straightforward; but not aggressive; bright; but not dazzling。

  59

  For the rule of the people and the service of Heaven; there is nothing better than the principle of 〃parsimony。〃
  Only by 〃parsimony〃 can one be unhurried and get ready early。
  Being unhurried and getting ready early is what I call the repeated accumulation of the 〃De〃 of 〃parsimony。〃
  With the repeated accumulation of De; one can victoriously overcome any obstacles。
  The power which can overcome any obstacles is immeasurable。
  With immeasurable power one can govern a state。
  Having the foundation of government; one can maintain sovereignty very long。
  This is called the Way in which one can plant the roots deep and make the stalks firm and maintain a long life。

  60

  Governing a great state is like frying a small fish (so frequent disturbance should be avoided)。
  Applying Tao to the kingdom can render ghosts harmless。
  It is not that ghosts cannot function;
  But that the function cannot harm men;
  It is not that the function cannot harm men;
  But that the sage never harms men at all。
  So; men and ghosts will not harm each other;
  Therefore both (men and ghosts) praise the De of the sage。

  61

  A great state lies lower (like rivers and seas into which all streams run);
  To it all things under Heaven tend;
  It considers itself as the female under Heaven。
  The female always overcomes the male by stillness; because it is still and lies lower。
  Therefore; a great state can; by lowering itself to small states; make the small states rely upon the big states。
  Small states can; by lowering themselves to a great state; win trust from it。
  Thus a great state sometimes makes small states rely upon it by lowering itself。
  And sometimes; small states win the trust from a great state only by lowering themselves。
  What the great state desires is to lead the small states;
  And what the small states desire is to serve the great state。
  Then each side gets what it desires;
  But the great state should especially learn to lower itself。

  62

  Tao; as the abyss where all things are hidden; is effective and precious to good men; and must also be preserved by bad men。
  Eloquent words can purchase honour from others;
  And admirable deeds can put one above others;
  How can it be abandoned by men; even in their evil deeds?
  Therefore; when the Son of Heaven mounts the throne and the principal ministers come to their places;
  It is better to offer Tao as a present (without any ceremonies);
  Though there is the round jadeware; followed by the four…horse chariot。
  Why is Tao so much valued from the old days on?
  Can it not be said that (with it) one can get what he seeks for and be forgiven his sin?
  Thus it is valued by all under Heaven。

  63

  Consider nonaction as and action; having no trouble as an affair and flavourless as a flavour。
  No matter how hostile others are toward me;
  I always repay them with 〃De。〃
  Prepare for a difficult problem while it is easy;
  Enter on a great task while it is still small。
  All the difficult things under Heaven necessarily arise from the state in which they were easy;
  All the great tasks under Heaven arise from the state in which they were small。
  For this reason; the sage never does great things;
  And he can accomplish great things just on that account。
  Light promising makes on lose one's credit;
  And thinking things easy leads to difficulties。
  So; the sage; though he is very wise; pays much attention to the difficulties;
  Therefore he is free from difficulties in the end。

  64

  The stability of things is easy to hold while they are stable;
  Things are easy to deal with while they show no sign of change;
  Things are easily broken while they are still fragile;
  Things are easily dispersed while they are minute。
  Deal with things before they have happened;
  And get things in order before their disorder begins。
  A huge tree which fills one's arms grows from a tiny seedling;
  A high terrace which has nine storeys rises from a small heap of earth;
  A journey of a thousand li begins with the first step。
  He who takes action messes things up;
  And he who holds things fast loses them。
  Therefore; the sage does not fail in anything since he does nothing;
  Does not lose anything since he holds nothing。
  People often fail when they are about to succeed in their business。
  If they are as careful at the end as at the beginning;
  They would not ruin their business。
  Therefore the sage's desire is to have no desire;
  And he doesn't value rare goods。
  (The Sage's) learning is to learn nothing; in order to remedy the fault that people often have。
  Thus he helps the natural development of all things; and does not dare to act constrainedly。

  65

  From of old those who have carried out the principle of Tao do not enlighten the people with it; but make them foolish and simple with it。
  What makes it difficult to govern the people is that they have too much knowledge;
  Therefore to govern the state by wisdom is a disaster for the state;
  And not to govern the state by wisdom is a

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