04道德经英译本85种-第202章
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This is why virtue is lacking
The highest virtue takes no action and has no motive to act
The inferior virtue acts on things and then has motives to act
The highest benevolence acts on things
but has no motive for action
The highest righteousness acts on things
and also has motives for action
The highest propriety acts on things
and when nobody responds to it
Then rolls up the sleeves and throws things
And so； lose the way and then comes virtue
Lose virtue and then comes benevolence
Lose benevolence and then comes righteousness
Lose righteousness and then comes propriety
Now propriety is （but） the sham of loyalty & trust
And the beginning of confusion
Being ahead in knowledge （is but） the flower of the way
And the beginning of delusion
This is why those who are most mature
Keep to the substance
（And） do not dwell on the sham
Keep to the fruitful
（And） do not dwell on the flower
And so dismiss That to choose This
39
These things； from the beginning； have grasped wholeness：
Heaven attained the whole； becoming resolved
Earth attained the whole； becoming steady
Spirit attained the whole； becoming subtle
The valley attained the whole； becoming replenished
The myriad beings attained the whole； coming to life
Leaders & sovereigns attained the whole
as the way to attend to （all） under heaven
These things found it
Heaven； with no way to resolution；
would threaten to split apart
Earth； with no way to steadiness；
would threaten to open up
Spirit； with no way to subtlety
would probably perish
The valleys； with no way to replenishment；
would likely dry up
The myriad beings； with no way to life；
would likely be extinguished
Leaders and sovereigns；
with no way to dignity & prominence
would likely be toppled
In this way dignity regards the common as root
Prominence regards the humble as basis
This is why leaders & sovereigns refer to themselves
as orphaned & friendless； without worth
Does this not regard the common as root？
Not so？
Just as obtaining tallies of chariots
will not be （real） chariots
Do not long to dazzle & jingle like jade
Clunk & clatter like rocks
40
Reversal is the movement of the way
Yielding is the method of the way
The myriad beings in nature arose out of being
Being arose out of nothing
41
Superior students； hearing of the way；
Are diligent and practice it
Average students； hearing of the way；
Sometimes attend & sometimes forget
Inferior students； hearing of the way；
Laugh greatly about it
Without the laughter there would be no grounds
to regard this as the way
And so the established proverbs hold that：
Brightness； to the way； is as good as darkness
Advance； to the way； is as good as retreat
Evenness； to the way； is as good as roughness
The summit of character is as good as a valley
The greatest whiteness is as good as soiled
Abundant character seems inadequate
Established character seems furtive
The evident truth seems spurious
The greatest square has no corner
The greatest capacity is last to be realized
The greatest note is the rarest sound
The greatest image has no form
The way is hidden & nameless
（But） because way is good at acceptance
（it is） also fulfilling
42
The way begets the one
The one begets the two
The two beget the three
The three beget the myriad beings
The myriad beings carry the shadow and embrace the light
Mixing the breaths with harmonious action
People have their reasons to truly dislike being
揙rphaned & friendless； without worth？br》 Yet sovereign & duke take （these） as titles
Since beings may sometimes lose something； and yet benefit
May sometimes gain something； and yet be diminished
What someone else has taught
I too come to teach：
Those who are forceful & hostile
do not meet their （natural） ends
I will regard （this） as a premise of the teaching
43
Nature at its most yielding
Quickly overcomes nature at its most firm
Non…being enters （where） there is no gap
This is how we know （that） inaction
comes to have such advantages
The doctrine which has no words
The benefits of taking no action …
Few in the world attain these
44
Reputation compared to life； which is dearer？
Life compared to property； which is （worth） more？
Gain compared to loss； which is （more） distressing？
It is a given that extreme affection
Entails great cost
Much stored up entails heavy loss
To understand sufficiency is no disgrace
To understand restraint avoids limits …
（This is） the right way to live long
45
A great achievement （may） seem deficient
But its function is not impaired
A great fulfillment （may） seem empty
But its function is not diminished
Great straightforwardness （might） seem compromised
Great artfulness （might） seem clumsy
Great eloquence （might） seem to stammer
Restlessness overcomes cold
Stillness overcomes heat
Clarity & stillness act as measures to the world
46
When the world holds to the way
Retired racehorses are useful for manure
When the world loses the way
War horses breed throughout the frontier
There is no vice greater than submitting to greed
No suffering greater than never knowing sufficiency
No error greater than the hunger for gain
So to know that sufficiency is in itself sufficient
Is a truly durable sufficiency
47
Without going out the door
Comprehend （all） under heaven
Without peering out the window
Observe the way of heaven
The farther beyond one goes
One抯 comprehension is by that much diminished
This is why wise ones （might） not move about； but still know
（Might） not witness； but still describe
（Might） not act； but still accomplish
48
The pursuit of learning （means） increasing daily
The pursuit of the way （means） decreasing daily
Decreasing things and then subtracting
In order to arrive at not doing
（When） nothing is done； then nothing remains undone
To capture the world； always apply the least effort
As soon as one has to make effort
（One is） no longer adequate to the purpose
of capturing the world
49
Wise ones have no set mind
Regarding the hundred families？minds as 搈ind？br》 To those who are good we have good to extend
To those who are less than good we also have good to extend
To merit goodness
To those who are true we have truth to extend
To those who are less than true we also have truth to extend
To merit truth
Wise ones are in the world
Uniting； connecting； adopting the world
Merging with their hearts
The hundred families； as one； pay heed；
with their 揾earkening？& 揵eholding？br》 The wise ones； as one； come to laugh like children
50
Emerging in life （or） entering death
The companions of life will be three （in） ten
The companions of death will be three （in） ten
And others whose lives & actions approach the domain of death
Will also be three （in） ten
Now why is this so？
Because these live life for its substance
Now hear of the one adept at sustaining life
Traveling the countryside； not meeting buffalo or tiger
Entering a battle； not carrying armor or weapons …
The buffalo finds no place to thrust its horns
The tiger finds no place to sink its claws
The weapon finds no place to admit its blade
Now why is this so？
Because in this one there is no place for death
51
The way gives things life
Character raises them
Existence shapes them
Conditions complete them
So it is that the myriad beings； without exception；
Ennoble the way and honor character
The way will be ennobled
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