04道德经英译本85种-第187章
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He cacts by non…action; and by this he governs all。
4
Tao is without limitation; its depth is the source of whatsoever is。
It makes shard things round; it brings order out of chaos; it obscures the brilliant; it is wholly without attachment。
I do not know who gave it birth; it is more ancient than God。
5
Neither Heaven nor Earth has any predilections; they regard all persons and things as sacrificial images。
The wise man knows no distinctions; he beholds all men as things made for holy uses。
The celestial space is like unto bellows though containing nothing that is solid; it does not at any time collapse; and the more it is set in motion; the more does it produce。
The inflated man; however; is soon exhausted。
Than self…restraint there is nothing better。
6
Like the river in the valley; the spirit is never dried up。
I call it the Mother…Deep。
The motion of the Mother…Deep I regard as the origin of the Heaven and the Earth。
Forever it endures and moves without design。
7
Both Heaven and Earth endure a long time。
The cause of their endurance is their indifference to long life。
This is why the subsist。
Thus the wise man; indifferent to himself; is the greatest among men; and taking no care for himself; he is nevertheless preserved。
By being the most unselfish he is the most secure of all。
8
The greatest virtue is like water; it is good to all things。
It attains the most inaccessible places without strife。
Therefore it is like Tao。
It has the virtue of adapting itself to its place。
It is virtuous like the heart by being deep。
It is virtuous like speech be being faithful。
It is virtuous like government in regulating。
It is virtuous like a servant in its ability。
It is virtuous like action by being in season。
And because it does not strive it has no enemies。
9
It is advisable to refrain from continual reaching after wealth。
Continual handling and sharpening wears away the most durable thing。
If the house be full of jewels; who shall protect it?
Wealth and glory bring care along with pride。
To stop when good work is done and honour advancing is the way of Heaven。
10
By conserving the natural and spiritual powers it is possible to escape dissolution。
By restraining the passions and letting gentleness have its sway it is possible to continue as a child。
By purging the mind of impurities it is possible to remain untainted。
By governing the people with love it is possible to remain unknown。
By continual use of the Gates of Heaven it is possible to preserve them from rust。
By transparency on all sides it is possible to remain unrecognized。
o bring forth and preserve; to produce without possessing; to act without hope of reward; and to expand without waste; this is the supreme virtue。
11
The thirty spokes of a carriage wheel uniting at the nave are made useful by the hole in the centre; where nothing exists。
Vessels of moulded earth are useful by reason of their hollowness。
Doors and windows are useful by being cut out。
A house is useful because of its emptiness。
Existence; therefore; is like unto gain; but Non…Existence to use。
12
Light will blind a man; sound will make him deaf; taste will ruin his palate; the chase will make him wild; and precious things will tempt him。
Therefore soes the wise man provide for the soul and not for the senses。
He ignores the one and takes the other with both hands。
13
Honour and shame are the same as fear。
Fortune and disaster are the same as the person。
What is said of honour and shame is this: shame is abasement; which is feared whether is be absent or present。
So dignity and shame are inseparable from the fear which both occasion。
What is said of fortune and disaster is this: fortune and disaster are things which befall the person。
So without personality how should I suffer disaster or the reverse?
Therefore by the accident of good fortune a man may rule the world for a time。
But by virtue of love he may rule the world for ever。
14
Ie。 Plainness is that which cannot be seen by looking at it。
He。 Stillness is that which cannot be heard by listening to it。
We。 Rareness is that which cannot be felt by handling it。
These; being indiscernible; may be regarded as an unity … I H W; Tao。
It is not bright above nor dark beneath。
Infinite in operation; it is yet without name。
Issuing forth it enters into Itself。
This is the appearance of the Non…Apparent; the form of the Non…Existent。
This is the unfathomable mystery。
Going before; its face is not seen; following after; its back is not observed。
Yet to regulate one's life by the ancient knowledge of Tao is to have found the path。
15
The ancient wise men were skilful in their mysterious acquaintance with profundities。
They were fathomless in their depths; so profound; that I cannot bring them forth to my mind。
They were cautious; like one who crosses a swollen river。
They were reserved; like one who doubts his fellows。
They were watchful; like one who travels abroad。
They were retiring; like snow beneath the sun。
They were simple; like newly felled timber。
They were lowly; like the valley。
They were obscure; like muddy water。
May not a man take muddy water and make it clear by keeping still?
May not a man take a dead thing and make it alive by continuous motion?
Those who follow this Tao have no need of replenishing; and being devoid of all properties; they grow old without need of being filled。
16
Having emptied yourself of everything; remain where you are。
All things spring forth into activity with one accord; and wither do we see them return?
After blossoming for a while; everything dies down to its root。
This going back to one's origin is called peace: it is the giving of oneself over to the inevitable。
This giving of oneself over to the inevitable is called preservation。
He who knows this preservation is called enlightened。
He who knows it not continues in misery。
He who knows this preservation is great of soul。
He who is great of soul is prevailing。
Prevailing; he is a king。
Being a king; he is celestial。
Being celestial; he is of Tao。
Being of Tao; he endures for ever: for though his body perish; yet he suffers no hurt。
17
In the first age of mankind the people recognized their superiors。
In the second age they served and flattered them。
In the third age they feared them;
In the fourth age they despised them。
Where faith is lacking it does not inspire confidence。
How careful were they in their expressions!
When they had done a good thing they would say; 〃How very natural we are!〃
18
When the great Tao is lost men follow after charity and duty to one's neighbours。
When wisdom has met with honours the world is full of pretenders。
When family ties are severed then filial duty and parental indulgence take their place
When a nation is filled with strife then do patriots flourish。
19
By giving up their self…righteousness and abandoning their wisdom the people would be immensely improved。
Forsaking Charity and Duty to the neighbours; they might revert to their natural relations。
Abandoning excellence and foregoing gain; the people would have no more thieves。
The cultivation of these things has been a failure; therefore they should go back whence they came。
And for you; do come forth in your natural simplicity; lay hold on verities; restrain selfishness; and rid yourself of ambition。
20
Dispense with your learning and save yourselves anxiety; the difference between certainly and perhaps is not much after all。
Do they help us to distinguish between good and evil? for one must always by careful of distinctions!
Alas! but the people will never be free of their folly。
They are fil