04道德经英译本85种-第174章
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If the people have a normal fear of death; and some do something unorthodox;
Then I would catch them and put them to death。
Who would dare break the law?
There is always an executioner in charge of killing。
If someone tries to do the killing for the executioner; it is called trying to chop wood for the Great Carpenter。
Few who substitute for the Great Carpenter do not injure their own limbs。
75
If the people starve; it is because those above them tax their livelihood too heavily。
That is why they starve。
If the people are unruly;
It is because those above them are too Active。
That is why they are unruly。
If the people take death lightly; it is because they seek life's bounty。
That is why they take death lightly。
Those who live life without striving are exemplars of valuing life。
76
When a person is born he is soft and supple。
When he dies he is stiff and hard。
All things; including plants are soft and tender at birth。
At death they are withered and dry。
Hence the stiff and the hard are the closest to death; the soft and the supple are closest to life。
That is why a rigidly strong army is not victorious。
The sturdy tree gets cut down。
Rigidity and strength are inferior;
Suppleness and softness are superior。
77
The Tao of heaven is like drawing a bow:
For high things; lower: for low things; raise;
If excessive; reduce; if insufficient; supplement。
The Tao of heaven reduces the excessive and supplements the insufficient。
The way of man is not so。
It takes from the insufficient and adds to the excessive。
Who can have enough surplus to supplement the world?
Only those with Tao。
That is why the Sage acts but does not demand subservience; is deserving of merit yet claims no credit。
He has no desire to show his worth。
78
Nothing in the world is softer and more supple than water。
Yet when attacking the hard and the strong nothing can surpass it。
The supple overcomes the hard。
The soft overcomes the strong。
None in the world do not know this。
Yet none can practice it。
That is why the Sage says to accept the filth of a nation is to be the lord of the society。
To accept the disasters of a nation is to be is to be the ruler of the world。
Words of truth seem contradictory。
79
Compromising with great hatred inevitably leads to more hatred。
How can this be considered good?
That is why the Sage holds the left half of the tally…stick yet does not demand others measure up。
To have Te is to hold the other half of the tally…stick。
To be without Te is to lose the tally…stick。
The Tao of heaven is not clannish。
It always dwell with the good man。
80
In small country of few people; even if there are hundreds of weapons; they are unnecessary。
Cause the people to respect death and they will not migrate。
Though there are ships and vehicles; no…one boards them。
Though there are armour and weapons; no…one parades with them。
Let men return to knotting strings and using them。
Food will be sweet。
Clothes will be beautiful。
Homes will be comfortable。
Customs will delight。
Although neighbouring states will see each other and hear the other's chickens and dogs; the citizens of each will age and die establishing contact with the other。
81
Words of truth are not beautiful。
Beautiful words are not truthful。
The good do not argue;
Those who are argue are not good。
The wise are not extensively learned;
The extensively learned are not wise。
The Sage is not mean。
Simply doing things for others he feels the greater fulfilment。
Simply giving to others he feels he has gained more。
The Tao of heaven benefits and does not harm。
The Tao of the Sage is to accomplish without competing。
English_Goddard_TTK
Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
Chinese … English by
Dwight Goddard; 1919
Vorwort/Foreword
I LOVE LAOTZU! That is the reason I offer another interpretative translation; and try to print and bind it attractively。 I want you to appreciate this wise and kindly old man; and come to love him。 He was perhaps the first of scholars (6th century B。C。) to have a vision of spiritual reality; and he tried so hard to explain it to others; only; in the end; to wander away into the Great Unknown in pathetic discouragement。 Everything was against him; his friends misunderstood him; others made fun of him。
Even the written characters which he must use to preserve his thought conspired against him。 They were only five thousand in all; and were ill adapted to express mystical and abstract ideas。 When these characters are translated accurately; the translation is necessarily awkward and obscure。 Sinologues have unintentionally done him an injustice by their very scholarship。 I have tried to peer through the clumsy characters into his heart and prayed that love for him would make me wise to understand aright。
I hate scholarship that would deny his existence; or arrogant erudition that says patronizingly; 〃Oh; yes; there doubtless was some one who wrote some of the characteristic sonnets; but most of them are an accumulation through the centuries of verses that have similar structure; and all have been changed and amended until it is better to call the book a collection of aphorisms。〃
Shame on scholarship when; sharing the visions of the illuminati; they deride them!
There are three great facts in China to…day that vouch for Laotzu。 First; the presence of Taoism;which was suggested by his teachings; not founded upon them。 This is explained by the inability of the scholars; who immediately followed him to understand and appreciate the spirituality of his teachings。 Second; Confucian dislike for Laotzian ideas; which is explained by their opposition to Confucian ethics。 Third; and the greatest fact of all; is the characteristic traits of Chinese nature; namely; passivity; submissiveness and moral concern; all of which find an adequate cause and source in the teachings of Laotzu。
An interesting fact in regard to the thought of Laotzu is this。 Although for two thousand years he has been misunderstood and derided; to…day the very best of scientific and philosophic thought; which gathers about what is known as Vitalism; is in full accord with Laotzu's idea of the Tao。 Every reference that is made to…day to a Cosmic Urge; Vital Impulse; and Creative Principle can be said of the Tao。 Everything that can be said of Plato's Ideas and Forms and of Cosmic Love as being the creative expression of God can be said of the Tao。 When Christian scholars came to translate the Logos of St。 John; they were satisfied to use the word 〃Tao。〃
It is true that Laotzu's conception of the Tao was limited to a conception of a universal; creative principle。 He apparently had no conception of personality; which the Christians ascribe to God; in connection with it; but he ascribed so much of wisdom and benevolence to it that his conception fell little short of personality。 To Laotzu; the Tao is the universal and eternal principle which forms and conditions everything; it is that intangible cosmic influence which harmonizes all things and brings them to fruition; it is the norm and standard of truth and morality。 Laotzu did more than entertain an intelligent opinion of Tao as a creative principle; he had a devout and religious sentiment towards it: 〃He loved the Tao as a son cherishes and reveres his mother。〃
There are three key words in the thought of Laotzu: Tao; Teh; and Wu Wei。 They are all difficult to translate。 The simple meaning of Tao is 〃way;〃 but it also has a wide variety of other meanings Dr。 Paul Carus translates it; 〃Reason;〃 but apologizes for so doing。 If forced to offer a translation we would suggest Creative Principle; but much prefer to leave it untranslated。
The character; 〃Teh;〃 is usually translated 〃virtue。〃 This is correct as a mere translation of the; character; but is in; no sense adequate to the cont