04道德经英译本85种-第159章
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Lose virtue; and afterwards comes benevolence。
Lose benevolence; and afterwards comes righteousness。
Lose righteousness; and afterwards comes etiquette。
Those who 'act only by' etiquette
Are the thin shell of loyalty and sincerity and the leaders of chaos。
Those who are prescient
Are flowers of the Tao but also the initiators of folly。
Therefore; great people
Live in the thick and do not dwell in the thin。
Live in the real and do not dwell in the flowers。
This is the reason they let go of those
And receive these。
39
Those which of old obtained the One:
Heaven obtained the One and thus clarity。
Earth obtained the One and thus repose。
Spirits obtained the One and thus animation。
Waterways obtained the One and thus fullness。
The ten…thousand things obtained the One and thus livelihood。
Lords and kings obtained the One and thus became dedicated to the world。
This conveys it:
Heaven; without means of clarity; would fearfully split open。
Earth; without means of repose; would fearfully be terminated。
Spirits; without means of animation; would fearfully come to an end。
Waterways; without means of fullness; would fearfully be used up。
The ten…thousand things; without means of livelihood; would fearfully die
away。
Lords and kings; without means of dedication; would fearfully stumble and
fall。
This is the reason nobility therefore takes lowliness as the root。
The high therefore takes the low as the foundation。
Therefore; the lords and kings called themselves
揙rphaned;?揵ereft;?and 搖nfortunate。?br》 Isn抰 this 搕aking lowliness as the root?considered wrong?
Not at all!
The utmost honor is not renowned。
Do not desire jade…like stones as if 'they were truly' jade。
Jade beads are like rocks。
40
揜eturn?is the motion of the Tao。
揥eakening?is the function of the Tao。
The world and the ten…thousand things were born to existence。
Existence was born to non…existence。
41
High scholars hear of the Tao attentively and practice it。
Middling scholars hear of the Tao?br》 They seem to keep it 'sometimes'; seem to lose it 'at other times'。
Low scholars hear of the Tao?br》 They greatly deride it。
Not deriding is not sufficient to be the Tao。
This is the reason that 'among the' established sayings there are these:
揟he clear Tao seems obscure。?br》 揗aking progress in the Tao seems like going backwards。?br》 揟he smooth Tao seems flawed。?br》 揝uperior virtue seems like a hollow。?br》 揋reat purity seems like dishonor。?br》 揈xtensive virtue seems insufficient。?br》 揃uilding virtue seems like whiling away without purpose。?br》 揟rue qualities seem to change。?br》
揂 great region is without corners。?br》 揂 great instrument is completed toward the end。?br》 揋reat sound is rarely made known。?br》 揋reat shape is without form。?br》
The Tao is hidden。
Nameless。
But only the Tao is good at pardoning and completing。
42
The Tao gives birth to One
One gives birth to Two
Two gives birth to Three
The three give birth to the ten…thousand things。
The ten…thousand things take refuge in yin but harbor yang
Infusing ch抜 in order to act in harmony。
That which is detested among people:
Only 'being' orphaned; bereft; unfortunate。
Yet kings are indifferent to being 'thus' called。
Therefore; beings might decry them
And yet 'they are' profited。
Might profit them and yet 'they are' decried。
That which is taught among people?br》 I also teach it:
Those who are swelling with violence
Do not conquer their death。
I will therefore take 'these' teachings as 'my' father。
43
The softest 'things' in the world
'Are like' swift; galloping horses
'To' the hardest 'things' in the world。
Non…existence enters no…space。
We therefore know
That the occurrence of non…action is advantageous。
The teaching of no…words
The advantages of non…action?br》
The world rarely matches them。
44
Fame and the body: which is dear?
The body and money: which is more?
Gaining and losing: which is a fault?
This is indeed the reason that excessive love
Most certainly exacts a great price。
'After' much hoarding is certainly substantial loss。
Knowing sufficiency; no dishonor。
Knowing to stop; no danger。
'One is' able thereby to last eternally。
45
Great completion seems incomplete。
Its use is not worn…out。
Great fullness seems empty。
Its use is not exhausted。
Great straightness seems bent。
Great skill seems clumsy。
Great argumentation seems slow of speech。
Stillness overcomes restlessness。
Coldness overcomes heat。
Clear and still; become for the world what is correct。
46
'When' the world has the Tao
'It' retires trotting horses to fertilize the soil。
'When' the world lacks the Tao
War horses are bred in the suburbs。
Of misfortunes; there is none greater than not knowing sufficiency。
Of faults; there is none greater than desiring gain。
This is the reason that to know the sufficiency of sufficiency
Is a lasting sufficiency indeed。
47
Without going out the door; know the world。
Without peaking out the windows; see the Celestial Tao。
The more distant one抯 going…out
The less one抯 knowledge is。
Therefore; the sages
Do not travel; and yet know
Do not see; and yet clearly understand
Do not 揹o;?and yet complete 'their work'。
48
Take learning to be daily increase。
Take Tao to be daily decrease。
Decrease upon decrease?br》 Thereby arrive at non…action。
Non…action and not 揹oing?
Take the world always by non…administration。
Until this 'happens'; there exists administration。
'This is' not sufficient to take the world。
49
The sages are without fixed minds。
Therefore; the hundred clans?mind
Do 'the sages' take to be 'their own' mind。
Those who are good; I am good to them。
Those who are not good; I am also good to them。
'This is' virtue 'as' goodness。
Those who are sincere; I am sincere to them。
Those who are not sincere; I am also sincere to them。
'This is' virtue 'as' sincerity。
The sages living in the world thereupon take everything in
Acting in the world; merging their minds。
The hundred clans梕ach one梡ays attention with its ears and eyes。
The sages all treat them as children。
50
Produced by birth; entering into death:
The disciples of life are three out of ten。
The disciples of death are three out of ten。
The lives of people
That move them toward a death on the earth:
'Of these' are there also three out of ten。
Why?
Because of their living the thickness of life。
But hear of those 'one in ten' who are good at negotiating life:
Traveling by land; they do not encounter the cruel or the fierce。
Entering into an army; they are not covered with armor or weapons。
The cruel have no place to thrust their spear…tips
The fierce have no place to use their claws
Soldiers find no place to receive their blades。
Why?
Because of their having no death on the earth。
51
The Tao gives birth to them
Virtue rears them
Nature forms them
Conditions complete them。
Therefore; of the ten…thousand things
There are none that do not honor the Tao
And value Virtue。
The honoring of the Tao
The valuing of Virtue:
Man does not command them 'to do so'
And they are always genuinely themselves
Because the Tao gives birth to them
And Virtue raises them
Leads them; nourishes them
Erects them; poisons them
Supports them; destroys them。
Giving birth but not possessing
Acting but not presuming
Leading but not oppressively ruling?br》
This is called 揗ystic Virtue。?br》