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wild wales-第161章

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but a chaos of doubt and perplexity; else why such exclamations as 
these?  Why is the Wallachian word for water Sanscrit? for what is 
the difference between apa and ap?  Wallachian is formed from Latin 
and Sclavonian; why then is not the word for water either woda or 
aqua; or a modification of either?  Why is the Arabic word for the 
sea Irish; for what is the difference between bahar; the Arabic 
word for sea; and beathra; an old Irish word for water; pronounced 
barra; whence the river Barrow?  How is it that one of the names of 
the Ganges is Welsh; for what is the difference between Dhur; a 
name of that river; and dwr; the common Welsh word for water?  How 
is it that aequor; a Latin word for the sea; so much resembles 
AEgir; the name of the Norse God of the sea? and how is it that 
Asaer; the appellative of the Northern Gods; is so like Asura; the 
family name of certain Hindu demons?  Why does the scanty Gailk; 
the language of the Isle of Man; possess more Sanscrit words than 
the mighty Arabic; the richest of all tongues; and why has the 
Welsh only four words for a hill; and its sister language the Irish 
fifty…five?  How is it that the names of so many streams in various 
countries; for example Donau; Dwina; Don; and Tyne; so much 
resemble Dhuni; a Sanscrit word for a river?  How is it that the 
Sanscrit devila stands for what is wise and virtuous; and the 
English devil for all that is desperate and wicked?  How is it that 
Alp and Apennine; Celtic words for a hill; so much resemble ap and 
apah; Sanscrit words for water?  Why does the Sanscrit kalya mean 
to…morrow as well as yesterday; and the Gypsy merripen life as well 
as death?  How is it that ur; a Gaelic word for fire; is so like 
ura the Basque word for water; and Ure the name of an English 
stream?  Why does neron; the Modern Greek word for water; so little 
resemble the ancient Greek 'text which cannot be reproduced' and so 
much resemble the Sanscrit nira? and how is it that nara; which 
like nira signifies water; so much resembles nara; the word for man 
and the Divinity?  How is it that Nereus; the name of an ancient 
Greek water god; and Nar; the Arabic word for fire; are so very 
like Ner; the Welsh word for the Creator?  How is it that a certain 
Scottish river bears the name of the wife of Oceanus; for what is 
Teith but Teithys?  How indeed! and why indeed! to these and a 
thousand similar questions。  Ah man; man! human reason will never 
answer them; and you may run wild about them; unless; dropping your 
pride; you are content to turn for a solution of your doubts to a 
certain old volume; once considered a book of divine revelation; 
but now a collection of old wives' tales; the Bible。



Footnotes:

(1) That vira at one time meant man in general; as well as fire; 
there can be no doubt。  It is singular how this word or something 
strikingly like it; occurs in various European languages; sometimes 
as man; sometimes as fire。  Vir in Latin signifies man; but vuur in 
Dutch signifies fire。  In like manner fear in Irish signifies a 
man; but fire in English signifies the consuming; or; as the Hindus 
would call it; the producing element。

(2) 〃Pawb a'i cenfydd; o bydd bai;
A Bawddyn; er na byddai。〃 … GRONWY OWEN。

(3) One or two of the characters and incidents in this Saga are 
mentioned in the Romany Rye。  London; 1857; vol。 i。 p。 240; vol。 
ii。  p。 150。

A partial translation of the Saga; made by myself; has been many 
years in existence。  It forms part of a mountain of unpublished 
translations from the Northern languages。  In my younger days no 
London publisher; or indeed magazine editor; would look at anything 
from the Norse; Danish; etc。

(4) All these three names are very common in Norfolk; the 
population of which is of Norse origin。  Skarphethin is at present 
pronounced Sharpin。  Helgi Heely。  Skarphethin; interpreted; is a 
keen pirate。

(5) Eryri likewise signifies an excrescence or scrofulous eruption。  
It is possible that many will be disposed to maintain that in the 
case of Snowdon the word is intended to express a rugged 
excrescence or eruption on the surface of the earth。

(6) It will not be amiss to observe that the original term is 
gwyddfa but gwyddfa; being a feminine noun or compound commencing 
with g; which is a mutable consonant; loses the initial letter 
before y the definite article … you say Gwyddfa a tumulus; but not 
y gwyddfa THE tumulus。

(7) Essay on the Origin of the English Stage by Bishop Percy。  
London; 1793。

(8) The above account is chiefly taken from the curious Welsh book 
called 〃Dych y prif Oesoedd。〃

(9) Spirits。

(10) Eel。

(11) For an account of this worm; which has various denominations; 
see article 〃Fasciola Hepatica〃 in any Encyclopaedia。

(12) As the umbrella is rather a hackneyed subject two or three 
things will of course be found in the above eulogium on an umbrella 
which have been said by other folks on that subject; the writer; 
however; flatters himself that in his eulogium on an umbrella two 
or three things will also be found which have never been said by 
any one else about an umbrella。

(13) Bitter root。

(14) Amongst others a kind of novel called 〃The Adventures of Twm 
Shon Catty; a Wild Wag of Wales。〃  It possesses considerable 
literary merit; the language being pure; and many of the 
descriptions graphic。  By far the greater part of it; however; 
would serve for the life of any young Welsh peasant; quite as well 
as for that of Twm Shon Catti。  Its grand fault is endeavouring to 
invest Twm Shon with a character of honesty; and to make his 
exploits appear rather those of a wild young waggish fellow than of 
a robber。  This was committing a great mistake。  When people take 
up the lives of bad characters the more rogueries and villainies 
they find; the better they are pleased; and they are very much 
disappointed and consider themselves defrauded by any attempt to 
apologise for the actions of the heroes。  If the thieves should 
chance to have reformed; the respectable readers wish to hear 
nothing of their reformation till just at the close of the book; 
when they are very happy to have done with them for ever。

(15) Skazka O Klimkie。  Moscow; 1829。

(16) Hanes Crefydd Yn Nghymru。

(17) The good gentlewoman was probably thinking of the celebrated 
king Brian Boromhe slain at the battle of Clontarf。

(18) Fox's Court … perhaps London。

(19) Drych y Prif Oesoedd; p。 100。

(20) Y Greal; p。 279。

(21) Hanes Crefydd Yn NGhymru。

(22) Fear caoch:  vir caecus。

(23) Curses of this description; or evil prayers as they are 
called; are very common in the Irish language; and are frequently 
turned to terrible account by that most singular class or sect; the 
Irish mendicants。  Several cases have occurred connected with these 
prayers; corresponding in many respects with the case detailed 
above。

(24) Sanscrit; Kali; a hero。

(25) Sanscrit; Rama; Ramana; a husband。

(26) Romany chal; son of Rome; lad of Rome。  Romany chi; daughter 
of Rome; girl of Rome。  Chal; chiel; child; the Russian cheloviek; 
a man; and the Sanscrit Jana; to be born; are all kindred words。

(27) For a clear and satisfactory account of this system see Owen's 
Welsh Grammar; p。 13。
(28) Owen's Grammar; p。 40。

(29) Pronounced vile or wile … here the principle of literal 
mutation is at work。

(30) Lat。 aurum; gold; AERis; of brass。  Perhaps the true meaning 
of ara; aurum; &c。; is unrefined metal; if so; we have the root of 
them all in our own word ore。

(31) 〃The Eternal; the divine imperishable spirit pervading the 
universe。〃 …  WILSON'S SANSCRIT DICTIONARY; p。 453。






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