wild wales-第161章
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but a chaos of doubt and perplexity; else why such exclamations as
these? Why is the Wallachian word for water Sanscrit? for what is
the difference between apa and ap? Wallachian is formed from Latin
and Sclavonian; why then is not the word for water either woda or
aqua; or a modification of either? Why is the Arabic word for the
sea Irish; for what is the difference between bahar; the Arabic
word for sea; and beathra; an old Irish word for water; pronounced
barra; whence the river Barrow? How is it that one of the names of
the Ganges is Welsh; for what is the difference between Dhur; a
name of that river; and dwr; the common Welsh word for water? How
is it that aequor; a Latin word for the sea; so much resembles
AEgir; the name of the Norse God of the sea? and how is it that
Asaer; the appellative of the Northern Gods; is so like Asura; the
family name of certain Hindu demons? Why does the scanty Gailk;
the language of the Isle of Man; possess more Sanscrit words than
the mighty Arabic; the richest of all tongues; and why has the
Welsh only four words for a hill; and its sister language the Irish
fifty…five? How is it that the names of so many streams in various
countries; for example Donau; Dwina; Don; and Tyne; so much
resemble Dhuni; a Sanscrit word for a river? How is it that the
Sanscrit devila stands for what is wise and virtuous; and the
English devil for all that is desperate and wicked? How is it that
Alp and Apennine; Celtic words for a hill; so much resemble ap and
apah; Sanscrit words for water? Why does the Sanscrit kalya mean
to…morrow as well as yesterday; and the Gypsy merripen life as well
as death? How is it that ur; a Gaelic word for fire; is so like
ura the Basque word for water; and Ure the name of an English
stream? Why does neron; the Modern Greek word for water; so little
resemble the ancient Greek 'text which cannot be reproduced' and so
much resemble the Sanscrit nira? and how is it that nara; which
like nira signifies water; so much resembles nara; the word for man
and the Divinity? How is it that Nereus; the name of an ancient
Greek water god; and Nar; the Arabic word for fire; are so very
like Ner; the Welsh word for the Creator? How is it that a certain
Scottish river bears the name of the wife of Oceanus; for what is
Teith but Teithys? How indeed! and why indeed! to these and a
thousand similar questions。 Ah man; man! human reason will never
answer them; and you may run wild about them; unless; dropping your
pride; you are content to turn for a solution of your doubts to a
certain old volume; once considered a book of divine revelation;
but now a collection of old wives' tales; the Bible。
Footnotes:
(1) That vira at one time meant man in general; as well as fire;
there can be no doubt。 It is singular how this word or something
strikingly like it; occurs in various European languages; sometimes
as man; sometimes as fire。 Vir in Latin signifies man; but vuur in
Dutch signifies fire。 In like manner fear in Irish signifies a
man; but fire in English signifies the consuming; or; as the Hindus
would call it; the producing element。
(2) 〃Pawb a'i cenfydd; o bydd bai;
A Bawddyn; er na byddai。〃 … GRONWY OWEN。
(3) One or two of the characters and incidents in this Saga are
mentioned in the Romany Rye。 London; 1857; vol。 i。 p。 240; vol。
ii。 p。 150。
A partial translation of the Saga; made by myself; has been many
years in existence。 It forms part of a mountain of unpublished
translations from the Northern languages。 In my younger days no
London publisher; or indeed magazine editor; would look at anything
from the Norse; Danish; etc。
(4) All these three names are very common in Norfolk; the
population of which is of Norse origin。 Skarphethin is at present
pronounced Sharpin。 Helgi Heely。 Skarphethin; interpreted; is a
keen pirate。
(5) Eryri likewise signifies an excrescence or scrofulous eruption。
It is possible that many will be disposed to maintain that in the
case of Snowdon the word is intended to express a rugged
excrescence or eruption on the surface of the earth。
(6) It will not be amiss to observe that the original term is
gwyddfa but gwyddfa; being a feminine noun or compound commencing
with g; which is a mutable consonant; loses the initial letter
before y the definite article … you say Gwyddfa a tumulus; but not
y gwyddfa THE tumulus。
(7) Essay on the Origin of the English Stage by Bishop Percy。
London; 1793。
(8) The above account is chiefly taken from the curious Welsh book
called 〃Dych y prif Oesoedd。〃
(9) Spirits。
(10) Eel。
(11) For an account of this worm; which has various denominations;
see article 〃Fasciola Hepatica〃 in any Encyclopaedia。
(12) As the umbrella is rather a hackneyed subject two or three
things will of course be found in the above eulogium on an umbrella
which have been said by other folks on that subject; the writer;
however; flatters himself that in his eulogium on an umbrella two
or three things will also be found which have never been said by
any one else about an umbrella。
(13) Bitter root。
(14) Amongst others a kind of novel called 〃The Adventures of Twm
Shon Catty; a Wild Wag of Wales。〃 It possesses considerable
literary merit; the language being pure; and many of the
descriptions graphic。 By far the greater part of it; however;
would serve for the life of any young Welsh peasant; quite as well
as for that of Twm Shon Catti。 Its grand fault is endeavouring to
invest Twm Shon with a character of honesty; and to make his
exploits appear rather those of a wild young waggish fellow than of
a robber。 This was committing a great mistake。 When people take
up the lives of bad characters the more rogueries and villainies
they find; the better they are pleased; and they are very much
disappointed and consider themselves defrauded by any attempt to
apologise for the actions of the heroes。 If the thieves should
chance to have reformed; the respectable readers wish to hear
nothing of their reformation till just at the close of the book;
when they are very happy to have done with them for ever。
(15) Skazka O Klimkie。 Moscow; 1829。
(16) Hanes Crefydd Yn Nghymru。
(17) The good gentlewoman was probably thinking of the celebrated
king Brian Boromhe slain at the battle of Clontarf。
(18) Fox's Court … perhaps London。
(19) Drych y Prif Oesoedd; p。 100。
(20) Y Greal; p。 279。
(21) Hanes Crefydd Yn NGhymru。
(22) Fear caoch: vir caecus。
(23) Curses of this description; or evil prayers as they are
called; are very common in the Irish language; and are frequently
turned to terrible account by that most singular class or sect; the
Irish mendicants。 Several cases have occurred connected with these
prayers; corresponding in many respects with the case detailed
above。
(24) Sanscrit; Kali; a hero。
(25) Sanscrit; Rama; Ramana; a husband。
(26) Romany chal; son of Rome; lad of Rome。 Romany chi; daughter
of Rome; girl of Rome。 Chal; chiel; child; the Russian cheloviek;
a man; and the Sanscrit Jana; to be born; are all kindred words。
(27) For a clear and satisfactory account of this system see Owen's
Welsh Grammar; p。 13。
(28) Owen's Grammar; p。 40。
(29) Pronounced vile or wile … here the principle of literal
mutation is at work。
(30) Lat。 aurum; gold; AERis; of brass。 Perhaps the true meaning
of ara; aurum; &c。; is unrefined metal; if so; we have the root of
them all in our own word ore。
(31) 〃The Eternal; the divine imperishable spirit pervading the
universe。〃 … WILSON'S SANSCRIT DICTIONARY; p。 453。
End