memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第94章

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　will　ask　for　orders　to　leave　General　Schofield　here　with　the　Tenth　Corps；　and　to　march　myself　with　the　Fourteenth；　Fifteenth；　Seventeenth；　Twentieth；　and　Twenty…third　Corps　via　Bnrkesville　and　Gordonsville　to　Frederick　or　Hagerstown；　Maryland；　there　to　be　paid　and　mustered　out。

The　question　of　finance　is　now　the　chief　one；　and　every　soldier　and　officer　not　needed　should　be　got　home　at　work。　　I　would　like　to　be　able　to　begin　the　march　north　by　May　1st。

I　urge；　on　the　part　of　the　President；　speedy　action；　as　it　is　important　to　get　the　Confederate　armies　to　their　homes　as　well　as　our　own。

I　am；　with　great　respect；　your　obedient　servant；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General　commanding。


Memorandum；　or　Basis　of　agreement；　made　this　18th　day　of　April；　A。　D。　　1865；　near　Durham's　Station；　in　the　State　of　North　Carolina；　by　and　between　General　Joseph　E。　JOHNSTON；　commanding　the　Confederate　Army；　and　Major…General　William　T。　SHERMAN；　commanding　the　army　of　the　United　States　in　North　Carolina；　both　present：

1。　　The　contending　armies　now　in　the　field　to　maintain　the　statu　quo　until　notice　is　given　by　the　commanding　general　of　any　one　to　its　opponent；　and　reasonable　timesay；　forty…eight　hoursallowed。

2。　　The　Confederate　armies　now　in　existence　to　be　disbanded　and　conducted　to　their　several　State　capitals；　there　to　deposit　their　arms　and　public　property　in　the　State　Arsenal；　and　each　officer　and　man　to　execute　and　file　an　agreement　to　cease　from　acts　of　war；　and　to　abide　the　action　of　the　State　and　Federal　authority。　　The　number　of　arms　and　munitions　of　war　to　be　reported　to　the　Chief　of　Ordnance　at　Washington　City；　subject　to　the　future　action　of　the　Congress　of　the　United　States；　and；　in　the　mean　time；　to　be　needed　solely　to　maintain　peace　and　order　within　the　borders　of　the　States　respectively。

3。　　The　recognition；　by　the　Executive　of　the　United　States；　of　the　several　State　governments；　on　their　officers　and　Legislatures　taking　the　oaths　prescribed　by　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States；　and；　where　conflicting　State　governments　have　resulted　from　the　war；　the　legitimacy　of　all　shall　be　submitted　to　the　Supreme　Court　of　the　United　States。

4。　　The　reestablishment　of　all　the　Federal　Courts　in　the　several　States；　with　powers　as　defined　by　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States　and　of　the　States　respectively。

5。　　The　people　and　inhabitants　of　all　the　States　to　be　guaranteed；　so　far　as　the　Executive　can；　their　political　rights　and　franchises；　as　well　as　their　rights　of　person　sad　property；　as　defined　by　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States　and　of　the　States　respectively。

6。　　The　Executive　authority　of　the　Government　of　the　United　States　not　to　disturb　any　of　the　people　by　reason　of　the　late　war；　so　long　as　they　live　in　peace　and　quiet；　abstain　from　acts　of　armed　hostility；　and　obey　the　laws　in　existence　at　the　place　of　their　residence。

7。　　In　general　termsthe　war　to　cease；　a　general　amnesty；　so　far　as　the　Executive　of　the　United　States　can　command；　on　condition　of　the　disbandment　of　the　Confederate　armies；　the　distribution　of　the　arms；　and　the　resumption　of　peaceful　pursuits　by　the　officers　and　men　hitherto　composing　said　armies。

Not　being　fully　empowered　by　our　respective　principals　to　fulfill　these　terms；　we　individually　and　officially　pledge　ourselves　to　promptly　obtain　the　necessary　authority；　and　to　carry　out　the　above　programme。

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General；　Commanding　Army　of　the　United　States　in　North　Carolina。

J。　E。　JOHNSTON；　General；　Commanding　Confederate　States　Army　in　North　Carolina。


Major　Hitchcock　got　off　on　the　morning　of　the　20th；　and　I　reckoned　that　it　would　take　him　four　or　five　days　to　go　to　Washington　and　back。　　During　that　time　the　repairs　on　all　the　railroads　and　telegraph…lines　were　pushed　with　energy；　and　we　also　got　possession　of　the　railroad　and　telegraph　from　Raleigh　to　Weldon；　in　the　direction　of　Norfolk。　　Meantime　the　troops　remained　statu　quo；　our　cavalry　occupying　Durham's　Station　and　Chapel　Hill。　　General　Slocum's　head　of　column　was　at　Aven's　Ferry　on　Cape　Fear　River；　and　General　Howard's　was　strung　along　the　railroad　toward　Hillsboro'；　the　rest　of　the　army　was　in　and　about　Raleigh。

On　the　20th　I　reviewed　the　Tenth　Corps；　and　was　much　pleased　at　the　appearance　of　General　Paines's　division　of　black　troops；　the　first　I　had　ever　seen　as　a　part　of　an　organized　army；　and　on　the　21st　I　reviewed　the　Twenty…third　Corps；　which　had　been　with　me　to　Atlanta；　but　had　returned　to　Nashville　had　formed　an　essential　part　of　the　army　which　fought　at　Franklin；　and　with　which　General　Thomas　had　defeated　General　Hood　in　Tennessee。　　It　had　then　been　transferred　rapidly　by　rail　to　Baltimore　and　Washington　by　General　Grant's　orders；　and　thence　by　sea　to　North　Carolina。　　Nothing　of　interest　happened　at　Raleigh　till　the　evening　of　April　23d；　when　Major　Hitchcock　reported　by　telegraph　his　return　to　Morehead　City；　and　that　he　would　come　up　by　rail　during　the　night。　　He　arrived　at　6　a。m。；　April　24th；　accompanied　by　General　Grant　and　one　or　two　officers　of　his　staff；　who　had　not　telegraphed　the　fact　of　their　being　on　the　train；　for　prudential　reasons。　　Of　course；　I　was　both　surprised　and　pleased　to　see　the　general；　soon　learned　that　my　terms　with　Johnston　had　been　disapproved；　was　instructed　by　him　to　give　the　forty…eight　hours'　notice　required　by　the　terms　of　the　truce；　and　afterward　to　proceed　to　attack　or　follow　him。　　I　immediately　telegraphed　to　General　Kilpatrick；　at　Durham's；　to　have　a　mounted　courier　ready　to　carry　the　following　message；　then　on　its　way　up　by　rail；　to　the　rebel　lines：

HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVISION　OF　THE　MISSISSIPPI　IN　THE　FIELD；　RALEIGH；　NORTH　CAROLINA；　April　24；　1865　6　A。M。

General　JOHNSTON；　commanding　Confederate　Army；　Greensboro'：

You　will　take　notice　that　the　truce　or　suspension　of　hostilities　agreed　to　between　us　will　cease　in　forty…eight　hours　after　this　is　received　at　your　lines；　under　the　first　of　the　articles　of　agreement。

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General。


At　the　same　time　I　wrote　another　short　note　to　General　Johnston；　of　the　same　date：

I　have　replies　from　Washington　to　my　communications　of　April　18th。　I　am　instructed　to　limit　my　operations　to　your　immediate　command；　and　not　to　attempt　civil　negotiations。　　I　therefore　demand　the　surrender　of　your　army　on　the　same　terms　as　were　given　to　General　Lee　at　Appomattox；　April　9th　instant；　purely　and　simply。

Of　course；　both　these　papers　were　shown　to　General　Grant　at　the　time；　before　they　were　sent；　and　he　approved　of　them。

At　the　same　time　orders　were　sent　to　all　parts　of　the　army　to　be　ready　to　resume　the　pursuit　of　the　enemy　on　the　expiration　of　the　forty…eight　hours'　truce；　and　messages　were　sent　to　General　Gillmore　（at　Hilton　Head）　to　the　same　effect；　with　instructions　to　get　a　similar　message　through　to　General　Wilson；　at　Macon；　by　some　means。

General　Grant　had　brought　with　him；　from　Washington；　written　answers　from　the　Secretary　of　War；　and　of　himself；　to　my　communications　of　the　18th；　which　I　still　possess；　and　here　give　the　originals。　　They　embrace　the　copy　of　a　dispatch　made　by　Mr。　Stanton　to　General　Grant；　when　he　was　pressing　Lee　at　Appomattox；　which　dispatch；　if　sent　me　at　the　same　time　（as　should　have　been　done）；　would　have　saved　a　world　of　trouble。　　I　did　not　understand　that　General　Grant　had　come　down　to　supersede　me　in　command；　nor　did　he　intimate　it；　nor　did　I　receive　these　communications　as　a　serious　reproof；　but　promptly　acted　on　them；　as　is　already　shown；　and　in　this　connection　I　give　my　answer　made　to　General　Grant；　at　Raleigh；　before　I　had　received　any　answer　from　General　Johnston　to　the　demand　far　the　surrender　of　his　own　army；　as　well　as　my　answer　to　Mr。　Stanton's　letter；　of　the　same　date；　both　written　on　the　supposition　that　I　might　have　to　start　suddenly　in　pursuit　of　Johnston；　and　have　no　other　chance　to　explain。


WAR　DEPARTMENT；　WASHINGTON　CITY；　April　21；　1865。

Lieutenant…General　GRANT。

GENERAL：　The　memorandum　or　basis　agreed　upon　between　General　Sherman　and　General　Johnston　having　been　submitted　to　the　President；　they　are　disapproved。　　You　will　give　notice　of　the　disapproval　to　General　Sherman；　and　direct　him　to　resume　hostilities　at　the　earliest　moment。

Th