memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第4章

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or　having　such　luxuries；　but；　needing　a　tent　himself；　and　being　good…natured　and　slow　to　act；　he　never　enforced　my　orders　perfectly。　　In　addition　to　his　regular　wagon…train；　he　had　a　big　wagon　which　could　be　converted　into　an　office；　and　this　we　used　to　call　〃Thomas's　circus。〃　Several　times　during　the　campaign　I　found　quartermasters　hid　away　in　some　comfortable　nook　to　the　rear；　with　tents　and　mess…fixtures　which　were　the　envy　of　the　passing　soldiers；　and　I　frequently　broke　them　up；　and　distributed　the　tents　to　the　surgeons　of　brigades。　　Yet　my　orders　actually　reduced　the　transportation；　so　that　I　doubt　if　any　army　ever　went　forth　to　battle　with　fewer　impedimenta；　and　where　the　regular　and　necessary　supplies　of　food；　ammunition；　and　clothing；　were　issued；　as　called　for；　so　regularly　and　so　well。

My　personal　staff　was　then　composed　of　Captain　J。　C。　McCoy；　aide…de…camp；　Captain　L。　M。　Dayton；　aide…de…camp；　Captain　J。　C。　Audenried；　aide…de…camp；　Brigadier…General　J。　D。　Webster；　chief　of　staff；　Major　R。　M。　Sawyer；　assistant　adjutant…general；　Captain　Montgomery　Rochester；　assistant　adjutant…general。　　These　last　three　were　left　at　Nashville　in　charge　of　the　office；　and　were　empowered　to　give　orders　in　my　name；　communication　being　generally　kept　up　by　telegraph。

Subsequently　were　added　to　my　staff；　and　accompanied　me　in　the　field；　Brigadier…General　W。　F。　Barry；　chief　of　artillery；　Colonel　O。　M。　Poe；　chief　of　engineers；　Colonel　L。　C。　Easton；　chief　quartermaster；　Colonel　Amos　Beckwith；　chief　commissary；　Captain　Thos。　G。　Baylor；　chief　of　ordnance；　Surgeon　E。　D。　　Kittoe；　medical　director；　Brigadier…General　J。　M。　Corse；　inspector…general；　Lieutenant…Colonel　C。　Ewing；　inspector…general；　and　Lieutenant…　Colonel　Willard　Warner；　inspector…general。

These　officers　constituted　my　staff　proper　at　the　beginning　of　the　campaign；　which　remained　substantially　the　same　till　the　close　of　the　war；　with　very　few　exceptions；　viz。：　Surgeon　John　Moore；　United　States　Army；　relieved　Surgeon　Kittoe　of　the　volunteers　（about　Atlanta）　as　medical　director；　Major　Henry　Hitchcock　joined　as　judge…advocate；　and　Captain　G。　Ward　Nichols　reported　as　an　extra　aide…de…camp　（after　the　fall　of　Atlanta）　at　Gaylesville；　just　before　we　started　for　Savannah。

During　the　whole　month　of　April　the　preparations　for　active　war　were　going　on　with　extreme　vigor；　and　my　letter…book　shows　an　active　correspondence　with　Generals　Grant；　Halleck；　Thomas；　McPherson；　and　Schofield　on　thousands　of　matters　of　detail　and　arrangement；　most　of　which　are　embraced　in　my　testimony　before　the　Committee　on　the　Conduct　of　the　War；　vol。　i。；　Appendix。

When　the　time　for　action　approached；　viz。；　May　1；1864；　the　actual　armies　prepared　to　move　into　Georgia　resulted　as　follows；　present　for　battle：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Men。　Army　of　the　Cumberland；　Major…General　THOMAS。　Infantry　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　54；568　Artillery　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　　2；377　Cavalry。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　　3；828　　　　　　　　　Aggregate。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　60；773　Number　of　field…guns；　130。

Army　of　the　Tennessee；　Major…General　McPHERSON。

Infantry　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　22；437　Artillery　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　　1；404　Cavalry　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　　　　624　　　　　　　　　　Aggregate　。。。。。。。。。。。。。　24；465　Guns；　96


Army　of　the　Ohio；　Major…General　SCHOFIELD。

Infantry　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　11；183　Artillery。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　　　　679　Cavalry。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　　1；697　　　　　　　　　Aggregate　。。。。。。。。。。。。。。　13；559　Guns；　28。

Grand　aggregate；　98；797　men　and　254　guns


These　figures　do　not　embrace　the　cavalry　divisions　which　were　still　incomplete；　viz。；　of　General　Stoneman；　at　Lexington；　Kentucky；　and　of　General　Garrard；　at　Columbia；　Tennessee；　who　were　then　rapidly　collecting　horses；　and　joined　us　in　the　early　stage　of　the　campaign。　　General　Stoneman；　having　a　division　of　about　four　thousand　men　and　horses；　was　attached　to　Schofield's　Army　of　the　Ohio。　　General　Garrard's　division；　of　about　four　thousand　five　hundred　men　and　horses；　was　attached　to　General　Thomas's　command；　and　he　had　another　irregular　division　of　cavalry；　commanded　by　Brigadier…General　E。　　McCook。　　There　was　also　a　small　brigade　of　cavalry；　belonging　to　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland；　attached　temporarily　to　the　Army　of　the　Tennessee；　which　was　commanded　by　Brigadier…General　Judson　Kilpatrick。　　These　cavalry　commands　changed　constantly　in　strength　and　numbers；　and　were　generally　used　on　the　extreme　flanks；　or　for　some　special　detached　service；　as　will　be　herein…after　related。　　The　Army　of　the　Tennessee　was　still　short　by　the　two　divisions　detached　with　General　Banks；　up　Red　River；　and　two　other　divisions　on　furlough　in　Illinois；　Indiana；　and　Ohio；　but　which　were　rendezvousing　at　Cairo；　under　Generals　Leggett　and　Crocker；　to　form　a　part　of　the　Seventeenth　Corps；　which　corps　was　to　be　commanded　by　Major…General　Frank　P。　Blair；　then　a　member　of　Congress；　in　Washington。　　On　the　2d　of　April　I　notified　him　by　letter　that　I　wanted　him　to　join　and　to　command　these　two　divisions；　which　ought　to　be　ready　by　the　1st　of　May。　　General　Blair；　with　these　two　divisions；　constituting　the　Seventeenth　Army　Corps；　did　not　actually　overtake　us　until　vie　reached　Acworth　and　Big　Shanty；　in　Georgia；　about　the　9th　of　June；　1864。

In　my　letter　of　April　4th　to　General　John　A。　Rawains；　chief　of　staff　to　General　Grant　at　Washington；　I　described　at　length　all　the　preparations　that　were　in　progress　for　the　active　campaign　thus　contemplated；　and　therein　estimated　Schofield　at　twelve　thousand；　Thomas　at　forty…five　thousand；　and　MePherson　at　thirty　thousand。　At　first　I　intended　to　open　the　campaign　about　May　1st；　by　moving　Schofield　on　Dalton　from　Cleveland；　Thomas　on　the　same　objective　from　Chattanooga；　and　McPherson　on　Rome　and　Kingston　from　Gunter's　Landing。　　My　intention　was　merely　to　threaten　Dalton　in　front；　and　to　direct　McPherson　to　act　vigorously　against　the　railroad　below　Resaca；　far　to　the　rear　of　the　enemy。　　But　by　reason　of　his　being　short　of　his　estimated　strength　by　the　four　divisions　before　referred　to；　and　thus　being　reduced　to　about　twenty…four　thousand　men；　I　did　not　feel　justified　in　placing　him　so　far　away　from　the　support　of　the　main　body　of　the　army；　and　therefore　subsequently　changed　the　plan　of　campaign；　so　far　as　to　bring　that　army　up　to　Chattanooga；　and　to　direct　it　thence　through　Ship's　Gap　against　the　railroad　to　Johnston's　rear；　at　or　near　Resaca；　distant　from　Dalton　only　eighteen　miles；　and　in　full　communication　with　the　other　armies　by　roads　behind　Rocky　face　Ridge；　of　about　the　same　length。

On　the　10th　of　April　I　received　General　Grant's　letter　of　April　4th　from　Washington；　which　formed　the　basis　of　all　the　campaigns　of　the　year　1864；　and　subsequently　received　another　of　April　19th；　written　from　Culpepper；　Virginia；　both　of　which　are　now　in　my　possession；　in　his　own　handwriting；　and　are　here　given　entire。　　These　letters　embrace　substantially　all　the　orders　he　ever　made　on　this　particular　subject；　and　these；　it　will　be　seen；　devolved　on　me　the　details　both　as　to　the　plan　and　execution　of　the　campaign　by　the　armies　under　my　immediate　command。　　These　armies　were　to　be　directed　against　the　rebel　army　commanded　by　General　Joseph　E。　Johnston；　then　lying　on　the　defensive；　strongly　intrenched　at　Dalton；　Georgia；　and　I　was　required　to　follow　it　up　closely　and　persistently；　so　that　in　no　event　could　any　part　be　detached　to　assist　General　Lee　in　Virginia；　General　Grant　undertaking　in　like　manner　to　keep　Lee　so　busy　that　he　could　not　respond　to　any　calls　of　help　by　Johnston。　　Neither　Atlanta；　nor　Augusta；　nor　Savannah；　was　the　objective；　but　the　〃army　of　Jos。　Johnston；〃　go　where　it　might。


＇PRIVATE　AND　CONFIDENTIAL。＇

HEADQUARTERS　ARMIES　OF　THE　UNITED　STATES　WASHINGTON　D。　C。；　April　4；　1864。

Major…General　W。　T。　SHERMAN；　commanding　Military　Division　of　the　Mississippi。

GENERAL：　It　is　my　design；　if　the　enemy　keep　quiet　and　allow　me　to　take　the　initiative　in　the　spring　campaign；　to　work　all　parts　of　the　army　together；　and　somewhat　toward　a　common　centre。　　For　your　information　I　now　write　you　my　programme；　as　at　present　determined　upon。

I　have　sent　orders　to　Banks；　by　private　messenger；　to　finish　up　his　present　expedition　against　Shreveport　with　all　dispatch；　t