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第13章

scientific secrets-第13章

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flour dough; and sprinkled on the surface of still water。 This intoxicates 
the fish; and makes him turn up on the top of the water; when he is taken 
and put in a tub of fresh water until he revives; when all is right; he 
may be eaten without fear; but this will destroy many fish。






196。 MORELLA WINE
Take the juice of morella or tame cherries; and to each quart put 3 quarts 
of water; and 4 lbs。 of coarse brown sugar; let them ferment; and skim 
until worked clear; then draw off; avoiding the sediment at the bottom; 
bung up; or bottle; which is best for all wines; letting the bottles lie 
always on the side; either for wines or beers。

                               197。 HAIR DYE
No。1 Crystalised nitrate of silver; 1 drachm; soft water; 1 oz。 
No。2 Sulphide (sulphuret is the same) of potassium; 1 drachm; soft water; 
1 oz。; wash the beard or hair with soap to remove oil; dry with a towel a 
little then apply No。1; and directly after it No。2; for a few minutes; 
alternately; using different tooth brushes for each No。 Clear days are 
best on which to apply it。 As soon as dry; wash out well with soap。 Keep
it from shirt bosoms and face; especially No。1; as it will make the face 
sore as well as colour it。 If you do get it on the skin; cyanide (cyanuret 
is the same) of potassium; 1 drachm; to 2 ozs。 of water; will take it off。 
This last is poison; however; and should not touch sore places; nor be 
left where children may get at it。

                  198。 TALLOW CANDLES IN IMITATION OF WAX
Purify melted mutton tallow by throwing in powdered quicklime; then add 2 
parts of wax to 1 of tallow。 A most beautiful article of candle; 
resembling wax; will be produced by the mixture。 Dip the wicks in 
lime…water and saltpetre on making。

             199。 TO STAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A CRIMSON STAIN
Take of ground Brazil; 1 lb。; water; 3 quarts; cochineal; 1/2 oz。; boil 
the Brazil in the water for an hour; then strain; and add the cochineal; 
then boil it gently for half…an…hour; when it will be fit for use。 If you 
wish a scarlet tint; boil an ounce of saffron in a quart of water; and 
pass over the work before you stain it。 The article must be very clean; 
and of firwood; or the best sycamore。 When varnished over this stain it is 
most elegant。

                   200。 A PURPLE STAIN FOR VIOLINS; &c。
Take of chipped logwood; 1 lb。; of water; 3 quarts; of pearl…ash; 4 ozs。; 
of indigo; pounded; 2 ozs。; put the logwood in the water; boil well for an 
hour; then add the pearl…ash and indigo; and when dissolved; you will have 
a beautiful purple。

                    201。 A BLUE STAIN FOR VIOLINS; &c。
Take of oil of vitriol in a glass bottle; 1 lb。; put into it 4 ozs。 of 
indigo; and precede as directed in dyeing。

                     202。 GREEN STAIN FOR VIOLINS; &c。
Take of strong vinegar; 3 pints; of best verdigris; 4 ozs。; ground fine; 
of sap green; 1/2 oz。; of indigo; 1/2 oz。; mix all together。








                    203。 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DYEING
The materials should be perfectly clean; soap should be rinsed out in soft 
water; the article should be entirely wetted; or it will spot; light 
colours should be steeped in brass; tin or earthen; and; if set at all; 
should be set with alum。 Dark colours should be boiled in iron; and set 
with copperas; too much copperas rots the thread。

204。 FOR COLOURING SKY BLUE
Get the blue composition; it may be had at the druggist's; or clothier's; 
for a shilling an ounce。 If the articles are not white; the old colours 
should all be discharged by soap or a strong solution of tartaric acid; 
then rinsed; 12 or 16 drops of the composition; stirred into a quart…bowl 
of warm water; and strained if settlings are seen; will dye a great many 
articles。 If you want a deeper colour; add a few drops more of the 
composition。 If you wish to colour cotton goods; put in pounded chalk to 
destroy the acid; which is very destructive to all cotton; let it stand 
until the effervescence subsides; and then it may be safely used for 
cotton or silk。
     205。 FOR LILAC COLOUR
Take a little pinch of archil; and put some boiling hot water upon it; add 
to it a very little lump of pear…lash。 Shades may be altered by pear…lash; 
common slat; or wine。

206。 TO COLOUR BLACK
Logwood and cider; boiled together in iron; water being added for the 
evaporation; makes a good durable black。 Rusty nails or any bits of rusty 
iron; boiled in vinegar; with a small piece of copperas; will also dye 
black; so will ink powder; if boiled with vinegar。 In all cases; black 
must be set with copperas。

       207。 TO DYE LEMON COLOUR
Peach leaves; bark scraped from the barberry bush; or saffron; steeped in 
water; and set with alum; will colour a bright lemon; drop in a little 
gum…arabic to make the articles stiff。

                         208。 TO DYE ROYAL PURPLE
Soak logwood chips in soft water until the strength is out; then add a 
teaspoonful of alum to a quart of the liquid; if this is not bright 
enough; add more alum; rinse and dry。 When the dye is exhausted; it will 
colour a fine lilac。

       209。 TO DYE SLATE COLOUR
Tea grounds; boiled in iron vessels; set with copperas; makes a good slate 
colour。 To produce a light slate colour; boil white maple bark in clear 
water; with a little alum。 The bark should be boiled in brass utensils。 
The goods should be boiled in it and then hu





                            210。 TO DYE SCARLET
Dip the cloth in a solution of alkaline or metallic salt; then in a 
cochineal dye; and let it remain some time; and it will come out 
permanently coloured。 Another method: 1/2 lb。 of madder; 1/2 oz。 of cream 
tartar; and 1 oz。 of marine acid to 1 lb。 of cloth; put it all together; 
and bring the dye to a scalding heat; put in your materials; and they will 
be coloured in ten minutes。 The dye must be only scalding hot。 Rinse your 
goods in cold water as soon as they come from the dye。

                      211。 TO COLOUR A BRIGHT MADDER
For 1 lb。 of yard or cloth; take 3 ozs。 of madder; 3 ozs。 of alum; 1 oz。 
of cream tartar; prepare a brass kettle with two gallons of water; and 
bring the liquor to a steady heat; then add your alum and tartar; and 
bring it to a boil; put in your cloth; and boil it two hours; take it out; 
and rinse it in cold water; empty your kettle; and fill it with as much 
water as before; then add your madder; rub it in fine in the water before 
your cloth is in。 When your dye is as warm as you can bear your hand in; 
then put in your cloth; and let it lie one hour; and keep a steady heat; 
keep it in motion constantly; then bring it to a boil fifteen minutes; 
then air and rinse it。 If your goods are new; use 4 ozs。 of madder to a 
lb。
                           212。 TO COLOUR GREEN
If you wish to colour green; have your cloth as free as possible from the 
old colour; clean; and rinsed; and; in the first place; colour it deep 
yellow。 Fustic; boiled in soft water; makes the strongest and brightest 
yellow dye; but saffron; barberry…bush; peach…leaves; or onion…skins; will 
answer pretty well。 Next take a bowlful of strong yellow dye; and pour in 
a great spoonful or more of the blue composition; stir it up well with a 
clean stick; and dip the articles you have already coloured yellow into 
it; and they will take a lively grass…green。 This is a good plan for old 
bombazet…curtains; dessert…cloths; old flannel for desk coverings; &c。

                    213。 TO DYE STRAW COLOUR AND YELLOW
Saffron; steeped in earthen and strained; colours a fine straw colour。 It 
makes a delicate or deep shade; according to the strength of the tea。 
Colouring yellow is described in receipt No。212。 In all these cases a 
little bit of alum does no harm; and may help to fix the colour。 Ribbons; 
gauze handkerchiefs; &c。; are coloured well in this way; especially if 
they be stiffened by a bit of gum…arabic; dropped in while the stuff is 
steeping。

                         214。 TO DYE A DRAB COLOUR
Take plum tree sprouts; and boil them an hour or more; add copperas; 
according to the shade you wish your articles to be。 Whit

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