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第12章

scientific secrets-第12章

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true gold powder; the German gold; the aurum mosaicum; and copper powder; 
(all above described。) The choice of these powders is; of course; to be 
determined by the degree of brilliancy you wish to obtain。 The powder is 
mixed with strong gum water or isinglass; and laid on with a brush or 
pencil; and when not so dry as to have still a certain clamminess; a piece 
of soft leather wrapped round the finger; is dipped in the powder and 
rubbed over the work; when the work has been all covered with the bronze; 
it must be left to dry; and any loose powder then cleared away by a hair 
pencil。

                           180。 BRONZING IN WOOD
This may be effected by a process somewhat differing from the above; 
Prussian blue; patent yellow; raw amber; lamp…black; and pipe clay are 
ground separately with water on a stone; and as much of them as will make 
a good colour put into a small vessel three…fourths full of size。 This 
mixture is found to succeed best on using about half as much more pipe 
clay as of any of the other ingredients。 The wood being previously cleaned 
and smoothed; and coated with a mixture of clean size and lamp…black; 
receives a new coating with the above compound twice successively; having 
allowed the first to dry。 Afterwards the bronze powder is to be laid on 
with a pencil; and the whole burnished or cleaned anew; observing to 
repair the parts which may be injured by this operation; next; the work 
must be coated over with a thin lather of castile soap; which will take 
off the glare of the burnishing; and afterwards be carefully rubbed with a 
woollen cloth。 The superfluous powder may be rubbed off when dry。

                           181。 IN BRONZING IRON
The subject should be heated to a greater degree than the hand can bear; 
and German gold; mixed with a small quantity of spirit of wine varnish; 
spread over it with a pencil; should the iron be already polished; you 
must heat it well and moisten it with a linen rag dipped in vinegar。

                  182。 BRONZING CASTS OF PLASTER OF PARIS
There is a method of bronzing casts of plaster of Paris analogous to that 
which we have above given for bronzing wood; but it is not in much repute。 
Such figures may be beautifully varnished by means of Dr。 John's varnish; 
receipt No。178。 Casts of plaster of Paris may be made by receipt No。167。

183。 SHELL…LAC VARNISH
Dissolve in an iron kettle; one part of pearl…ash in about 8 parts of 
water; add one part of shell…lac; and heat the whole to ebullition。 When 
the lac is dissolved; cool the solution; and impregnate it with chlorine; 
till the lac is all precipitated。 The precipitate is white; but its colour 
deepens by washing and consolidation; dissolved in alcohol; lac bleached 
by the above process yields a varnish which is as free from colour as any 
copal varnish。









 184。 CHLORINE FOR SHELL…LAC VARNISH
This may be formed by mixing intimately eight parts of common salt; and 

three parts of the black oxide of manganese in powder; put this mixture 
into a retort; then pour four parts of sulphuric acid; diluted with an 
equal weight of water; and afterwards allowed to cool upon the salt and 
manganese; the gas will then be immediately liberated; and the operation 
may be quickened by a moderate heat。 A tube leading from the mouth of the 
retort must be passed into the resinous solution; where the gas will be 
absorbed; and the lac precipitated。

185。 SHELL…LAC VARNISHES OF VARIOUS COLOURS
These may be made by using ant colour in fine powder with the varnish; in 
the following manner: rub up the colour with a little alcohol or spirits 
of turpentine till it becomes perfectly smooth; then put it into the cup 
with the varnish。 Shell…lac varnish is the best spirit varnish we have; 
and may be made any colour by the above process。

186。 GOLD OIL…COLOUR; OR SIZE
The English method of preparing the colour in size; which serves as the 
ground on which the gold is laid; is; to grind together some red oxide of 
lead with the thickest drying oil that can be procured; the older the 
better。 To make it work freely; it is mixed; before being used; with a 
little oil of turpentine; till it is brought to a proper consistence。 The 
above four receipts are used in japanning。

                              187。 JAPANNING
If it be woodwork you are about to japan; it must be prepared with size; 
and some coarse material mixed with it to fill up and harden the grain of 
the wood; (such as may best suit the colour to be laid on;) which must be 
rubbed smooth with glass paper when dry。 In cases of accident; it is 
seldom necessary to resize the damaged places; unless they are 
considerable。

188。 GRINDING COLOURS IN JAPANNING
Be very careful in japanning; to grind your colours smooth in spirits of 
turpentine; then add a small quantity of turpentine and spirit varnish; 
lay it carefully on with a camel hair brush; and varnish it with brown or 
white varnish; according to the colour。

189。 COLOURS REQUIRED IN JAPANNING
Flake white; red lead; vermillion; lake; Prussian blue; patent yellow; 
orpiment; orchres; verditers; vandyke brown; umber; lamp…black; and 
siennas raw and burnt。 With these you may match almost any colour in 
general use in japanning。 For a black japan; it will be found sufficient 
to mix a little gold…size with lamp…black; this will bear a good gloss; 
without requiring to be varnished afterwards。






  190。 TO PREPARE A FINE TORTOISE…SHELL JAPAN
Take 1 gallon of good linseed oil; and 1/2 lb。 of umber; boil them 
together till the oil becomes very brown and thick; then strain it through 
a coarse cloth; and set it again to boil; in which state it must be 
continued till it acquires a consistence resembling that of pitch; it will 
then be fit for use。

  191。 DIRECTIONS FOR USING TORTOISE…SHELL JAPAN
Having thus prepared the varnish or japan; clean well the substance which 
is to be japanned; then lay vermillion; tempered with shell…lac varnish; 
or with drying oil; very thinly diluted with oil of turpentine; on the 
places intended to imitate the more transparent parts of the 
tortoise…shell; when the vermillion is dry; brush the whole over with 
black varnish; tempered to a due consistence with the oil of turpentine。 
When set and firm; put the work into a stove; where it may undergo a
very strong heat; which must be continued a considerable time; if even 
three weeks or a month it will be the better。 This tortoise…shell ground 
it not less valuable for its great hardness; and enduring to be made 
hotter than boiling water without damage; than for the superior beauty and 
brilliancy of its appearance。

    192。 TO MAKE CLOTH; SILK &c。; WATER…PROOF
Mix equal quantities of alum and acetate of lead; and dissolve the mixture 
in 1 1/2 gallons of boiling water。 When the solution has cooled;remove the 
supernatent liquid from the sediment; which consists of sulphate of lead; 
and is ready for use。 Any article of dress; when well saturated in this 
liquid; and allowed to dry slowly; bears the action of boiling water; and 
does not permit it to pass through; although steam and air penetrate if 
freely。

                           193。 CROCKERY CEMENT
Dissolve 1 oz。 of common salt in 1 quart of water; bring to a boil; and 
put in 1 1/4 lbs。 gum shell…lac; when it shall have dissolved; pour into 
cold water; and work like wax; make into small sticks。 This will make 
crockery as firm as a rock。 Directions: … Warm the stick; apply it to the 
broken edges; then heat the edges; place them together and hold for a 
minute; and they are firm。

     194。 A CEMENT FOR CHINA; GLASS…WARE; &c。
Take a thick mucilage of gum arabic; and stir into it plaster of Paris to 
form a thick paste; apply to the edges with a brush; and press firmly 
together and confine them two or three days; and you will be astonished at 
their firmness。

                           195。 ANGLER'S SECRET
The juice of loveage or smellage mixed with any kind of bait; or a few 
drops of the oil of rhodium; India cockle; also; is sometimes mixed with 
flour dough; and sprinkled on the surface of still water。 Th

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