the life of flavius josephus-第2章

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their　enemies　came　upon　them　from　without；　they　forced　the　Jews
that　were　among　them　to　bear　arms　against　their　own　countrymen；
which　it　is　unlawful　for　us　to　do；　（7）　and　when；　by　their
assistance；　they　had　joined　battle　with　those　who　attacked　them；
and　had　beaten　them；　after　that　victory　they　forgot　the
assurances　they　had　given　these　their　fellow　citizens　and
confederates；　and　slew　them　all；　being　in　number　many　ten
thousands　＇13；000＇。　The　like　miseries　were　undergone　by　those
Jews　that　were　the　inhabitants　of　Damascus。　But　we　have　given　a
more　accurate　account　of　these　things　in　the　books　of　the　Jewish
war。　I　only　mention　them　now；　because　I　would　demonstrate　to　my
readers；　that　the　Jews'　war　with　the　Romans　was　not　voluntary；
but　that；　for　the　main；　they　were　forced　by　necessity　to　enter
into　it。

7。　So　when　Gessius　had　been　beaten；　as　we　have　said　already；　the
principal　men　of　Jerusalem；　seeing　that　the　robbers　and
innovators　had　arms　in　great　plenty；　and　fearing　lest　they；　while
they　were　unprovided　of　arms；　should　be　in　subjection　to　their
enemies；　which　also　came　to　be　the　case　afterward；　and；　being
informed　that　all　Galilee　had　not　yet　revolted　from　the　Romans；
but　that　some　part　of　it　was　still　quiet；　they　sent　me　and　two
others　of　the　priests；　who　were　men　of　excellent　characters；
Joazar　and　Judas；　in　order　to　persuade　the　ill　men　there　to　lay
down　their　arms；　and　to　teach　them　this　lesson；　…　That　it　were
better　to　have　those　arms　reserved　for　the　most　courageous　men
that　the　nation　had　＇than　to　be　kept　there＇；　for　that　it　had　been
resolved；　That　those　our　best　men　should　always　have　their　arms
ready　against　futurity；　but　still　so；　that　they　should　wait　to
see　what　the　Romans　would　do。

8。　When　I　had　therefore　received　these　instructions；　I　came　into
Galilee；　and　found　the　people　of　Sepphoris　in　no　small　agony
about　their　country；　by　reason　that　the　Galileans　had　resolved　to
plunder　it；　on　account　of　the　friendship　they　had　with　the
Romans；　and　because　they　had　given　their　right　hand；　and　made　a
league　with　Cestius　Gallus；　the　president　of　Syria。　But　I
delivered　them　all　out　of　the　fear　they　were　in；　and　persuaded
the　multitude　to　deal　kindly　with　them；　and　permitted　them　to
send　to　those　that　were　their　own　hostages　with　Gessius　to　Dora；
which　is　a　city　of　Phoenicia；　as　often　as　they　pleased；　though　I
still　found　the　inhabitants　of　Tiberias　ready　to　take　arms；　and
that　on　the　occasion　following：　…　

9。　There　were　three　factions　in　this　city。　The　first　was　composed
of　men　of　worth　and　gravity；　of　these　Julius　Capellus　was　the
head。　Now　he；　as　well　as　all　his　companions；　Herod　the　son　of
Miarus；　and　Herod　the　son　of　Gamalus；　and　Compsus　the　son　of
Compsus；　（for　as　to　Compsus's　brother　Crispus；　who　had　once　been
governor　of　the　city　under　the　great　king　＇Agrippa＇　（8）　he　was
beyond　Jordan　in　his　own　possessions；）　all　these　persons　before
named　gave　their　advice；　that　the　city　should　then　continue　in
their　allegiance　to　the　Romans　and　to　the　king。　But　Pistus；　who
was　guided　by　his　son　Justus；　did　not　acquiesce　in　that
resolution；　otherwise　he　was　himself　naturally　of　a　good　and
virtuous　character。　But　the　second　faction　was　composed　of　the
most　ignoble　persons；　and　was　determined　for　war。　But　as　for
Justus；　the　son　of　Pistus；　who　was　the　head　of　the　third　faction；
although　he　pretended　to　be　doubtful　about　going　to　war；　yet　was
he　really　desirous　of　innovation；　as　supposing　that　he　should
gain　power　to　himself　by　the　change　of　affairs。　He　therefore　came
into　the　midst　of　them；　and　endeavored　to　inform　the　multitude
that　〃the　city　Tiberius　had　ever　been　a　city　of　Galilee；　and　that
in　the　days　of　Herod　the　tetrarch；　who　had　built　it；　it　had
obtained　the　principal　place；　and　that　he　had　ordered　that　the
city　Sepphoris　should　be　subordinate　to　the　city　Tiberias；　that
they　had　not　lost　this　preeminence　even　under　Agrippa　the　father；
but　had　retained　it　until　Felix　was　procurator　of　Judea。　But　he
told　them；　that　now　they　had　been　so　unfortunate　as　to　be　made　a
present　by　Nero　to　Agrippa；　junior；　and　that；　upon　Sepphoris's
submission　of　itself　to　the　Romans；　that　was　become　the　capital
city　of　Galilee；　and　that　the　royal　library　and　the　archives　were
now　removed　from　them。〃　When　he　had　spoken　these　things；　and　a
great　many　more；　against　king　Agrippa；　in　order　to　provoke　the
people　to　a　revolt；　he　added　that　〃this　was　the　time　for　them　to
take　arms；　and　join　with　the　Galileans　as　their　confederates
（whom　they　might　command；　and　who　would　now　willingly　assist
them；　out　of　the　hatred　they　bare　to　the　people　of　Sepphoris；
because　they　preserved　their　fidelity　to　the　Romans）；　and　to
gather　a　great　number　of　forces；　in　order　to　punish　them。〃　And　as
he　said　this；　he　exhorted　the　multitude；　＇to　go　to　war；＇　for　his
abilities　lay　in　making　harangues　to　the　people；　and　in　being　too
hard　in　his　speeches　for　such　as　opposed　him；　though　they　advised
what　was　more　to　their　advantage；　and　this　by　his　craftiness　and
his　fallacies；　for　he　was　not　unskilful　in　the　learning　of　the
Greeks；　and　in　dependence　on　that　skill　it　was；　that　he　undertook
to　write　a　history　of　these　affairs；　as　aiming；　by　this　way　of
haranguing；　to　disguise　the　truth。　But　as　to　this　man；　and　how
ill　were　his　character　and　conduct　of　life；　and　how　he　and　his
brother　were；　in　great　measure；　the　authors　of　our　destruction；　I
shall　give　the　reader　an　account　in　the　progress　of　my　narration。
So　when　Justus　had；　by　his　persuasions；　prevailed　with　the
citizens　of　Tiberias　to　take　arms；　nay；　and　had　forced　a　great
many　so　to　do　against　their　wills；　he　went　out；　and　set　the
villages　that　belonged　to　Gadara　and　Hippos　on　fire；　which
villages　were　situated　on　the　borders　of　Tiberias；　and　of　the
region　of　Scythopolis。

10。　And　this　was　the　state　Tiberias　was　now　in。　But　as　for
Gischala；　its　affairs　were　thus：　…　When　John；　the　son　of　Levi；
saw　some　of　the　citizens　much　elevated　upon　their　revolt　from　the
Romans；　he　labored　to　restrain　them；　and　entreated　them　that　they
would　keep　their　allegiance　to　them。　But　he　could　not　gain　his
purpose；　although　he　did　his　endeavors　to　the　utmost；　for　the
neighboring　people　of　Gadara；　Gabara；　and　Sogana；　wth　the
Tyrians；　got　together　a　great　army；　and　fell　upon　Gischala；　and
took　Gischala　by　force；　and　set　it　on　fire；　and　when　they　had
entirely　demolished　it；　they　returned　home。　Upon　which　John　was
so　enraged；　that　he　armed　all　his　men；　and　joined　battle　with　the
people　forementioned；　and　rebuilt　Gischala　after　a　manner　better
than　before；　and　fortified　it　with　walls　for　its　future　security。

11。　But　Gamala　persevered　in　its　allegiance　to　the　Romans；　for
the　reason　following：　…　Philip；　the　son　of　Jacimus；　who　was　their
governor　under　king　Agrippa；　had　been　unexpectedly　preserved　when
the　royal　palace　at　Jerusalem　had　been　besieged；　but；　as　he　fled
away；　had　fallen　into　another　danger；　and　that　was；　of　being
killed　by　Manahem；　and　the　robbers　that　were　with　him；　but
certain　Babylonians；　who　were　of　his　kindred；　and　were　then　in
Jerusalem；　hindered　the　robbers　from　executing　their　design。　So
Philip　staid　there　four　days；　and　fled　away　on　the　fifth；　having
disguised　himself　with　fictitious　hair；　that　he　might　not　be
discovered；　and　when　he　was　come　to　one　of　the　villages　to　him
belonging；　but　one　that　was　situated　at　the　borders　of　the
citadel　of　Gamala；　he　sent　to　some　of　those　that　were　under　him；
and　commanded　them　to　come　to　him。　But　God　himself　hindered　that
his　intention；　and　this　for　his　own　advantage　also；　for　had　it
not　so　happened；　he　had　certainly　perished。　For　a　fever　having
seized　upon　him　immediately；　he　wrote　to　Agrippa　and　Bernice；　and
gave　them　to　one　of　his　freed…men　to　carry　them　to　Varus；　who　at
this　time　was　procurator　of　the　kingdom；　which　the　king　and　his
sister　had　intrusted　him　withal；　while　they　were　gone　to　Berytus
with　an　intention　of　meeting　Gessius。　When　Varus　had　received
these　letters　of　Philip；　and　had　learned　that　he　was　preserved；
he　was　very　uneasy　at　it；　as　supposing　that　he　should　appear
useless　to　the　king　and　his　sister；　now　Philip　was　come。　He
therefore　produced　the　carrier　of　the　lett