edingburgh picturesque notes-第11章
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meadows to smell of young grass; even in the thickest of
our streets; the country hilltops find out a young man's
eyes; and set his heart beating for travel and pure air。
CHAPTER VII。
THE VILLA QUARTERS。
MR。 RUSKIN'S denunciation of the New Town of
Edinburgh includes; as I have heard it repeated; nearly
all the stone and lime we have to show。 Many however
find a grand air and something settled and imposing in
the better parts; and upon many; as I have said; the
confusion of styles induces an agreeable stimulation of
the mind。 But upon the subject of our recent villa
architecture; I am frankly ready to mingle my tears with
Mr。 Ruskin's; and it is a subject which makes one envious
of his large declamatory and controversial eloquence。
Day by day; one new villa; one new object of
offence; is added to another; all around Newington and
Morningside; the dismallest structures keep springing up
like mushrooms; the pleasant hills are loaded with them;
each impudently squatted in its garden; each roofed and
carrying chimneys like a house。 And yet a glance of an
eye discovers their true character。 They are not houses;
for they were not designed with a view to human
habitation; and the internal arrangements are; as they
tell me; fantastically unsuited to the needs of man。
They are not buildings; for you can scarcely say a thing
is built where every measurement is in clamant
disproportion with its neighbour。 They belong to no
style of art; only to a form of business much to be
regretted。
Why should it be cheaper to erect a structure where
the size of the windows bears no rational relation to the
size of the front? Is there any profit in a misplaced
chimney…stalk? Does a hard…working; greedy builder gain
more on a monstrosity than on a decent cottage of equal
plainness? Frankly; we should say; No。 Bricks may be
omitted; and green timber employed; in the construction
of even a very elegant design; and there is no reason why
a chimney should be made to vent; because it is so
situated as to look comely from without。 On the other
hand; there is a noble way of being ugly: a high…aspiring
fiasco like the fall of Lucifer。 There are daring and
gaudy buildings that manage to be offensive; without
being contemptible; and we know that 'fools rush in where
angels fear to tread。' But to aim at making a common…
place villa; and to make it insufferably ugly in each
particular; to attempt the homeliest achievement; and to
attain the bottom of derided failure; not to have any
theory but profit and yet; at an equal expense; to
outstrip all competitors in the art of conceiving and
rendering permanent deformity; and to do all this in what
is; by nature; one of the most agreeable neighbourhoods
in Britain:… what are we to say; but that this also is a
distinction; hard to earn although not greatly
worshipful?
Indifferent buildings give pain to the sensitive;
but these things offend the plainest taste。 It is a
danger which threatens the amenity of the town; and as
this eruption keeps spreading on our borders; we have
ever the farther to walk among unpleasant sights; before
we gain the country air。 If the population of Edinburgh
were a living; autonomous body; it would arise like one
man and make night hideous with arson; the builders and
their accomplices would be driven to work; like the Jews
of yore; with the trowel in one hand and the defensive
cutlass in the other; and as soon as one of these masonic
wonders had been consummated; right…minded iconoclasts
should fall thereon and make an end of it at once。
Possibly these words may meet the eye of a builder
or two。 It is no use asking them to employ an architect;
for that would be to touch them in a delicate quarter;
and its use would largely depend on what architect they
were minded to call in。 But let them get any architect
in the world to point out any reasonably well…
proportioned villa; not his own design; and let them
reproduce that model to satiety。
CHAPTER VIII。
THE CALTON HILL。
THE east of new Edinburgh is guarded by a craggy
hill; of no great elevation; which the town embraces。
The old London road runs on one side of it; while the New
Approach; leaving it on the other hand; completes the
circuit。 You mount by stairs in a cutting of the rock to
find yourself in a field of monuments。 Dugald Stewart
has the honours of situation and architecture; Burns is
memorialised lower down upon a spur; Lord Nelson; as
befits a sailor; gives his name to the top…gallant of the
Calton Hill。 This latter erection has been differently
and yet; in both cases; aptly compared to a telescope and
a butter…churn; comparisons apart; it ranks among the
vilest of men's handiworks。 But the chief feature is an
unfinished range of columns; 'the Modern Ruin' as it has
been called; an imposing object from far and near; and
giving Edinburgh; even from the sea; that false air; of a
Modern Athens which has earned for her so many slighting
speeches。 It was meant to be a National Monument; and
its present state is a very suitable monument to certain
national characteristics。 The old Observatory … a quaint
brown building on the edge of the steep … and the new
Observatory … a classical edifice with a dome … occupy
the central portion of the summit。 All these are
scattered on a green turf; browsed over by some sheep。
The scene suggests reflections on fame and on man's
injustice to the dead。 You see Dugald Stewart rather
more handsomely commemorated than Burns。 Immediately
below; in the Canongate churchyard; lies Robert
Fergusson; Burns's master in his art; who died insane
while yet a stripling; and if Dugald Stewart has been
somewhat too boisterously acclaimed; the Edinburgh poet;
on the other hand; is most unrighteously forgotten。 The
votaries of Burns; a crew too common in all ranks in
Scotland and more remarkable for number than discretion;
eagerly suppress all mention of the lad who handed to him
the poetic impulse and; up to the time when he grew
famous; continued to influence him in his manner and the
choice of subjects。 Burns himself not only acknowledged
his debt in a fragment of autobiography; but erected a
tomb over the grave in Canongate churchyard。 This was
worthy of an artist; but it was done in vain; and
although I think I have read nearly all the biographies
of Burns; I cannot remember one in which the modesty of
nature was not violated; or where Fergusson was not
sacrificed to the credit of his follower's originality。
There is a kind of gaping admiration that would fain roll
Shakespeare and Bacon into one; to have a bigger thing to
gape at; and a class of men who cannot edit one author
without disparaging all others。 They are indeed mistaken
if they think to please the great originals; and whoever
puts Fergusson right with fame; cannot do better than
dedicate his labours to the memory of Burns; who will be
the best delighted of the dead。
Of all places for a view; this Calton Hill is
perhaps the best; since you can see the Castle; which you
lose from the Castle; and Arthur's Seat; which you cannot
see from Arthur's Seat。 It is the place to stroll on one
of those days of sunshine and east wind which are so
common in our more than temperate summer。 The breeze
comes off the sea; with a little of the freshness; and
that touch of chill; peculiar to the quarter; which is
delightful to certain very ruddy organizations and
greatly the reverse to the majority of mankind。 It
brings with it a faint; floating haze; a cunning
decolourizer; although not thick enough to obscure
outlines near at hand。 But the haze lies more thickly to
windward at the far end of Musselburgh Bay; and over the
Links of Aberlad