money answers all things-第31章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
e People this Way； would bring down the Prices of Things to the cash amongst them （i。e。 to their proper value）； and would soon； by making their Produce and Goods so much cheaper； enable them to export more of their own； and import less foreign Goods； and thereby recover their foreign and maritime Trade。 Thus the Flux and Reflux of Trade； which we hence see is all govern'd by Money； or； in other Words； by the Prices Goods of all Kinds bear in each Nation； with respect to the Prices of the same Kinds of Goods in each other Nation； would infallibly furnish as much Employment and Happiness； as the State of Mankind is capable of。 And thus would Government answer up to the Felicity； Mankind wisely sought by uniting themselves into such Bodies and Societies。 Nor could this possibly fail of making Mankind thus happy； unless the Defect be in the Constitution of the World it self to answer the End。 And I think none； that have any just Sentiments of the Perfections of the Deity； will ever suppose that。 O happy Time！ when shall it once be； that Princes and great Men of the World will let Mankind thus naturally employ； and make themselves happy！ And thus suffering them to support themselves； remove much of the Misery of the World； and together introduce Knowledge； and Prudence； and Virtue in much larger Degrees than at present！ For Ignorance and Vice are almost inseparably connected with Poverty and Want。 The Destruction of the Poor is their Poverty。
Finis
NOTES：
1。 William Nichols； D。D。 in his Conference with a Theist； Page 64。 says； To consider farther； how mightily this Nation of ours hath increased within a Century or two； notwithstanding the many civil and external Wars； and those vast Drains of People that have been made into our Plantations since the Discovery of America： How the City of London hath doubled itself within these forty Years； notwithstanding the last great Plague； and how the Country hath increased； though not in the like； yet in a considerable Proportion； etc。
2。 I take this from Dr Nichols。
3。 This is a certain Rule to know when the Ballance of Trade is for or against us with any Nation。
4。 Timber hath been pretty reasonable these 2 or 3 Years past； which I suppose to be entirely owing to an extraordinary Destruction of it； the Gentlemen cutting it down in greater Quantities than usual； because the Farmers in general have not been able to pay their Rents as formerly。
5。 By the Bills of Mortality of the Year 1730； which by the preceding and succeeding Years appears to be a moderate Year； there died in London and Westminister and the Suburbs thereof； under 2 Years old： 10368 persons； the medium which age is 1 year makes amongst them 10368 years。 between 2 and 5： 2448； 3 1/2； 8568 5 and 10： 1092； 7 1/2； 8190 10 and 20： 901； 15； 12515 20 and 30； 2048； 25； 51100 30 and 40； 2471； 35； 86485 40 and 50； 2373； 45； 106785 50 and 60； 1713； 55； 94215 60 and 70； 1577； 65； 102505 70 and 80； 1601； 75； 75075 80 and 90； 622； 85； 52870 90 and 100； 138； 95； 13110 ； 2； 101； 202 ； 1； 102； 102 ； 2； 103； 206 ； 3； 104； 312 ； 1； 105； 105
13908 Under 10 Years
By the Number of Deaths 26761； divide the Years they lived 623713； and 23 Years and about 1/3； according to the Bill of Mortality； appears to be the Par Term of human Life； multiply the Deaths by this Term； shews the Number of People living in the Bills of Mortality to be about 624；423 Persons； and if we suppose the Houses one with another to contain 10 Souls； then the Number of Houses inhabited will be 62；442。 Now the London Evening Post of January 2； 1732…3； says upwards of 8000 Houses； according to Account lately taken are empty in London； Westminister； and Places with the Bills of Mortality； most of which； let at an Average at about 20 l。 per Annum； at which Rate there is upwards of 160；000 l。 Rent yearly lost in the Bills of Mortality； more than a ninth Part of the whole Building being empty。 By this Bill of Mortality it also appears； that more than half the human Race die under 10 Years of Age； and if we consider the Number of young Persons； under and over this age； who live to supply the Places of those that die； in all the Stages of LIfe above this Term； there can be no doubt that Children make about half the Business of the World as I have asserted。 And tho' it appears by this Bill of Mortality that the Term of Life； on the Par； is about 49 Years； excluding all those that die at 20 Years and under； yet I can't imagine the Term Men have to raise and provide for Families in the Marriage State doth much exceed 20 years； since it's pretty certain Marriages in general commence a few Years at least later than the Age of 20 years； and are undoubtedly generally dissolved by the Death of one of the Parties before they both reach the Term of 49 Years。
6。 I am not unsensible that Mr Derham in his Pysico…Theology shews that the Deaths in London as in most great Cities are greater than the Births； whence an Objection may seem to arise to the Increase abovementioned； which I think is of no Weight； because if a Nation will absolutely double themselves in about 360 Years； notwithstanding Wars and Plagues； Cities must do so too； nay it's plain by what Dr Nichols says； London increased at so much greater Rate as to Double itself in 40 Years； notwithstanding the last great Plague which happened in that Period。
7。 Doctor John Laurence； in his System of Agriculture。 Page 45； says； Without all Question； Improvement of Lands； of what Kind soever； makes Riches and Plenty； and Plenty calls together Inhabitants； and People to consume it。 And； Page 47； he says； So plain it is； that Inclosure is the greatest Encouragement to good Husbandry； and Remedy for Beggary； the Poor being imployed by the continual Labour bestowed on such Land； which is doubly repaid by the fruitful Crops it annually yields。
8。 Sir William Pettis says； that a Nation will double their Number in 200 Years； which must always be understood thus； that it must be exempt from the Ravage of War； the Destruction of Pestilence； or being drained for distant Colonies。
9。 Eras。 Phillips； Esq； in his State of the Nation； etc。； Page 13； says very truly。 High Duties and Prohibitions on our Side beget high Duties and Prohibitions on theirs。
10。 Eras。 Phillips； Esq； Page 14。 gloriously says； A trading Nation should be an open Ware house； where the Merchant may buy what he pleases； or sell what he can。 Whatever is brought to you； if you don't want it； you won't purchase it； if you do want it； the Largeness of the Impost don't keep it from you。
11。 This will in the Course of this Essay appear to be a necessary Consequence in this Case。
12。 Mr Benjamin Ward of Yarmouth； in his State of the Woollen Manufactory considered； who seems to have informed himself thoroughly of this important Branch in foreign Nations； says； Page 4。 〃It's certain no country in Europe manufactures all Kinds of Goods so dear as the People of this Kingdom； which gives other Nations a vast Advantage in carrying their Manufactures to Market； and enabling them to become our Rivals in Trade to almost all Countries； and a little lower he says； 10 Pound and a half of Wool from the Sheeps Back will make a piece of Calimanco weighing eight pounds； which Wool will cost our Manufacturers about 6 s。 ； the manufacturing thereof will cost 1 l。 4 s。； So that the Piece will cost us 1 l 10 s。 But though Foreigners must be at so great a Charge to get our Wool； that the same Quantity will cost them double； that is 12 s。； yet being able to manufacture the same for 12 s。 which is 1 l。 4 s。 they can and do undersel us 6 shillings； which is 20 per cent in such a Piece； of which he says； the manufacturing Part is as little as any Stuff we make； wherefore； as he says； Page 9； we are under an absolute Necessity to make our Goods as cheap as possibly we can； if we mean not to lose our foreign Trade。〃 And I say there is no way to do it but to reduce the Necessaries of Life to half their present Price； that we may work as cheap as any Nation that now interferes in any of our Manufactures or Branches of our Trade； which may certainly be done
